The following

outline Outline or outlining may refer to: * Outline (list), a document summary, in hierarchical list format * Code folding, a method of hiding or collapsing code or text to see content in outline form * Outline drawing, a sketch depicting the outer edge ...

is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Abkhazia: Abkhazia – ''

de facto ''De facto'' ( ; , "in fact") describes practices that exist in reality, whether or not they are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms. It is commonly used to refer to what happens in practice, in contrast with ''de jure'' ("by la ...

independent state Independence is a condition of a person, nation, country, or state in which residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory. The opposite of independence is the statu ...

International Relations and Security Network
Kosovo wishes in Caucasus
By Simon Saradzhyan located in

Eurasia Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelago ...

whose ''

de jure In law and government, ''de jure'' ( ; , "by law") describes practices that are legally recognized, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. In contrast, ("in fact") describes situations that exist in reality, even if not legally ...

sovereignty Sovereignty is the defining authority within individual consciousness, social construct, or territory. Sovereignty entails hierarchy within the state, as well as external autonomy for states. In any state, sovereignty is assigned to the perso ...

is only recognized by

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...

Nicaragua Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the countr ...

Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in th ...

, Nauru and the disputed states of

South Ossetia South Ossetia, ka, სამხრეთი ოსეთი, ( , ), officially the Republic of South Ossetia – the State of Alania, is a partially recognised landlocked state in the South Caucasus. It has an officially stated populat ...

and

Transnistria Transnistria, officially the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR), is an unrecognised breakaway state that is internationally recognised as a part of Moldova. Transnistria controls most of the narrow strip of land between the Dniester riv ...

. The rest of the world's states consider Abkhazia to be ''de jure'' part of

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may also refer to: Places Historical states and entities * Related to the ...

. Abkhazia is located in the western

Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia (country), Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia. The Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus range ...

, on the eastern coast of the

Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Rom ...

. On the north, it borders the

Russian Federation Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...

, on the east Georgia's

Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti ( Georgian: სამეგრელო-ზემო სვანეთი) is a region (Mkhare) in western Georgia with a population of 308,358 (2021) and a surface of . The region has Zugdidi as its administrative center, ...

region.

General reference

Pronunciation Pronunciation is the way in which a word or a language is spoken. This may refer to generally agreed-upon sequences of sounds used in speaking a given word or language in a specific dialect ("correct pronunciation") or simply the way a particular ...

* Common English country name: Abkhazia * Official English country name: disputed between the

Republic of Abkhazia Abkhazia, ka, აფხაზეთი, tr, , xmf, აბჟუა, abzhua, or ( or ), officially the Republic of Abkhazia, is a partially recognised state in the South Caucasus, recognised by most countries as part of Georgia, which vi ...

and the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia * Official English country name used by UN and international community: Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia * Common endonym(s): * Official endonym(s): * Adjectival(s): Abkhaz, Abkhazian * Demonym(s): *

Etymology Etymology ()The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p. 633 "Etymology /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/ the study of the class in words and the way their meanings have changed throughout time". is the study of the history of the Phonological chan ...

: Name of Abkhazia *

ISO country codes ISO 3166-1 (''Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 1: Country codes'') is a standard defining codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. It ...

: See the Outline of Georgia (country) *

ISO region codes ISO 3166-2 is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and defines codes for identifying the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. The ...

: See the Outline of Georgia (country) *

Internet The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a '' network of networks'' that consists of private, pub ...

country code top-level domain A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country, sovereign state, or dependent territory identified with a country code. All ASCII ccTLD identifiers are two letters long, and all ...

: See the Outline of Georgia

Geography of Abkhazia

Geography of Abkhazia * Abkhazia is: a de facto

, its de jure independence is only recognised by

and

, the rest of the world's states recognise it as part of

. * Location: ** Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere ***

****

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an are ...

*****

Southwest Asia Western Asia, West Asia, or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost subregion of the larger geographical region of Asia, as defined by some academics, UN bodies and other institutions. It is almost entirely a part of the Middle East, and includes Ana ...

******

*******

****

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located entirel ...

*****

Eastern Europe Eastern Europe is a subregion of the European continent. As a largely ambiguous term, it has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, ethnic, cultural, and socio-economic connotations. The vast majority of the region is covered by Russia, whic ...

******

*******

Time zone A time zone is an area which observes a uniform standard time for legal, commercial and social purposes. Time zones tend to follow the boundaries between countries and their subdivisions instead of strictly following longitude, because it ...

: MSK ( UTC+3) * Extreme Points: ** Northernmost Point: The

Psou River The Psou (; ady, Псыу; ka, ფსოუ; ab, Ҧсоу; russian: Псоу) is a river in the West Caucasus, bordering the Gagra Range to the east. It flows along the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range and forms a part of ...

near the Russian village of Aibga in

Krasnodar Krai Krasnodar Krai (russian: Краснода́рский край, r=Krasnodarsky kray, p=krəsnɐˈdarskʲɪj kraj) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the North Caucasus region in Southern Russia and administratively a part of ...

** Southernmost Point: A beach near Bchara ** Easternmost Point: Near the source of the Sakeni River in the Caucasus ** Westernmost Point: Leselidze ** Highest Point: Summit of Dombay-Ulgen ** Lowest Point: Sea level * Population of Abkhazia: 216,000 (2003 and disputed) * * Area of Abkhazia: * Atlas of Abkhazia

Environment of Abkhazia

* Climate of Abkhazia * World Heritage Sites in Abkhazia: None

Regions of Abkhazia

Administrative divisions of Abkhazia

Administrative divisions of Abkhazia In Soviet times, the Abkhazian ASSR was divided into six ''raions'' (districts) named after their respective capitals. The administrative divisions of the disputed Republic of Abkhazia have stayed the same, with one exception: in 1995 the Tkva ...

Districts of Abkhazia The Districts of Abkhazia are the first-level subdivisions of Abkhazia, Georgia. Districts are led by the Head of the Administration, who is simultaneously Mayor of the District's capital, except in the case of Sukhumi. The Head of the Administra ...

** Municipalities of Abkhazia

= Districts of Abkhazia

Gagra Gagra ( ka, გაგრა; Abkhaz and Russian: Гагра) is a town in Abkhazia/Georgia, sprawling for 5 km on the northeast coast of the Black Sea, at the foot of the Caucasus Mountains. Its subtropical climate made Gagra a popular he ...

* Gali *

Gudauta Gudauta ( ka, გუდაუთა, ; ab, Гәдоуҭа, ''Gwdowtha''; russian: Гудаута, ''Gudauta'') is a town in Abkhazia, Georgia, and a centre of the eponymous district. It is situated on the Black Sea, 37 km northwest of Sukhu ...

Gulripshi Gulripshi ( ab, Гәылрыҧшь, ''Gwylryphsh''; ka, გულრიფში, ; russian: Гульрыпш, ''Gulrypsh'') is an urban settlement in Abkhazia. It is located 12 km from Sukhumi, and is the capital of Gulripshi District. Nik ...

Ochamchire Ochamchire or Ochamchira ( ka, ოჩამჩირე, ; ab, Очамчыра, ''Ochamchyra''; russian: Очамчира, ''Ochamchira'') is a seaside city on the Black Sea coast of Abkhazia, Georgia, and a centre of an eponymous district. Acc ...

Sukhumi Sukhumi (russian: Суху́м(и), ) or Sokhumi ( ka, სოხუმი, ), also known by its Abkhaz name Aqwa ( ab, Аҟәа, ''Aqwa''), is a city in a wide bay on the Black Sea's eastern coast. It is both the capital and largest city of ...

* Tkvarcheli

= Municipalities of Abkhazia

Cities of Abkhazia

* Capital of Abkhazia:

Towns of Abkhazia

* Gali *

New Athos New Athos or Akhali Atoni ( ka, ახალი ათონი, ''Akhali Atoni''; ab, Афон Ҿыц, ''Afon Ch'yts''; russian: Новый Афон; ''Novy Afon'', gr, Νέος Άθως, ''Neos Athos'') is a town in the Gudauta ''raion'' of ...

Pitsunda Pitsunda ( ab, Пиҵунда, russian: Пицунда) or Bichvinta ( ka, ბიჭვინთა ) is a resort town in the Gagra District of Abkhazia/Georgia. Founded by Greek colonists in the 5th century BC, Pitsunda became an important pol ...

* Tkvarcheli

Other settlements (villages)

* Bzyb *

* Leselidze * Ilori *

Lykhny Lykhny ( ka, ლიხნი, Abkhaz and Russian: Лыхны) is a village in the Gudauta District of Abkhazia, a disputed region on the Black Sea coast. History In medieval Georgian sources the village is also known as ''Zupu'' (''ზუფ� ...

* Myussera * Pskhu * Gantiadi

Demography of Abkhazia

Demographics of Abkhazia This article is about the demographics of Abkhazia, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health, socioeconomic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. Size The exact present size of Abkhazia's popula ...

Government and politics of Abkhazia

Politics of Abkhazia Politics in Abkhazia is dominated by its conflict with Georgia. Abkhazia became ''de facto'' independent from Georgia after the 1992–1993 war, but its ''de jure'' independence has only been recognised by a few other countries. Abkhazia is ...

''Abkhazia is

independent, but most of the world's governments consider Abkhazia to be a

part of

, and not an independent country.'' * Form of government: presidential representative democratic republic * Capital of Abkhazia:

Elections in Abkhazia Abkhazia elects on national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people. The People's Assembly has 35 members, elected for a five-year term in single seat constituencie ...

Political parties in Abkhazia This article lists political parties and socio-political movements in the partially recognised Republic of Abkhazia. Abkhazia has a multi-party system. Political parties tend to not have stable ideological platforms, and as such, party actions a ...

Branches of government

Government of the Republic of Abkhazia The Government of the Republic of Abkhazia governs the partially recognised Republic of Abkhazia. Executive branch The Republic of Abkhazia is headed by the President, a post held since early 2020 by Aslan Bzhania, who is supported by the ...

Executive branch of the government of Abkhazia

Head of state A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and l ...

President of Abkhazia The position of president of Abkhazia was created in 1994. Before the office of president was created the head of state position was known as the chairman of Parliament between 1992 and the creation of the 1994 constitution. Before the position ...

Raul Khajimba Raul Jumkovich Khajimba ( ab, Рауль Џьумка-иҧа Ҳаџьымба, ka, რაულ ჯუმკას-ძე ჰაჯიმბა; born 21 March 1958) is an Abkhazian politician, and served as President of Abkhazia from 25 September ...

Head of government The head of government is the highest or the second-highest official in the executive branch of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presides over a cabinet, ...

Prime Minister of Abkhazia The prime minister of Abkhazia is the ''de facto'' head of government of the partially recognized Republic of Abkhazia, that is ''de jure'' part of Georgia. History Government of President Vladislav Ardzinba While the presidency was held by ...

Leonid Lakerbaia Leonid Lakerbaia (, ; born 1 January 1947 in Kutaisi), was the Prime Minister of Abkhazia in the Government of President Ankvab from 27 September 2011 until his resignation on 2 June 2014 following the 2014 Abkhazian political crisis. Lakerbaia ...

* Cabinet of Abkhazia **

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister i ...

–

** First Vice Premier – Indira Awardan ** Vice Premier –

Alexander Stranichkin Alexander Viktorovich Stranichkin (born 5 April 1955 in Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai) is an Abkhazian politician. A former vice-speaker of the People's Assembly of Abkhazia, Stranichkin currently serving as one of the four vice-premiers of the Republic o ...

** Vice Premier – Vladimir Delba ** Chief of the Cabinet Staff – Marina Ladaria **

Minister of Defence A defence minister or minister of defence is a cabinet official position in charge of a ministry of defense, which regulates the armed forces in sovereign states. The role of a defence minister varies considerably from country to country; in som ...

–

Mirab Kishmaria Mirab Boris-ipa Kishmaria ( ab, Мираб Борис-иҧа Кишьмариа, ka, მერაბ ქიშმარია, russian: Мира́б Бори́сович Кишма́рия) was an Abkhaz politician and army general who served as t ...

** Minister of Finance – Vladimir Delba **

Minister for Foreign Affairs A foreign affairs minister or minister of foreign affairs (less commonly minister for foreign affairs) is generally a cabinet minister in charge of a state's foreign policy and relations. The formal title of the top official varies between cou ...

–

Viacheslav Chirikba Viacheslav Chirikba is a linguist and politician from Abkhazia. He was Minister for Foreign Affairs of Abkhazia between 2011 and 2016. Personal life Chirikba was born on 17 March 1959 in Gagra. From 1966 until 1976, he attended School No.5 in ...

** Minister of Internal Affairs –

Otar Khetsia Otar Mikhailovich Khetsia (russian: Отар Михайлович Хеция; born 19 February 1965) has twice been Minister of Internal Affairs of Abkhazia. Career Otar Khetsia was first appointed Interior Minister after the election of Preside ...

** Minister of Justice – Yekaterina Onishchenko ** Minister of Economy – David Iradyan ** Minister for Taxes and Fees –

Rauf Tsimtsba Rauf Aslanovich Tsimtsba ( ab, Рауф Аслан-иҧа Цымцба, russian: Рауф Асланович Цимцба; born 23 November 1956) was the third Minister for Taxes and Fees of Abkhazia, serving between 2011 and 2016 in the Governmen ...

** Minister of Agriculture – Beslan Jopua ** Minister of Labour and Social Security – Olga Koltukova ** Minister of Health – Zurab Marshan ** Minister of Education – Daur Nachkebia ** Minister of Culture –

Badr Gunba Badr Gunba (born 1981) was the Minister for Culture and the Preservation of Historical and Cultural Heritage of Abkhazia from 2011 until 2014. He was appointed by newly elected President Alexander Ankvab Aleksandr Zolotinskovich Ankvab ( ; ...

** Chairman of the State Customs Committee – Said Tarkil ** Chairman of the State Committee for Management of State Property and Privatization – Konstantin Katsia ** Chairman of the State Committee for Resorts and Tourism – Tengiz Lakerbaia ** Chairman of the State Committee on Youth and Sport – Shazina Avidzba ** Chairman of the State Committee for Repatriation – Zurab Adleiba ** Chairman of the State Committee for Ecology and Nature – Roman Dbar

Legislative branch of the government of Abkhazia

People's Assembly of Abkhazia The People's Assembly — Parliament of the Republic of Abkhazia ( ab, Аҧсны Жәлар Реизара – Апарламент, ka, აფხაზეთის რესპუბლიკის სახალხო კრება, russi ...

(

unicameral Unicameralism (from ''uni''- "one" + Latin ''camera'' "chamber") is a type of legislature, which consists of one house or assembly, that legislates and votes as one. Unicameral legislatures exist when there is no widely perceived need for multi ...

)

Judicial branch of the government of Abkhazia

Court system of Abkhazia * Supreme Court of Abkhazia – highest judicial body in Abkhazia * Military Court (Abkhazia) * Arbitrary Court (Abkhazia) * Council of Justice (Abkhazia)

Foreign relations of Abkhazia

Foreign relations of Abkhazia * Diplomatic missions in Abkhazia * Diplomatic missions of Abkhazia * Abkhazia-Russia relations * Abkhazia-Nicaragua relations * Abkhazia-South Ossetia relations

International organization membership

*''none''

Law and order in Abkhazia

Law of Abkhazia *

Constitution of Abkhazia The Constitution of the Republic of Abkhazia (russian: Конститу́ция Респу́блики Абха́зия) was adopted by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Abkhazia of the 12th convocation on 26 November 1994, and by the nationa ...

* Crime in Abkhazia * Human rights in Abkhazia ** LGBT rights in Abkhazia ** Freedom of religion in Abkhazia * Law enforcement in Abkhazia

Military of Abkhazia

Military of Abkhazia The Abkhazian Armed Forces (; ) are the military forces of Abkhazia. The forces were officially created on 12 October 1992, after the outbreak of the 1992–1993 war with Georgia. The basis of the armed forces was formed by the ethnic Abkhaz N ...

* Command ** Commander-in-chief: *** Ministry of Defence of Abkhazia * Forces ** Army of Abkhazia ** Navy of Abkhazia ** Air Force of Abkhazia ** Special forces of Abkhazia * Military history of Abkhazia * Military ranks of Abkhazia

Local government in Abkhazia

History of Abkhazia

History of Abkhazia This article refers to the history of Abkhazia from its pre-historic settlement by the lower-paleolithic hunter-gatherers to the post-1992-1993 war situation. Prehistoric settlement Lower Paleolithic hunting-gathering encampments formed ...

* Timeline of the history of Abkhazia * Current events of Abkhazia * Military history of Abkhazia

Culture of Abkhazia

Culture of Abkhazia Abkhazia ( ab, Аҧсны ''Apsny,'' ''Apkhazeti'' or ''Abkhazeti, '' ''Abkhazia'') is a ''de facto'' independent, partially recognised country lying on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, its southern border. It is bordered by Russia to the nort ...

* Architecture of Abkhazia * Cuisine of Abkhazia * Festivals in Abkhazia *

Languages of Abkhazia Abkhazia, ka, აფხაზეთი, tr, , xmf, აბჟუა, abzhua, or ( or ), officially the Republic of Abkhazia, is a partially recognised state in the South Caucasus, recognised by most countries as part of Georgia, which vi ...

* Media in Abkhazia * National symbols of Abkhazia **

Emblem of Abkhazia Abkhazia is a region in the Caucuses that is under the effective control of the partially recognised self-declared Republic of Abkhazia. The ''de jure'' majority internationally recognized Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia claims to be its legiti ...

Flag of Abkhazia Abkhazia is a region in the Caucasus that is under the effective control of the partially recognised self-declared Republic of Abkhazia. The ''de jure'' majority internationally recognized Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia claims to be its legitimat ...

** National anthem of Abkhazia:

Aiaaira "" ( ab, Аиааира; "Victory") is the national anthem of the partially recognized state of Abkhazia. It was adopted in 1992. The lyrics were written by poet Gennady Alamia, and the music was composed by Valery Chkadua. History The lyrics ...

* People of Abkhazia **

Macropogones The Macropogones ( gr, Μακροπώγωνες, literally "longbeards") were an ancient people who lived in Abkhazia (and as such likely spoke a Northwest Caucasian language). Their name in Greek means "Big Beards" or "Long Beards". This is a so ...

Public holidays in Abkhazia The following is a list of public holidays in Abkhazia. The working days are marked in ''cursive''. References * {{Europe topic, Public holidays in Culture of Abkhazia Abkhazia Holidays ...

* Records of Abkhazia * Religion in Abkhazia ** Christianity in Abkhazia ** Hinduism in Abkhazia ** Islam in Abkhazia ** Judaism in Abkhazia ** Sikhism in Abkhazia * World Heritage Sites in Abkhazia: None

Art in Abkhazia

* Art in Abkhazia * Cinema of Abkhazia * Literature of Abkhazia ** Abkhaz literature * Music of Abkhazia * Television in Abkhazia * Theatre in Abkhazia

Sports in Abkhazia

Sports in Abkhazia * Football in Abkhazia * Abkhazia in the Olympics

Economy and infrastructure of Abkhazia

Economy of Abkhazia * Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): * Banking in Abkhazia ** National Bank of Abkhazia * Communications in Abkhazia ** Internet in Abkhazia * Companies of Abkhazia * Currency of Abkhazia:

Ruble The ruble (American English) or rouble (Commonwealth English) (; rus, рубль, p=rublʲ) is the currency unit of Belarus and Russia. Historically, it was the currency of the Russian Empire and of the Soviet Union. , currencies named ''rub ...

** ISO 4217: RUB * Energy in Abkhazia * Health care in Abkhazia * Transportation in Abkhazia ** Airports in Abkhazia ** Rail transport in Abkhazia ** Roads in Abkhazia

Education in Abkhazia

* Education in Abkhazia

References

External links

Abkhazia and South Ossetia maps : Georgia's rebel regions
maps Abkhazia ussr.
Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia. Official web-page

President of the Republic of Abkhazia. Official site
*
Institute for Social and Economic Research

* ttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3261059.stm BBC Regions and territories: Abkhazia
The Autonomous Republic of Abkhazeti - from Georgian National Parliamentary Library

Abkhazia.com Official website of the refugees from Abkhazia

Abkhazia and South Ossetia: Georgia's rebel regions
news portal
Archaeology and ethnography of Abkhazia. Abkhaz Institute of Social Studies. Abkhaz State Museum
{{DEFAULTSORT:Abkhazia Abkhazia Abkhazia *