Ostoria (gens)
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The gens Ostoria, occasionally written Hostoria, was a
plebeian In ancient Rome, the plebeians (also called plebs) were the general body of free Roman citizens who were not patricians, as determined by the census, or in other words " commoners". Both classes were hereditary. Etymology The precise origins of ...
family at Rome. Members of this
gens In ancient Rome, a gens ( or , ; plural: ''gentes'' ) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same Roman naming conventions#Nomen, nomen and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens was called a ''stirps'' (p ...
are first mentioned in the early years of the Empire. Although only a few of them achieved any prominence in the Roman state, many others are known from inscriptions. The most illustrious of the Ostorii was probably Publius Ostorius Scapula, who was consul during the reign of
Claudius Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (; 1 August 10 BC – 13 October AD 54) was the fourth Roman emperor, ruling from AD 41 to 54. A member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, Claudius was born to Nero Claudius Drusus, Drusu ...
, and afterward governor of Britain.''PIR'', vol. II, p. 440.


Praenomina

The main praenomina of the Ostorii were ''
Quintus Quintus is a male given name derived from '' Quintus'', a common Latin forename (''praenomen'') found in the culture of ancient Rome. Quintus derives from Latin word ''quintus'', meaning "fifth". Quintus is an English masculine given name and ...
, Publius,
Marcus Marcus, Markus, Márkus or Mărcuș may refer to: * Marcus (name), a masculine given name * Marcus (praenomen), a Roman personal name Places * Marcus, a main belt asteroid, also known as (369088) Marcus 2008 GG44 * Mărcuş, a village in Dobârl ...
,
Gaius Gaius, sometimes spelled ''Gajus'', Kaius, Cajus, Caius, was a common Latin praenomen; see Gaius (praenomen). People *Gaius (jurist) (), Roman jurist *Gaius Acilius *Gaius Antonius *Gaius Antonius Hybrida *Gaius Asinius Gallus *Gaius Asinius Pol ...
'', and '' Lucius'', which were the five most common names throughout Roman history. Only the first three are known from the family of the Ostorii Scapulae.


Branches and cognomina

The
cognomina A ''cognomen'' (; plural ''cognomina''; from ''con-'' "together with" and ''(g)nomen'' "name") was the third name of a citizen of ancient Rome, under Roman naming conventions. Initially, it was a nickname, but lost that purpose when it became here ...
of the Ostorii occurring in ancient historians were ''Sabinus'' and ''Scapula''. ''Sabinus'' refers to a Sabine, and typically indicates that the bearer was of Sabine ancestry. ''Scapula'', literally "shoulder-blade", was probably given to someone with prominent shoulders. The Scapulae were the only important family of the Ostorii, holding four consulships over the course of the first century.


Members


Ostorii Scapulae

* Quintus Ostorius Scapula, appointed by Augustus one of the first two prefects of the Praetorian Guard, in AD 2.Birley, p. 28. * Publius Ostorius Scapula, governor of Egypt during the latter part of the reign of Augustus, attested from AD 3 to 10 or 11. He was probably the brother of the praetorian prefect, and father of Publius and Quintus, consuls during the reign of
Claudius Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (; 1 August 10 BC – 13 October AD 54) was the fourth Roman emperor, ruling from AD 41 to 54. A member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, Claudius was born to Nero Claudius Drusus, Drusu ...
. * Quintus Ostorius (P. f.) Scapula, consul ''suffectus'' in AD 41. He was probably the son of the governor of Egypt, but perhaps of the praetorian prefect. * Publius Ostorius (P. f.) Scapula, consul ''suffectus'' ''circa'' AD 45, became governor of Britain the following year. He fought successfully against a number of British tribes, defeating the
Silures The Silures ( , ) were a powerful and warlike tribe or tribal confederation of ancient Britain, occupying what is now south east Wales and perhaps some adjoining areas. They were bordered to the north by the Ordovices; to the east by the Dobunn ...
, and being granted the insignia of a Roman triumph. He died before leaving office. * Marcus Ostorius P. f. Scapula, served in his father's army in Britain, and was commended for his bravery. He was consul ''suffectus ex kal. Juliis'' in AD 59. In the reign of Nero, he refused to support the accusation of maligning the emperor raised against Antistius Sosianus, but in AD 66, Sosianus accused him of conspiring against Nero. He took his own life before he could be murdered on the emperor's orders. * Marcus Ostorius Scapula, consul in AD 98, during the reign of
Nerva Nerva (; originally Marcus Cocceius Nerva; 8 November 30 – 27 January 98) was Roman emperor from 96 to 98. Nerva became emperor when aged almost 66, after a lifetime of imperial service under Nero and the succeeding rulers of the Flavian dy ...
.


Others

* Ostoria, daughter of Ostorius Euhodus and Caprilia Cassia, buried at Rome, aged fifteen years and fifteen days.. * Ostoria, mother of Ostoria and Gaius Ostorius Capitonius, buried at Capena in
Etruria Etruria () was a region of Central Italy, located in an area that covered part of what are now most of Tuscany, northern Lazio, and northern and western Umbria. Etruscan Etruria The ancient people of Etruria are identified as Etruscan civiliza ...
.. * Ostoria, daughter of Ostoria and sister of Gaius Ostorius Capitonius. * Ostoria, buried at Rome. * Ostoria S. f. Quarta, the mother of Calpurnia Ostoria Pia, buried at
Anagnia Anagni () is an ancient town and ''comune'' in the province of Frosinone, Latium, central Italy, in the hills east-southeast of Rome. It is a historical and artistic center of the Latin Valley. Geography Overview Anagni still maintains the appear ...
during the late first or early second century.. * Ostorius, a man of consular rank, was probably legate of
Cilicia Cilicia (); el, Κιλικία, ''Kilikía''; Middle Persian: ''klkyʾy'' (''Klikiyā''); Parthian: ''kylkyʾ'' (''Kilikiyā''); tr, Kilikya). is a geographical region in southern Anatolia in Turkey, extending inland from the northeastern coas ...
during the reign of Severus Alexander. * Hostorius, a freedman buried in the sepulchre of Lucius Ostorius Felix.. * Marcus Ostorius, named in an inscription from
Pompeii Pompeii (, ) was an ancient city located in what is now the ''comune'' of Pompei near Naples in the Campania region of Italy. Pompeii, along with Herculaneum and many villas in the surrounding area (e.g. at Boscoreale, Stabiae), was buried ...
. * Marcus Ostorius, mentioned in a funerary inscription from Capua. * Publius Hostorius, dedicated a monument at Rome to his children, Publius Hostorius and Hostoria Helena.. * Publius Hostorius P. f., brother of Hostoria Helena, buried at Rome. * Publius Ostorius, a boxer named in a list of gladiators found at Pompeii. * Quintus Ostirius, named in an inscription from Rome. * Spurius Ostorius, the father of Ostoria Quarta. * Ostorius Amandus, buried at
Ostia Ostia may refer to: Places *Ostia (Rome), a municipio (also called ''Ostia Lido'' or ''Lido di Ostia'') of Rome *Ostia Antica, a township and port of ancient Rome *Ostia Antica (district), a district of the commune of Rome Arts and entertainment ...
. * Ostoria P. l. Amma, freedwoman of Publius Ostorius Scapula, buried at Rome.. * Gaius Ostorius C. l. Anthimus, freedman of Gaius Ostorius Italus, buried at Puteoli in Campania.. * Ostorius Aprilis, dedicated a monument at the present site of Settecamini in Rome, to his son, Gnaeus Fresidius Marsus, who had been quaestor. The tomb dates to the second century. * Gaius Ostorius Athenio, a ''chorales'' buried at Carthage. * Ostoria Autodice, named in an inscription from Rome. * Ostoria Auxinis, a freedwoman, and the wife of Publius Octavius Chryseros, buried at Rome. * Gaius Ostorius Capitonius, son of Ostoria, and brother of Ostoria. * Ostoria Chelido, wife of the senator Ostorius Euhodianus, buried at Rome. Her monument dates to the late third or early fourth century.. * Ostorius Crysis, a freedwoman, buried in the sepulchre of Lucius Ostorius Felix. * Ostoria Dia, a freedwoman, and the wife of Gaius Julius Faustus, named in an inscription from Puteoli. * Lucius Ostorius Dionysius, named in an inscription from
Narona Narona ( grc, Ναρῶνα) was an Ancient Greek trading post on the Illyrian coast and later Roman city and bishopric, located in the Neretva valley in present-day Croatia, which remains a Latin Catholic titular see. History It was founded a ...
in
Dalmatia Dalmatia (; hr, Dalmacija ; it, Dalmazia; see #Name, names in other languages) is one of the four historical region, historical regions of Croatia, alongside Croatia proper, Slavonia, and Istria. Dalmatia is a narrow belt of the east shore of ...
. * Publius Ostorius P. f. Dorus, son of Publius Ostorius Telesphorus, buried at Rome, aged five. * Ostoria Dynamis, the mother of Publius Ostorius Ingenuus, buried at Rome.''NSA'', 1920 39. * Quintus Ostorius Epagathus, named in an inscription from Rome. * Quintus Hostorius Evangelus, husband of Marcia, buried at Rome. * Ostorius Eugraphianus, a youth buried at Novaria in
Cisalpine Gaul Cisalpine Gaul ( la, Gallia Cisalpina, also called ''Gallia Citerior'' or ''Gallia Togata'') was the part of Italy inhabited by Celts (Gauls) during the 4th and 3rd centuries BC. After its conquest by the Roman Republic in the 200s BC it was con ...
. * Ostorius Euhodianus, a
senator A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior (Latin: ''senex'' meaning "the el ...
, and consul designate during the late third or early fourth century, dedicated a monument at Rome to his wife, Ostoria Chelido. * Ostorius Euhodus, husband of Caprilia Cassia, who dedicated a monument at Rome to their daughter, Ostoria. * Ostorius Euhodus, buried at Portus. * Ostoria Eutychia, wife of Gaius Julius Similis, buried at Rome. * Ostoria Felicitas Erindinis, a child buried at Corfinium in Samnium, aged one year, ten months. Her caretakers, Aulus Vercius Auxilaris and Adauta, dedicated a monument to her. * Ostorius Felix, husband of Claudia Procula, buried at Rome. * Lucius Ostorius Felix, husband of Seppia Pyrallis, and patron of Lucius Ostorius Fortunatus, buried at Rome. * Ostoria Fortunata, buried at
Portus Portus was a large artificial harbour of Ancient Rome. Sited on the north bank of the north mouth of the Tiber, on the Tyrrhenian coast, it was established by Claudius and enlarged by Trajan to supplement the nearby port of Ostia. The archae ...
in Latium. * Ostorius Fortunatianus, one of the ''magistri quinquennales'' of the ''collegium fabrum'' at Rome, during the reign of
Maxentius Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius (c. 283 – 28 October 312) was a Roman emperor, who reigned from 306 until his death in 312. Despite ruling in Italy and North Africa, and having the recognition of the Senate in Rome, he was not recognized ...
. * Lucius Ostorius Fortunatus, dedicated a monument to his patron, Lucius Ostorius Felix, and his family. * Gaius Ostorius Galata, one of the soldiers stationed at Rome in AD 70. His commander was the centurion Gnaeus Pompeius Pelas. * Hostoria P. f. Helena, sister of Publius Hostorius, buried at Rome. * Gaius Hostorius Helenus, buried at Rome, with a monument dedicated by Gaius Hostorius Ingenuus.. * Gaius Hostorius Ingenuus, dedicated a monument at Rome to Gaius Hostorius Helenus. * Publius Ostorius Ingenuus, dedicated a monument at Rome to his mother, Ostoria Dynamis. * Gaius Ostorius Italus, dedicated a monument at Puteoli to his freedman, Gaius Ostorius Anthimus. * Gaius Ostorius Italus, made a gift to the shrine of Diana at Tibur. * Ostorius Januarius, a freedman buried in the sepulchre of Lucius Ostorius Felix. * Quintus Ostorius Q. f. Licinianus, a child buried at Rome, aged nine years, three months. * Marcus Ostorius Marcianus, dedicated a monument at Salinae in the province of Alpes Maritimae to his son, Valerius Frontinianus. * Ostoria Minatia, dedicated a monument at Carthage to her husband, Servius Icundus Cretasius, one of the municipal officials at Corfinium. * Ostoria Nike, dedicated a monument at Rome to her patron, Gaius Ostorius Successus.. * Lucius Ostorius Nice .. listed among the men of
Ostia Ostia may refer to: Places *Ostia (Rome), a municipio (also called ''Ostia Lido'' or ''Lido di Ostia'') of Rome *Ostia Antica, a township and port of ancient Rome *Ostia Antica (district), a district of the commune of Rome Arts and entertainment ...
who donated the sum of ten thousand sestertii to the emperor Septimius Severus in AD 193. * Quintus Ostorius Q. f. Ostorianus, a youth buried at Portus. * Ostoria Paezusa, concubine of Gaius Volusius Inventus, to whom she and her sons, Gaius Volusius Sabinianus and Gaius Volusius Fructus, dedicated a monument at Rome. * Gaius Ostorius Peregrinus, son of Julia Edone, buried at Rome, aged thirty-five. * Publius Ostorius P. l. Pharnaces, freedman of Publius Ostorius Scapula, buried at Rome. * Ostoria Pia, mother of Gaius Ostorius Pius, buried at Rome.. * Gaius Ostorius Pius, son of Ostoria Pia, and husband of Hisonia Nike, dedicated a monument at Rome to his mother and his wife. * Quintus Ostorius Primitivus, buried at Rome. * Ostoria Procula, dedicated a monument to her husband, Publius Aelius Felix, a freedman of the emperor
Hadrian Hadrian (; la, Caesar Trâiānus Hadriānus ; 24 January 76 – 10 July 138) was Roman emperor from 117 to 138. He was born in Italica (close to modern Santiponce in Spain), a Roman ''municipium'' founded by Italic settlers in Hispania B ...
. * Ostorius Sabinus, an
eques Eques, ''horseman'' or ''rider'' in Latin, may refer to: * Equites, a member of the Roman Equestrian order * the Latin word for a knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a head of state (including the Pope) or ...
who was richly rewarded by Nero for betraying Barea Soranus and his daughter in AD 66, receiving twelve hundred thousand
sestertii The ''sestertius'' (plural ''sestertii''), or sesterce (plural sesterces), was an ancient Roman coin. During the Roman Republic it was a small, silver coin issued only on rare occasions. During the Roman Empire it was a large brass coin. The na ...
and the insignia of a Roman
quaestor A ( , , ; "investigator") was a public official in Ancient Rome. There were various types of quaestors, with the title used to describe greatly different offices at different times. In the Roman Republic, quaestors were elected officials who ...
. * Ostoria C. f. Satria Eubulis, foster daughter of Titus Flavius Vitalis, married Decimus Fonteius Messallinus, and was the mother of Fonteia. She was buried at Rome, aged twenty-eight years, eight months, and nine days. Her monument dates from the first century. * Lucius Ostorius Secundus, buried at Torcello in the province of Venetia and Histria. * Ostoria Sexta, named in a funerary inscription from
Dalmatia Dalmatia (; hr, Dalmacija ; it, Dalmazia; see #Name, names in other languages) is one of the four historical region, historical regions of Croatia, alongside Croatia proper, Slavonia, and Istria. Dalmatia is a narrow belt of the east shore of ...
. * Ostoria Successa, the wife of Titus Flavius Ampliatus, was a priestess from Bubastis, buried at Rome. * Gaius Ostorius Successus, patron of Ostoria Nike, buried at Rome. * Publius Ostorius Telesphorus, dedicated a monument to his son, Publius Ostorius Dorus, at Rome. * Gaius Ostorius Terpons, husband of Julia, buried at Rome. * Quintus Ostorius Thia .. named in a funerary inscription from Rome. * Gaius Ostorius Tranquillianus, named in a military diploma from Pelovo in
Moesia Inferior Moesia (; Latin: ''Moesia''; el, Μοισία, Moisía) was an ancient region and later Roman province situated in the Balkans south of the Danube River, which included most of the territory of modern eastern Serbia, Kosovo, north-eastern Alban ...
, dating from AD 153, as well as some inscriptions, the origin of which is uncertain. * Quintus Ostorius Valerius, listed among the sacerdotes Augustales at Rome. * Ostoria Varilla, concubine of Acidus, buried at Rome. * Publius Ostorius Vitalio, son of Ostoria Vitalis, one of the
Seviri Augustales The Sodales or Sacerdotes Augustales (''singular'' Sodalis or Sacerdos Augustalis), or simply Augustales,Tacitus, ''Annales'' 1.54 were an order ('' sodalitas'') of Roman priests originally instituted by Tiberius to attend to the maintenance of t ...
at
Marruvium San Benedetto dei Marsi ( la, Marruvium, ; grc, Μαρούϊον, translit=Maroúïon) is a ''comune ''and town in the province of L'Aquila in the Abruzzo region of central Italy. It is on the eastern shore of the dried Lake Fucino, from the rema ...
in Samnium, where he was buried, aged twenty-three.. * Ostoria Vitalis, dedicated a monument at Marruvium to her son, Publius Ostorius Vitalio. * Marcus Ostorius Zithis, husband of Claudia Erotis, buried at Rome.


Footnotes


See also

* List of Roman gentes


References


Bibliography

* Publius Cornelius Tacitus, '' Annales'', '' De Vita et Moribus Iulii Agricolae'' (On the Life and Mores of Julius Agricola). * Lucius Cassius Dio Cocceianus ( Cassius Dio), ''Roman History''. * '' Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', William Smith, ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1849). * Theodor Mommsen ''et alii'', ''
Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum The ''Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum'' (''CIL'') is a comprehensive collection of ancient Latin inscriptions. It forms an authoritative source for documenting the surviving epigraphy of classical antiquity. Public and personal inscriptions throw ...
'' (The Body of Latin Inscriptions, abbreviated ''CIL''), Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1853–present). * Giovanni Battista de Rossi, ''Inscriptiones Christianae Urbis Romanae Septimo Saeculo Antiquiores'' (Christian Inscriptions from Rome of the First Seven Centuries, abbreviated ''ICUR''), Vatican Library, Rome (1857–1861, 1888). * ''Notizie degli Scavi di Antichità'' (News of Excavations from Antiquity, abbreviated ''NSA''), Accademia dei Lincei (1876–present). * René Cagnat ''et alii'', '' L'Année épigraphique'' (The Year in Epigraphy, abbreviated ''AE''), Presses Universitaires de France (1888–present). * George Davis Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", in ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', vol. VIII (1897). *
Paul von Rohden Paul von Rohden (12 December 1862, Barmen – 28 February 1939, Pieterlen) was a German-Swiss schoolteacher and historian known for his research in the field of prosopography. He was the son of theologian Ludwig von Rohden (1815–1889) and the bro ...
,
Elimar Klebs Elimar Klebs (15 October 1852 – 16 May 1918) was a German historian of ancient history. He was the brother of botanist Georg Klebs. Biography Klebs was born in Braunsberg (Braniewo), Prussia. He studied in Berlin under Theodor Mommsen a ...
, &
Hermann Dessau Hermann Dessau (6 April 1856, Frankfurt am Main – 12 April 1931, Berlin) was a German ancient historian and epigrapher. He is noted for a key work of textual criticism published in 1889 on the ''Historia Augusta'', which uncovered reasons to ...
, '' Prosopographia Imperii Romani'' (The Prosopography of the Roman Empire, abbreviated ''PIR''), Berlin (1898). * Hilding Thylander, ''Inscriptions du port d'Ostie'' (Inscriptions from the Port of Ostia, abbreviated ''IPOstie''), Acta Instituti Romani Regni Sueciae, Lund (1952). * '' Mnemosyne'' (1969). * Mireille Cébeillac, "Quelques inscriptions inédites d'Ostie" (Some Unedited Inscriptions from Ostia, abbreviated ''IIOstie''), in ''Mélanges d'Archéologie et d'Histoire de l'École Française de Rome'', vol. 83, pp. 39–125 (1971). * Margaret M. Roxan and Paul A. Holder, ''Roman Military Diplomas'' (abbreviated ''RMD''), London (1978–present). *
Michel Christol Michel Christol (25 October 1942, Castelnau-de-Guers) is a French historian, specialist of ancient Rome, and particularly epigraphy. Biography Born in Herault, Michel Christol attended high school in Béziers then his university studies in Mon ...
and S. Demougin
"Notes de prosopographie équestre"
in ''Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik'', vol. 57, pp. 171–178 (1984). *
Anthony R. Birley Anthony Richard Birley (8 October 1937 – 19 December 2020) was a British ancient historian, archaeologist and academic. He was the son of Margaret Isabel (Goodlet) and historian and archaeologist Eric Birley. Early life and education Anthony ...
, ''The Roman Government of Britain'', Oxford University Press (2005). {{DEFAULTSORT:Ostoria (gens) Roman gentes