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The Orchidoideae, or the orchidoid orchids, are a subfamily of the orchid family (
This cosmopolitan tribe comprises 8 currently accepted subtribes. Molecular evidence suggests that the former Chloraeeae are sister to the rest of the Cranichideae. As such, the Chloraeeae are now considered a subtribe of the Cranichideae. Moreover, based on morphological and genetic evidence, the genus ''
Once divided into the Orchidinae and Habenariinae (a nonsystematic paraphyletic splitting), the Orchideae now comprise 6 subtribes. Along with previous molecular studies, Chase et al's 2015 analysis confirmed that Diseae was a polyphyletic grouping. Consequently, the former subtribes of Diseae have been redistributed within the Orchideae (for instance, '' Satyrium'' is now classified in the Orchidinae). In his 2015 study Chase recommended further study of historically problematic genera in the former Diseae such as '' Huttonaea and Pachites.'' Further molecular analysis by Chen et al. in 2017 led to the following reorganization:
* Acianthinae (monophyletic)
*
Orchidaceae
Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant.
Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of flowerin ...
) that contains around 3630 species. Species typically have a single ( monandrous), fertile anther
The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10
Morphology and terminology
A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filam ...
which is erect and basitonic.
Description
The subfamily Orchidoideae and the previously recognized subfamily Spiranthoideae are considered the closest allies in the natural group of the monandrous orchids because of several generally shared characters: * a shared terrestrial habit *sectile
Sectility is the ability of a mineral to be cut into thin pieces with a knife. Minerals that are not sectile will be broken into rougher pieces when cut. Metals and paper are sectile.
Sectility can be used to distinguish minerals of similar appea ...
(capable of being severed) or granular pollinia
*erect anthers.
Taxonomy
Phylogeny of the Orchidoideae is volatile and still subject to change. Historically, the Orchidoideae have been partitioned into up to 6tribes
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confli ...
, including Orchideae, Diseae
Diseae is an orchid tribe in the subfamily Orchidoideae.. (See ''External links'' below). It was recognized in ''Genera Orchidacearum'' volume 2, which was published in 2001. It consisted of 12 genera in five subtribes. In molecular phylogenetic ...
, Cranichideae, Chloraeeae, Diurideae
Diurideae is a tribe of orchid in the subfamily Orchidoideae. It contains about 40 accepted genera. , its division into subtribes remained unclear.
Genera
Chase et al. (2015) accepted the following genera. Some have since been combined.
*''Acia ...
, and Codonorchideae
''Codonorchis'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. There are two known species:
*'' Codonorchis canisioi'' Mansf. - Brazil (State of Rio Grande do Sul)
*'' Codonorchis lessonii'' (d'Urv.) Lindl. - Argentina, ...
. However, the most recent molecular phylogenetics
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...
analysis led by Chase et al. in 2015 and subsequently by Chen et al. in 2017 indicates that the Orchidoideae should be split into 4 tribes: the Orchideae, Cranichideae, Diurideae, and Codonorchideae.
Codonorchideae
''Codonorchis'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. There are two known species:
*'' Codonorchis canisioi'' Mansf. - Brazil (State of Rio Grande do Sul)
*'' Codonorchis lessonii'' (d'Urv.) Lindl. - Argentina, ...
This monophyletic tribe consists of only one genus, ''Codonorchis
''Codonorchis'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. There are two known species:
*'' Codonorchis canisioi'' Mansf. - Brazil (State of Rio Grande do Sul)
*'' Codonorchis lessonii'' (d'Urv.) Lindl. - Argentina, ...
'', found in South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the sou ...
.
Discyphus
''Discyphus'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is the only genus in the subtribe Discyphinae of the tribe Cranichideae
Cranichideae is an orchid tribe in the subfamily Orchidoideae.
See also
* Taxono ...
'' was elevated out of the Spiranthinae to form its own monophyletic subtribe, the Discyphinae.
Diurideae
Diurideae is a tribe of orchid in the subfamily Orchidoideae. It contains about 40 accepted genera. , its division into subtribes remained unclear.
Genera
Chase et al. (2015) accepted the following genera. Some have since been combined.
*''Acia ...
The Diurideae, an predominantly Australasian tribe, retain their previous subtribal organization and comprise 9 taxa:
* Acianthinae (monophyletic)
* Caladeniinae
Caladeniinae is an orchid subtribe in the tribe Diurideae.
See also
* Taxonomy of the Orchidaceae
The taxonomy of the Orchidaceae ( orchid family) has evolved slowly during the last 250 years, starting with Carl Linnaeus who in 1753 recognize ...
(polyphyletic)
* Cryptostylidinae (monophyletic)
* Diuridinae (monophyletic)
* Drakaeinae (monophyletic)
* Megastylidinae (monophyletic)
* Prasophyllinae (monophyletic)
* Rhizanthellinae (monophyletic)
* Thelymitrinae (monophyletic)
References
* Pridgeon, A.M., P.J. Cribb, M.W. Chase and F.N. Rasmussen ds. 2003. Genera Orchidacearum vol. 3: Orchidoideae part 2, Vanilloideae. Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K. * Salazar, G.A., M.W. Chase, M.A. Soto Arenas and M. Ingrouille. 2003. Phylogenetics of Cranichideae with emphasis on Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae, Orchidoideae): evidence from plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. ''American Journal of Botany'' 90: 777-795. * Salazar, G.A., L.I. Cabrera, S. Madriñán and M.W. Chase. 2009. Phylogenetic relationships of Cranichidinae and Prescottiinae (Orchidaceae, Cranichideae) inferred from plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. ''Annals of Botany'' 104: 403-416External links
{{Taxonbar, from=Q132369 Orchidoideae, Asparagales subfamilies