Order of the Sword

The Royal Order of the Sword (officially: ''Royal Order of the Sword''; Swedish: ''Kungliga Svärdsorden'') is a Swedish order of chivalry and military decoration created by King Frederick I of Sweden on February 23, 1748, together with the Order of the Seraphim and the Order of the Polar Star. The motto of the order is in Latin: ''Pro Patria'' (which means "For Fatherland").

Awarded to officers, and originally intended as an award for bravery and particularly long or useful service, it eventually became a more or less obligatory award for military officers after a certain number of years in service. There were originally three grades, ''Knight'', ''Commander'' and ''Commander Grand Cross'', but these were later multiplied by division into classes. On 20 December 2022, the Swedish Government published a new regulation that repealed the 1974 regulation, and once again opened the Royal Orders to Swedish citizens again and reactivated the Sword Order and Vasa Order, to be in effect from 1 February 2023.

History

The order was created by King Frederick I in 1748, along with two other orders, the Order of the Seraphim and the Order of the Polar Star. In 1788, King Gustav III created two new grades of the order, which could only be bestowed in war time:

*"Knight Grand Cross First Class" – The cross is in shape similar to the Knight's cross, but as large as the Grand Cross badge and is worn on a necklet, and the star is in the shape of an upraised silver sword. It was awarded to division commanders of at least the rank of a major general for achieving a major victory in battle. Even the monarch could only wear the insignia Knight Grand Cross by the unanimous decision of his officers (e.g., Gustavus III, Charles XIII and Charles XIV John.
*"Knight Grand Cross" – The cross is in shape similar to the Knight's cross, but as large as the Grand Cross badge and is worn on a necklet, and the star is in the shape of two crossed upright silver swords.

These grades proper were only given to commissioned officers, but an affiliated decoration, the ''Svärdstecken'' ("Badge of the Sword"), introduced in 1850, was given to non-commissioned officers; one thus decorated would call himself a ''svärdsman'' ("Swordsman"). A Medal of the Sword was also introduced for enlisted men. Both the non-commissioned officers and the enlisted men had to have served for at least sixteen years to qualify for the Badge and Medal respectively.

In 1952 a special medal of distinction was added to the order. These could only be bestowed in wartime. They are the War Cross of the Order of the Sword in Gold, in Silver and in Bronze. They are worn on the same ribbon as the order and the medal consist of the cross saltire of the Order struck in gold, silver or bronze, with an upraised sword behind central medallion bearing the Swedish three crowns and in the spaces between the upper and lower arms of the cross. At the top of the points of the upper arms of the cross and of the sword is a small royal crown.

Membership of the order has not been awarded since 1975, but technically it still exists. King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden frequently wears his Commander Grand Cross necklet and badge. In 2019, a parliamentary committee was instructed to establish guidelines on how to re-introduce the Swedish orders, including the Order of the Sword, into the Swedish honours system and how Swedish citizens again can be appointed to Swedish orders. The committee presented its findings in September 2021 and the Government has declared that a bill on the subject will be presented to the Riksdag on April 19th 2022. The Bill was passed on June 15th 2022, and the Order of the Sword will be re-introduced into the Swedish honours system on 1 February 2023.

Formerly the reception of new Commanders Grand Cross took place without religious ceremonies in the royal apartments, but in the presence of the other Commanders Grand Cross of the Order, of the Knights of the Seraphim, and the Commanders Grand Cross of all the other orders. By the oath the Commander elect bound himself “to defend with life and property the Evangelical-Lutheran religion, to serve faithfully the King and the country, and to combat courageously against the foes of the country.” When a foreigner was elected a Commander of the Grand Cross, the insignia were sent to him abroad, while he, in his turn, transmitted to the archives of the Order a statement of the services rendered by him.

Grades

The Order of the Sword in peacetime had five classes:

* ''Commander Grand Cross'' – wears the badge on a collar (chain) or on a sash on the right shoulder, plus the star on the left chest;
* ''Commander 1st Class'' – wears the badge on a necklet, plus the star on the left chest;
* ''Commander'' – wears the badge on a necklet;
* ''Knight 1st Class'' – wears the badge on a ribbon on the left chest;
* ''Knight'' – wears the badge on a ribbon on the left chest;

Knight of the Grand Cross

In 1788 King Gustaf III, during the Russo-Swedish War, instituted another class of the order that could only be bestowed in wartime and only to senior officers whose conduct had had a significant effect on the war. Not even the King of Sweden can wear the decoration until a "Swedish army under His command has been victorious, either through combat or conquest". The special class is called ''Knight of the Grand Cross''. The breast star is in the shape of an upright sword, and is worn on the left pocket and the badge is worn around the neck.

File:Riddare med stora korset av Svärdsorden.png, Badge
File:RmstkSO1kl c.jpg, Breast star
File:RmstSO1kl.png, Ribbon

Medals and badges

The order also encompasses two medals;
*''Badge of the Sword'' (Svärdstecknet) – reserved for Non-commissioned officers
*''Medal of the Sword'' (Svärdsmedaljen) – reserved for enlisted men
Both medals are worn on a ribbon on the left chest.

File:Svärdsmealjen AM.063733.jpg, Medal of the Sword, with the inscription ''Konung och Fädernesland'' (King and Country)
File:Svärdstecknet.jpg, Badge of the Sword.

Insignia and habit

The ''badge'' of the Order is a white enamelled Maltese Cross in saltire (i.e. "X" shaped), in silver for Knight class and in gold for the Knight 1st Class and above; gold open crowns appeared between the arms of the cross. The obverse central medallion bears an upright gold sword between three gold crowns on a blue enamelled background; the reverse central medallion has an upright gold sword intersecting a gold laurel wreath, and the Latin legend "Pro Patria" (For Fatherland) on a blue enamelled background. A pair of crossed gold swords in blue enamelled scabbards with downward turned blades lie across the opening between the upper arms of the cross at the top of the badge. In addition the badges of the two highest classes also have an upright similar gold and blue sword across the openings at the sides of the cross and an identical pair of crossed gold and blue swords with downwards turned blades across the opening between the lower arms of the cross at the bottom of the badge, the pairs of crossed swords are each tied together and the side swords are bound to the cross by a single gold ribbon which crosses the arms of the cross from behind. The badge hanged from a gold and enamelled royal crown.

*The ''collar'' of the Order is of gold in the form of eleven gold swords in blue enamelled scabbards with gold belts connected by gold chains and alternating with eleven gold ''pelte'' shields each bearing a blue enamelled helmet .
*The ''star'' of the Order is a silver Maltese Cross, the central medallion bearing the same upright sword between three gold crowns on a blue enamelled background as the badge. The star of the Grand Cross also has golden crowns over short silver triangular rays between the arms of the cross.
*The ''ribbon'' of the Order is yellow with blue stripes near its borders (i. e., the Swedish national colours).

Formerly the Order also had a distinctive blue and yellow habit worn on formal occasions such as at chapters of the Order. The habit included yellow trousers, a yellow knee length coat with blue shoulder tabs and a yellow girdle, each bordered in blue, blue mantle lined with blue satin and a blue shoulder sash with a gold fringe. The star of the Order was embroidered over the left breast of both the coat and the mantle. A black top hat with gold hat band and a plume of white ostrich and black egret feathers and a pair of black boots with gilded spurs completed the habit. The collar of the Order was worn over the shoulders of the coat.

Insignia of the medals

*The ''Badge of the Sword'' is similar to the knight's silver badge of the Order. The front central medallion is enamelled but the arms of the cross have no white enamel nor is the back of this badge enamelled.
*The ''Medal of the Sword'' is of also of silver and round with a royal crown on it upper side. The Medal bears the sword and three crown of the badge of the Order surrounded by a band with the Swedish words, "Konung och Fädernesland" (King and Fatherland).

Gallery

File:Order of the Sword grand cross badge sash (Sweden) - Tallinn Museum of Orders.jpg, Grand Cross badge and sash.
File:SE Commander's cross and star of the Order of the Sword.jpg, Commander 1st Class set of insignia.
File:Order of the Sword Commander set.png, Commander grade.
File:Order of the Sword Commander.png, Commander grade set of insignia.
File:Order of the Sword Commander badge.png, Badge of a Commanders class.
File:Order of the Sword Commander reverse.png, Reverse of Commanders class.
File:Order of the Sword - Royal Castle in Stockholm.JPG, Various grades of the order, on display in the Royal Palace of Stockholm.

See also

* För tapperhet i fält
* Orders, decorations, and medals of Sweden

References

*Nordisk familjebok, vol. 2

*''Orders and Decorations of Europe in Color'' by Paul Hieronymussen and protographed by Aage Struwing; English translation by Christine Crowley. The MacMillan Company. New York, 1967. Originally published as ''Europaeiske Ordner I Faever'' @ Politikens Forlag, 1966. Color plates # 21-27; text pp. 125–126.
*'The Orders of Chivalry from the Original Statutes of the Various Orders of Knighthood and other Sources of Information'' by J. H. Lawrence-Archer. London: W. H. Allen and Company, 13 Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, S. W. Publishers to the India Office. 1887.
* Per Nordenvall, ''Kungliga Serafimerorden 1748–1998''. Stockholm : Kungl. Maj:ts orden, 1998.
* Royal Court of Sweden, www.royalcourt.se
*''Orders and Decorations of Europe in Color'' by Paul Hieronymussen and protographed by Aage Struwing; English translation by Christine Crowley. The MacMillan Company. New York, 1967. Originally published as ''Europaeiske Ordner I Faever'' @ Politikens Forlag, 1966. Color plates # 28-32; text pp. 126–127.

Footnotes

External links

Swedish Royal Court: Orders and medals

{{DEFAULTSORT:Order Of The Sword
Order of the Sword,
Awards established in 1748