was a Japanese

samurai were the hereditary military nobility and officer caste of medieval and early-modern Japan from the late 12th century until their abolition in 1876. They were the well-paid retainers of the '' daimyo'' (the great feudal landholders). They ...

warlord A warlord is a person who exercises military, economic, and political control over a region in a country without a strong national government; largely because of coercive control over the armed forces. Warlords have existed throughout much of h ...

of the late

Heian The Japanese word Heian (平安, lit. "peace") may refer to: * Heian period, an era of Japanese history * Heian-kyō, the Heian-period capital of Japan that has become the present-day city of Kyoto * Heian series, a group of karate kata (forms) * ...

and early

Kamakura period The is a period of Japanese history that marks the governance by the Kamakura shogunate, officially established in 1192 in Kamakura by the first ''shōgun'' Minamoto no Yoritomo after the conclusion of the Genpei War, which saw the struggle b ...

. He is best known as the founder of

Ogasawara clan The was a Japanese samurai clan descended from the Seiwa Genji.Papinot, Jacques. (2003)''Nobiliare du Japon'' – Ogasawara, pp. 44–45 Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). ''Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon.'' (in Fren ...

. The history of ''

kyūdō ''Kyūdō'' ( ja, 弓道) is the Japanese martial art of archery. Kyūdō is based on '' kyūjutsu'' ("art of archery"), which originated with the samurai class of feudal Japan. In 1919, the name of kyūjutsu was officially changed to kyūdō, a ...

'' (Japanese archery) begins with this martial arts master.

Life

Nagakiyo was born on March 5, 1162 in Ogasawara, Koma, Kai Province (within present-day Hokuto,

Yamanashi Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshu. Yamanashi Prefecture has a population of 817,192 (1 January 2019) and has a geographic area of 4,465 km2 (1,724 sq mi). Yamanashi Prefecture borders Saitama Prefecture to the ...

) at the mansion of Ogasawa Manor as the second son of Kagami Tōmitsu. His father Tōmitsu served

Emperor Takakura was the 80th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1168 through 1180. Genealogy Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (his ''imina'') was Norihito''-shi ...

as an Inner Palace guard (''takiguchi no musha''). Nagakiyo was the grandson of Takeda Kiyomitsu (1110-1168), and the great-grandson of

Minamoto no Yoshikiyo Minamoto no Yoshikiyo (源義清; 1075?–1149?) was a samurai warlord of the late Heian period. He was the son of Minamoto no Yoshimitsu, who was son of the '' Chinjufu-shōgun'' Minamoto no Yoriyoshi, and brother of famous Minamoto no Yoshiie ...

(1075-1149). His eldest brother, Mitsutomo, served the

Taira clan The Taira was one of the four most important clans that dominated Japanese politics during the Heian, Kamakura and Muromachi Periods of Japanese history – the others being the Fujiwara, the Tachibana, and the Minamoto. The clan is divide ...

and Kiso Yoshinaka, but Nagakiyo served

Minamoto no Yoritomo was the founder and the first shogun of the Kamakura shogunate of Japan, ruling from 1192 until 1199.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Minamoto no Yoriie" in . He was the husband of Hōjō Masako who acted as regent (''shikken'') after his ...

and founded the Ogasawara clan. In ''

Azuma Kagami is a Japanese historical chronicle. The medieval text chronicles events of the Kamakura Shogunate from Minamoto no Yoritomo's rebellion against the Taira clan in Izokuni of 1180 to Munetaka Shinnō (the 6th shōgun) and his return to Kyoto in 12 ...

'', Nagakiyo begins to call himself Ogasawara after 1184. However, until 1195, Kagami and Ogasawara are in mixed use. The name Ogasawara in Koma is known in two places in Yamanashi Prefecture. Nagakiyo's territory of Ogasawara was either the Hara-Ogasawara Manor in present-day Ogasawara, Minami-Alps, or the Yama-Ogasawara Manor in present-day Akeno, Hokuto. There was controversy among researchers as to which one of the two places Nagakiyo's territory of Ogasawara was located in it, but research on ancient documents suggests that the former (Yama-Ogasawara in present-day Akeno, Hokuto) is correct. When Tōmitsu became the ''kokushi'' governor of

Shinano Province or is an old province of Japan that is now Nagano Prefecture. Shinano bordered on Echigo, Etchū, Hida, Kai, Kōzuke, Mikawa, Mino, Musashi, Suruga, and Tōtōmi Provinces. The ancient capital was located near modern-day Matsumoto, w ...

, and Nagakiyo became the ''

jitō were medieval territory stewards in Japan, especially in the Kamakura and Muromachi shogunates. Appointed by the ''shōgun'', ''jitō'' managed manors including national holdings governed by the provincial governor ( kokushi). There were also ...

'' (territory steward) of Tomono Manor in Shinano, Nagakiyo received a reminder of unpaid taxes from

Emperor Go-Shirakawa was the 77th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His de jure reign spanned the years from 1155 through 1158, though arguably he effectively maintained imperial power for almost thirty-seven years through the ''ins ...

through Minamoto no Yoritomo. Nagakiyo became the ''dai-shogun'' (great general) of

Tōsandō is a Japanese geographical term. It means both an ancient division of the country and the main road running through it. It is part of the ''Gokishichidō'' system. It was situated along the central mountains of northern Honshu, specifically th ...

during the

Jōkyū War , also known as the Jōkyū Disturbance or the Jōkyū Rebellion, was fought in Japan between the forces of Retired Emperor Go-Toba and those of the Hōjō clan, regents of the Kamakura shogunate, whom the retired emperor was trying to overthrow ...

in 1221, and fought against the ''

kugyō is the collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre- Meiji eras. The term generally referred to the and court officials and denoted a court rank between First Rank and Third Rank un ...

'' (court nobles), who were against the shogunate. He defeated the ''kugyō'' forces in the territory of Inatsumi Manor, Osemura. In 1194, when Minamoto no Yoritomo ordered his ''

gokenin A was initially a vassal of the shogunate of the Kamakura and the Muromachi periods.Iwanami Kōjien, "Gokenin" In exchange for protection and the right to become '' jitō'' (manor's lord), a ''gokenin'' had in times of peace the duty to protect ...

'' the gathering of timber and the creation of statues for the reconstruction of Tōdai-ji Temple, Nagakiyo was in charge of the

Vaiśravaṇa (Sanskrit: वैश्रवण) or (Pali; , , ja, 毘沙門天, Bishamonten, ko, 비사문천, Bisamuncheon, vi, Đa Văn Thiên Vương), is one of the Four Heavenly Kings, and is considered an important figure in Buddhism. Names The n ...

statue. In 1216, Nagakiyo asked

Minamoto no Sanetomo was the third ''shōgun'' of the Kamakura shogunate. He was the second son of the Kamakura shogunate founder, Minamoto no Yoritomo. His mother was Hōjō Masako and his older brother was second Kamakura shogun Minamoto no Yoriie. His childhood ...

permission for the construction of Yoritomo's

Bodhi The English term enlightenment is the Western translation of various Buddhist terms, most notably bodhi and vimutti. The abstract noun ''bodhi'' (; Sanskrit: बोधि; Pali: ''bodhi''), means the knowledge or wisdom, or awakened intellec ...

-devoted Goganji Temple, and was given permission. Nagakiyo died on July 15, 1242 at the age of 81.

Genealogy

Nagakiyo's descendants laid the foundation for Shinano's

centered in Banno Manor and Oi Manor, and the clan members came to be known as masters of horse-riding. Nagakiyo's sixth generation descendant,

Ogasawara Sadamune {{Use dmy dates, date=November 2019 {{Nihongo, Ogasawara Sadamune, 小笠原貞宗, , 1294–1350 was a Japanese nobleman and a major figure in the formation of the Ogasawara-ryū. A close ally of Ashikaga Takauji, Ogasawara was placed in charge ...

, founded the way of

mounted archery A horse archer is a cavalryman armed with a bow and able to shoot while riding from horseback. Archery has occasionally been used from the backs of other riding animals. In large open areas, it was a highly successful technique for hunting, f ...

, which became the family art. His archery school became known as Ogasawara-ryū.

Family

* Father: Kagami Tōmitsu * Mother: Sugimoto Yoshimune's daughter * Siblings: ** Brother: Akiyama Mitsutomo ** Brother: Nanbu Mitsuyuki ** Brother: Kagami Mitsutsune ** Sister: Daini-no-tsubone * First wife: Kazusa Hirotsune's daughter * Second wife: Fujiwara no Kunitsuna's daughter * Children: ** Son: Ogasawara Nagatsune ** Son: Tomono Tokinaga ** Son: Ōi Tomomitsu

Martial arts master

Nagakiyo was a

martial arts Martial arts are codified systems and traditions of combat practiced for a number of reasons such as self-defense; military and law enforcement applications; competition; physical, mental, and spiritual development; entertainment; and the preser ...

tutor of

.Sinclaire, Clive. (2004)
''Samurai: The Weapons And Spirit Of The Japanese Warrior,'' p. 123
During the

, Nagakiyo's skills and training methods were passed on to his son, Ogasawara Nagatsune.

References

External links

Ogasawara Nagakiyo at Ogasawara-ryu.gr.jp
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ogasawara, Nagakiyo 1162 births 1242 deaths Ogasawara clan