Olenegorsk Radar Station (also described as Olenegorsk-1 ( rus, Оленегорск-1) or Murmansk) is the site of a

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nation ...

and

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...

early warning radar An early-warning radar is any radar system used primarily for the long-range detection of its targets, i.e., allowing defences to be alerted as ''early'' as possible before the intruder reaches its target, giving the air defences the maximum t ...

. It is located near Olenegorsk on the

Kola Peninsula sjd, Куэлнэгк нёа̄ррк , image_name= Kola peninsula.png , image_caption= Kola Peninsula as a part of Murmansk Oblast , image_size= 300px , image_alt= , map_image= Murmansk in Russia.svg , map_caption = Location of Murmansk Oblas ...

, north of the Arctic Circle in north west Russia. It is considered to be a key part of the Russian early warning system against ballistic missile attack, and provides coverage of ballistic missile launches in the

Norwegian Sea The Norwegian Sea ( no, Norskehavet; is, Noregshaf; fo, Norskahavið) is a marginal sea, grouped with either the Atlantic Ocean or the Arctic Ocean, northwest of Norway between the North Sea and the Greenland Sea, adjoining the Barents Sea to ...

and

North Sea The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Norway, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. An epeiric sea, epeiric sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the Atlantic Ocean through the English Channel in the south and the ...

. The station is operated by the

Russian Aerospace Defence Forces The Russian Aerospace Defence Forces (VVKO) ( rus, Войска воздушно-космической обороны (ВВКО), Voyska vozdushno-kosmicheskoy oborony (VVKO)) was a branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation respons ...

. The military town for the station is called Olenegorsk-1 and is at the village of Protoki ( rus, Протоки). The station is east of Olenya airbase and east of Olenegorsk. to the south east there was a military

tropospheric scatter Tropospheric scatter, also known as troposcatter, is a method of communicating with microwave radio signals over considerable distances – often up to and further depending on frequency of operation, equipment type, terrain, and climate fact ...

radio relay station.

Radar

Olenegorsk was the site of one of the first two early warning radars in the Soviet Union, the other being at Skrunda-1. The Dnestr-M radar ( NATO codename: "Hen House") was started in 1963 and completed in 1969, entering service in 1971. A Daugava radar (NATO codename:"Pechora") was later built next to it. This is a prototype Daryal receiver, a phased array receiver which worked with the Dnestr acting as a transmitter. The Daugava, which is still operational, was implemented in Olenegorsk to minimise interference caused by the Northern Lights.

Voronezh

It is planned to replace the Dnestr-M/Daugava radars at Olenegorsk with the new generation of Russian early warning radar systems, the

Voronezh Voronezh ( rus, links=no, Воро́неж, p=vɐˈronʲɪʂ}) is a city and the administrative centre of Voronezh Oblast in southwestern Russia straddling the Voronezh River, located from where it flows into the Don River. The city sits on ...

radar. According to news reports a new Voronezh radar will start construction in 2017, replacing both existing radars.

References

{{reflist, 2, colwidth=33em, refs= {{Cite web , url = http://www.ww2.dk/new/pvo/radar/57ortu.htm , title = 57th independent Radio-Technical Unit , access-date = 2012-04-08 , first = Michael , last = Holm , year = 2011 , publisher = Soviet Armed Forces 1945–1991 , archive-date = 2015-10-07 , archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151007160531/http://www.ww2.dk/new/pvo/radar/57ortu.htm , url-status = live {{Cite web , url = https://www.panoramio.com/photo/58798723 , title = РЛС "Днестр" – "Днепр-М" (actually is Daugava left) , trans-title = Radar Dnestr-Dnepr-M , language = ru , access-date = 2012-01-29 , author = SityShooter , year = 2011 , archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924142918/http://www.panoramio.com/photo/58798723 , archive-date = 2015-09-24 , url-status = dead {{Cite web , url = http://www.trrlsever.org/SEVER/KANVA/kanva.html , script-title = ru:ТРОПОСФЕРНАЯ РАДИОРЕЛЕЙНАЯ СТАНЦИЯ 3/3500 , trans-title = Tropospheric Radio Relay Stations 3/3500 , language = ru , access-date = 2012-04-09 , year = 2011 , archive-date = 2011-10-20 , archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111020203736/http://trrlsever.org/SEVER/KANVA/kanva.html , url-status = live {{Cite journal , first = Pavel , last = Podvig , year = 2002 , title = History and the Current Status of the Russian Early-Warning System , journal = Science and Global Security , volume = 10 , pages = 21–60 , issn = 0892-9882 , doi = 10.1080/08929880212328 , bibcode = 2002S&GS...10...21P , url = http://iis-db.stanford.edu/pubs/20734/Podvig-S&GS.pdf , url-status = dead , archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120315024323/http://iis-db.stanford.edu/pubs/20734/Podvig-S%26GS.pdf , archive-date = 2012-03-15 , citeseerx = 10.1.1.692.6127 , s2cid = 122901563 {{Cite journal , first = A , last = Karpenko , year = 1999 , title = ABM AND SPACE DEFENSE , journal = Nevsky Bastion , volume = 4 , pages = 2–47 , url = http://www.fas.org/spp/starwars/program/soviet/990600-bmd-rus.htm , access-date = 2012-04-09 , archive-date = 2013-01-28 , archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130128063930/http://www.fas.org/spp/starwars/program/soviet/990600-bmd-rus.htm , url-status = live {{Cite web , url = https://www.panoramio.com/photo/11679437 , script-title = ru:СПРН , trans-title = SPRN (early warning) , language = ru , access-date = 2012-01-08 , author = Shko , year = 2008 , archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131006025345/http://www.panoramio.com/photo/11679437 , archive-date = 2013-10-06 , url-status = dead {{Cite web , url = http://lenta.ru/news/2011/12/12/modernize/ , script-title = ru:Модернизация радаров СПРН в Северо-Западном округе начнется в 2015 году , trans-title = Upgrading early warning radars in the Northwest District will begin in 2015 , language = ru , access-date = 2012-01-09 , date = 2011-12-12 , publisher = Lenta.ru , archive-date = 2012-07-13 , archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120713004211/http://lenta.ru/news/2011/12/12/modernize/ , url-status = live

External links

Photo of the radars – Daugava left, Dnepr right
Russian Space Forces Russian and Soviet military radars Military installations of Russia Military installations of the Soviet Union Murmansk Oblast