Joaquim Osório Duque-Estrada (April 19, 1870 – February 5, 1927) was a Brazilian poet, essayist, journalist, literary critic and professor. He is famous for writing in 1909 a poem that would become the lyrics of the
Brazilian National Anthem in 1922.
He occupied the 17th chair of the
Brazilian Academy of Letters
The Academia Brasileira de Letras (ABL) ( English: ''Brazilian Academy of Letters'') is a Brazilian literary non-profit society established at the end of the 19th century. The first president, Machado de Assis, declared its foundation on Tue ...
from 1915 until his death in 1927.
Early life and education
Duque-Estrada was born in
Paty do Alferes
Paty do Alferes () is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, ...
, in 1870, to
Lieutenant Colonel Luís de Azeredo Coutinho Duque-Estrada and Mariana Delfim Duque-Estrada. His godfather was
Manuel Luís Osório, the
Marquess of
Herval. He was sent to the
Colégio Pedro II
Colégio Pedro II is a traditional federal public school, located in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is the third oldest active college in the country, after Ginásio Pernambucano and Atheneu Norte-Riograndense. The school was created ...
in 1882, graduating in
Letters
Letter, letters, or literature may refer to:
Characters typeface
* Letter (alphabet), a character representing one or more of the sounds used in speech; any of the symbols of an alphabet.
* Letterform, the graphic form of a letter of the alphabe ...
in 1888. Two years before, he published his first poetry book, ''Alvéolos'' (''Alveoli'').
Career
In 1887 he started to write for journals, such as ''A Cidade do Rio'', collaborating with
José do Patrocínio
José Carlos do Patrocínio (October 9, 1854 – January 29, 1905) was a Brazilian writer, journalist, activist, orator and pharmacist. He was among the most well-known proponents of the abolition of slavery in Brazil, and known as "O Tigre da Ab ...
. In 1888 he started to defend the proclamation of the Republic in Brazil, alongside
Antônio da Silva Jardim. In 1889 he moved to
São Paulo
São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for ' Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the Ga ...
in order to study at the
Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo, but would abandon the Law school in 1891 to become a diplomat. He would serve as a secretary in
Paraguay
Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to th ...
, staying there for one year.
Later abandoning the diplomatic career, he became a professor at the Colégio Pedro II, but would quit his position to dedicate himself to journalism again, working as a literary critic at the ''
Jornal do Brasil''. His articles would be compiled and published in 1924, by the name of ''Crítica e Polêmica''.
Death
He died in 1927.
Works
* ''Alvéolos'' (1886)
* ''A Aristocracia do Espírito'' (1889)
* ''Flora de Maio'' (1902)
* ''O Norte'' (1909)
* ''Anita Garibaldi'' (1911)
* ''A Arte de Fazer Versos'' (1912)
* ''Dicionário de Rimas Ricas'' (1915)
* ''A Abolição'' (1918)
* ''Crítica e Polêmica'' (1924)
External links
*
Duque-Estrada's biography at the official site of the Brazilian Academy of Letters
1870 births
1927 deaths
People from Rio de Janeiro (state)
19th-century Brazilian poets
Brazilian male poets
Brazilian diplomats
Brazilian literary critics
Brazilian journalists
Portuguese-language writers
University of São Paulo alumni
Members of the Brazilian Academy of Letters
19th-century Brazilian male writers
National anthem writers
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