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Pre-1600

* 33 – Heartbroken by the deaths of her sons
Nero Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( ; born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; 15 December AD 37 – 9 June AD 68), was the fifth Roman emperor and final emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, reigning from AD 54 unti ...
and
Drusus Drusus may refer to: * Claudius (Tiberius Claudius Drusus) (10 BC–AD 54), Roman emperor from 41 to 54 * Drusus Caesar (AD 8–33), adoptive grandson of Roman emperor Tiberius * Drusus Julius Caesar (14 BC–AD 23), son of Roman emperor Tiberiu ...
, and banished to the island of
Pandateria Ventotene (; locally ; la, Pandataria or , from grc, Πανδατερία, Pandatería, or ) is one of the Pontine Islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea, off the coast of Gaeta right at the border between Lazio and Campania, Italy. The municipality o ...
by
Tiberius Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus (; 16 November 42 BC – 16 March AD 37) was the second Roman emperor. He reigned from AD 14 until 37, succeeding his stepfather, the first Roman emperor Augustus. Tiberius was born in Rome in 42 BC. His father ...
,
Agrippina the Elder Agrippina "the Elder" (also, in Latin, , "Germanicus's Agrippina"; – AD 33) was a prominent member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. She was the daughter of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa (a close supporter of the first Roman emperor, Augustus) a ...
dies of self-inflicted starvation. * 320
Pappus of Alexandria Pappus of Alexandria (; grc-gre, Πάππος ὁ Ἀλεξανδρεύς; AD) was one of the last great Greek mathematicians of antiquity known for his ''Synagoge'' (Συναγωγή) or ''Collection'' (), and for Pappus's hexagon theorem i ...
, Greek philosopher, observes an
eclipse of the Sun A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby obscuring the view of the Sun from a small part of the Earth, totally or partially. Such an alignment occurs during an eclipse season, approximately every six month ...
and writes a commentary on ''The Great Astronomer'' ('' Almagest''). *
614 __NOTOC__ Year 614 ( DCXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 614 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era ...
– King
Chlothar II Chlothar II, sometime called "the Young" (French: le Jeune), (May/June 584 – 18 October 629), was king of Neustria and king of the Franks, and the son of Chilperic I and his third wife, Fredegund. He started his reign as an infant under the ...
promulgates the
Edict of Paris The Edict of Paris was promulgated 18 October 614 (or perhaps 615) in Paris by Chlothar II, the Merovingian king of the Franks. It is one of the most important royal instruments of the Merovingian period in Frankish history and a hallmark in the ...
(''Edictum Chlotacharii''), a sort of Frankish Magna Carta that defends the rights of the
Frankish Frankish may refer to: * Franks, a Germanic tribe and their culture ** Frankish language or its modern descendants, Franconian languages * Francia, a post-Roman state in France and Germany * East Francia, the successor state to Francia in Germany ...
nobles while it excludes Jews from all civil employment in the
Frankish Kingdom Francia, also called the Kingdom of the Franks ( la, Regnum Francorum), Frankish Kingdom, Frankland or Frankish Empire ( la, Imperium Francorum), was the largest post-Roman barbarian kingdom in Western Europe. It was ruled by the Franks duri ...
. *
629 __NOTOC__ Year 629 ( DCXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 629 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era ...
Dagobert I Dagobert I ( la, Dagobertus; 605/603 – 19 January 639 AD) was the king of Austrasia (623–634), king of all the Franks (629–634), and king of Neustria and Burgundy (629–639). He has been described as the last king of the Merovingian dyna ...
is crowned King of the Franks. *
1009 Year 1009 ( MIX) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * February 14 or March 9 – The first known mention is made of the name of Lithuania, in connection with the murder of Bruno ...
– The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in
Jerusalem Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...
, is completely destroyed by the
Fatimid caliph This is a list of an Arab dynasty, the Shi'ite caliphs of the Fatimid dynasty (909–1171). The Shi'ite caliphs were also regarded at the same time as the imams of the Isma'ili branch of Shi'a Islam. Family tree of Fatimid caliphs ...
Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, who hacks the Church's foundations down to bedrock. * 1016 – The
Danes Danes ( da, danskere, ) are a North Germanic ethnic group and nationality native to Denmark and a modern nation identified with the country of Denmark. This connection may be ancestral, legal, historical, or cultural. Danes generally regard t ...
defeat the
English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...
in the
Battle of Assandun The Battle of Assandun (or Essendune) was fought between Danish and English armies on 18 October 1016. There is disagreement whether Assandun may be Ashdon near Saffron Walden in north Essex, England, or, as long supposed and better evidenc ...
. *
1081 Year 1081 ( MLXXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * April 1 – Emperor Nikephoros III is forced to abdicate the throne, and ...
– The
Normans The Normans (Norman language, Norman: ''Normaunds''; french: Normands; la, Nortmanni/Normanni) were a population arising in the medieval Duchy of Normandy from the intermingling between Norsemen, Norse Viking settlers and indigenous West Fran ...
defeat the
Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...
in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. * 1281
Pope Martin IV Pope Martin IV ( la, Martinus IV; c. 1210/1220 – 28 March 1285), born Simon de Brion, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 22 February 1281 to his death on 28 March 1285. He was the last French pope to have ...
excommunicates King
Peter III of Aragon Peter III of Aragon ( November 1285) was King of Aragon, King of Valencia (as ), and Count of Barcelona (as ) from 1276 to his death. At the invitation of some rebels, he conquered the Kingdom of Sicily and became King of Sicily in 1282, pres ...
for usurping the crown of Sicily (a sentence renewed on 7 May and 18 November 1282). * 1356
Basel earthquake The 1356 Basel earthquake is the most significant seismological event to have occurred in Central Europe in recorded history and had a moment magnitude in the range of 6.0–7.1.Basel , french: link=no, Bâlois(e), it, Basilese , neighboring_municipalities= Allschwil (BL), Hégenheim (FR-68), Binningen (BL), Birsfelden (BL), Bottmingen (BL), Huningue (FR-68), Münchenstein (BL), Muttenz (BL), Reinach (BL), Riehen (BS ...
, Switzerland. * 1540 – Spanish conquistador Hernando de Soto's forces destroy the fortified town of
Mabila Mabila (also spelled Mavila, Mavilla, Maubila, or Mauvilla, as influenced by Spanish or French transliterations) was a small fortress town known to the paramount chief Tuskaloosa in 1540, in a region of present-day central Alabama. The exact loc ...
in present-day
Alabama (We dare defend our rights) , anthem = "Alabama (state song), Alabama" , image_map = Alabama in United States.svg , seat = Montgomery, Alabama, Montgomery , LargestCity = Huntsville, Alabama, Huntsville , LargestCounty = Baldwin County, Al ...
, killing
Tuskaloosa Tuskaloosa (''Tuskalusa'', ''Tastaluca'', ''Tuskaluza'') (died 1540) was a paramount chief of a Mississippian chiefdom in what is now the U.S. state of Alabama. His people were possibly ancestors to the several southern Native American confeder ...
. * 1561 – In
Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
the fourth
Battle of Kawanakajima The were a series of battles fought in the Sengoku period of Japan between Takeda Shingen of Kai Province and Uesugi Kenshin of Echigo Province from 1553 to 1564. Shingen and Kenshin contested each other for control of the plain of Kawanaka ...
is fought between the forces of
Uesugi Kenshin , later known as was a Japanese ''daimyō''. He was born in Nagao clan, and after adoption into the Uesugi clan, ruled Echigo Province in the Sengoku period of Japan. He was one of the most powerful ''daimyō'' of the Sengoku period. Known a ...
and
Takeda Shingen , of Kai Province, was a pre-eminent ''daimyō'' in feudal Japan. Known as the "Tiger of Kai", he was one of the most powerful daimyō with exceptional military prestige in the late stage of the Sengoku period. Shingen was a warlord of great ...
, resulting in a draw. *
1565 __NOTOC__ Year 1565 ( MDLXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 3 – In the Tsardom of Russia, Ivan the Terrible originates the opr ...
– Ships belonging to the Matsura clan of Japan fail to capture the Portuguese trading carrack in the
Battle of Fukuda Bay The in 1565 was the first recorded naval battle between Europeans (the Portuguese) and the Japanese. A flotilla of samurai under the '' daimyō'' Matsura Takanobu attacked two Portuguese trade vessels that had shunned Matsura's port in Hirado ...
, the first recorded naval battle between Japan and the West. * 1597King Philip II of Spain send his third and final armada against England, but ends in failure due to storms. The remaining ships are captured or sunk by the English. * 1599
Michael the Brave Michael the Brave ( ro, Mihai Viteazul or ; 1558 – 9 August 1601), born as Mihai Pătrașcu, was the Prince of Wallachia (as Michael II, 1593 – 1601), Prince of Moldavia (1600) and ''de facto'' ruler of Transylvania (1599 – 1600). ...
, Prince of
Wallachia Wallachia or Walachia (; ro, Țara Românească, lit=The Romanian Land' or 'The Romanian Country, ; archaic: ', Romanian Cyrillic alphabet: ) is a historical and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Lower Danube and s ...
, defeats the Army of
Andrew Báthory Andrew Báthory ( hu, Báthory András; pl, Andrzej Batory; 1562 or 1563 – 3 November 1599) was the Cardinal-deacon of Sant'Adriano al Foro from 1584 to 1599, Prince-Bishop of Warmia from 1589 to 1599, and Prince of Transylvania in 1599. His ...
in the
Battle of Șelimbăr The Battle of Șelimbăr, or Battle of Sellenberk (; ), took place on 18 October 1599 between the Romanian army of Michael the Brave () and the Transylvanian-Kingdom of Hungary, Hungarian army of Andrew Báthory (). The battle was fought near t ...
, leading to the first recorded unification of the Romanian people.


1601–1900

* 1630
Frendraught Castle Frendraught CastleCoventry, Martin (1997) ''The Castles of Scotland''. Goblinshead. p.184 or House is a 17th-century house, about east of Huntly, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and west of Largue, on the site of a 13th-century castle. History The ori ...
in Scotland, the home of
James Crichton of Frendraught James Crichton of Frendraught or Frendraucht was a Scottish landowner involved in a fire on 18 October 1630. Eight guests were killed at Frendraught Castle and arson was suspected. The facts of the case were widely disputed. Family backgroun ...
, burns down. * 1648 – Boston shoemakers form the first American
labor organization A trade union (labor union in American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers intent on "maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment", ch. I such as attaining better wages and benefits (su ...
. * 1748 – Signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ends the
War of the Austrian Succession The War of the Austrian Succession () was a European conflict that took place between 1740 and 1748. Fought primarily in Central Europe, the Austrian Netherlands, Italy, the Atlantic and Mediterranean, related conflicts included King George's ...
. * 1775
African-American African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an Race and ethnicity in the United States, ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American ...
poet
Phillis Wheatley Phillis Wheatley Peters, also spelled Phyllis and Wheatly ( – December 5, 1784) was an American author who is considered the first African-American author of a published book of poetry. Gates, Henry Louis, ''Trials of Phillis Wheatley: Ameri ...
is freed from slavery. * 1775 –
American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of t ...
: The
Burning of Falmouth The Burning of Falmouth (October 18, 1775) was an attack by a fleet of Royal Navy vessels on the town of Falmouth, Massachusetts (site of the modern city of Portland, Maine, and not to be confused with the modern towns of Falmouth, Massachuset ...
(now
Portland, Maine Portland is the largest city in the U.S. state of Maine and the seat of Cumberland County. Portland's population was 68,408 in April 2020. The Greater Portland metropolitan area is home to over half a million people, the 104th-largest metropo ...
). * 1779 – American Revolutionary War: The Franco-American
Siege of Savannah The siege of Savannah or the Second Battle of Savannah was an encounter of the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) in 1779. The year before, the city of Savannah, Georgia, had been captured by a British expeditionary corps under Lieutena ...
is lifted. * 1797
Treaty of Campo Formio The Treaty of Campo Formio (today Campoformido) was signed on 17 October 1797 (26 Vendémiaire VI) by Napoleon Bonaparte and Count Philipp von Cobenzl as representatives of the French Republic and the Austrian monarchy, respectively. The trea ...
is signed between France and Austria * 1851
Herman Melville Herman Melville ( born Melvill; August 1, 1819 – September 28, 1891) was an American novelist, short story writer, and poet of the American Renaissance period. Among his best-known works are ''Moby-Dick'' (1851); ''Typee'' (1846), a rom ...
's ''
Moby-Dick ''Moby-Dick; or, The Whale'' is an 1851 novel by American writer Herman Melville. The book is the sailor Ishmael's narrative of the obsessive quest of Ahab, captain of the whaling ship ''Pequod'', for revenge against Moby Dick, the giant whi ...
'' is first published as ''The Whale'' by Richard Bentley of London. * 1860 – The
Second Opium War The Second Opium War (), also known as the Second Anglo-Sino War, the Second China War, the Arrow War, or the Anglo-French expedition to China, was a colonial war lasting from 1856 to 1860, which pitted the British Empire and the French Emp ...
finally ends at the
Convention of Peking The Convention of Peking or First Convention of Peking is an agreement comprising three distinct treaties concluded between the Qing dynasty of China and Great Britain, France, and the Russian Empire in 1860. In China, they are regarded as amon ...
with the ratification of the
Treaty of Tientsin The Treaty of Tientsin, also known as the Treaty of Tianjin, is a collective name for several documents signed at Tianjin (then romanized as Tientsin) in June 1858. The Qing dynasty, Russian Empire, Second French Empire, United Kingdom, and t ...
, an
unequal treaty Unequal treaty is the name given by the Chinese to a series of treaties signed during the 19th and early 20th centuries, between China (mostly referring to the Qing dynasty) and various Western powers (specifically the British Empire, France, the ...
. * 1867 – United States takes possession of Alaska after purchasing it from
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
for $7.2 million. Celebrated annually in the state as
Alaska Day Alaska Day (russian: День Аляски) is a legal holiday in the U.S. state of Alaska, observed on October 18. It is the anniversary of the formal transfer of territories in present-day Alaska from the Russian Empire to the United States, ...
. * 1898 – The United States takes possession of
Puerto Rico Puerto Rico (; abbreviated PR; tnq, Boriken, ''Borinquen''), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ( es, link=yes, Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, lit=Free Associated State of Puerto Rico), is a Caribbean island and Unincorporated ...
from Spain. * 1900 – Count Bernhard von Bülow becomes chancellor of Germany.


1901–present

* 1912
First Balkan War The First Balkan War ( sr, Први балкански рат, ''Prvi balkanski rat''; bg, Балканска война; el, Αʹ Βαλκανικός πόλεμος; tr, Birinci Balkan Savaşı) lasted from October 1912 to May 1913 and invo ...
: King
Peter I of Serbia Peter I ( sr-Cyr, Петар I Карађорђевић, Petar I Кarađorđević;  – 16 August 1921) was the last king of Serbia, reigning from 15 June 1903 to 1 December 1918. On 1 December 1918, he became the first king of the Serbs, ...
issues a declaration "To the Serbian People", as his country joins the war. * 1914 – The
Schoenstatt Apostolic Movement The Apostolic Movement of Schoenstatt (german: Schönstatt-Bewegung) is a Catholic Marian movement founded in Germany in 1914 by Fr Joseph Kentenich, who saw the movement as a means of spiritual renewal for the Catholic Church. The movement i ...
is founded in Germany. * 1921 – The
Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic During the existence of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, different governments existed within the Crimean Peninsula. From 1921 to 1936, the government in the Crimean Peninsula was known as the Crimean Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic ...
is formed as part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. * 1922 – The
British Broadcasting Company The British Broadcasting Company Ltd. (BBC) was a short-lived British commercial broadcasting company formed on 18 October 1922 by British and American electrical companies doing business in the United Kingdom. Licensed by the British Genera ...
(later Corporation) is founded by a consortium, to establish a nationwide network of
radio transmitter In electronics and telecommunications, a radio transmitter or just transmitter is an electronic device which produces radio waves with an antenna. The transmitter itself generates a radio frequency alternating current, which is applied to the ...
s to provide a national
broadcasting Broadcasting is the distribution of audio or video content to a dispersed audience via any electronic mass communications medium, but typically one using the electromagnetic spectrum ( radio waves), in a one-to-many model. Broadcasting beg ...
service. * 1929 – The
Judicial Committee of the Privy Council The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC) is the highest court of appeal for the Crown Dependencies, the British Overseas Territories, some Commonwealth countries and a few institutions in the United Kingdom. Established on 14 Aug ...
overrules the
Supreme Court of Canada The Supreme Court of Canada (SCC; french: Cour suprême du Canada, CSC) is the Supreme court, highest court in the Court system of Canada, judicial system of Canada. It comprises List of Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada, nine justices, wh ...
in '' Edwards v. Canada'' when it declares that women are considered "Persons" under
Canadian law The legal system of Canada is pluralist: its foundations lie in the English common law system (inherited from its period as a colony of the British Empire), the French civil law system (inherited from its French Empire past), and Indigenous ...
. * 1944
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
:
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
begins the liberation of
Czechoslovakia , rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי, , common_name = Czechoslovakia , life_span = 1918–19391945–1992 , p1 = Austria-Hungary , image_p1 ...
from
Nazi Germany Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
. * 1944 – World War II: The state funeral of Field Marshal Erwin Rommel takes place in Ulm, Germany. * 1945 – The
USSR The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...
's nuclear program receives plans for the United States plutonium bomb from Klaus Fuchs at the
Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos National Laboratory (often shortened as Los Alamos and LANL) is one of the sixteen research and development laboratories of the United States Department of Energy (DOE), located a short distance northwest of Santa Fe, New Mexico, ...
. * 1945 – A group of the
Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in th ...
n Armed Forces, led by Mario Vargas,
Marcos Pérez Jiménez Marcos Evangelista Pérez Jiménez (25 April 1914 – 20 September 2001) was a Venezuelan military and general officer of the Army of Venezuela and the dictator of Venezuela from 1950 to 1958, ruling as member of the military junta from 19 ...
and
Carlos Delgado Chalbaud Carlos Román Delgado Chalbaud Gómez (20 January 1909 – 13 November 1950) was a Venezuelan career military officer. He was the president of Venezuela from 1948 to 1950 as leader of a military junta. In 1945, he was one of the high-ranking o ...
, stages a coup d'état against president Isaías Medina Angarita, who is overthrown by the end of the day. * 1945 – Argentine military officer and politician Juan Perón marries actress
Eva Duarte Eva or EVA may refer to: * Eva (name), a feminine given name Arts, entertainment, and media Fictional characters * Eva (Dynamite Entertainment), a comic book character by Dynamite Entertainment * Eva (''Devil May Cry''), Dante's mother in t ...
. * 1954
Texas Instruments Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI) is an American technology company headquartered in Dallas, Texas, that designs and manufactures semiconductors and various integrated circuits, which it sells to electronics designers and manufacturers globa ...
announces the first
transistor radio A transistor radio is a small portable radio receiver that uses transistor-based circuitry. Following the invention of the transistor in 1947—which revolutionized the field of consumer electronics by introducing small but powerful, convenient ...
. * 1963
Félicette Félicette () was a stray Parisian cat who is the only cat to have been successfully launched into space. She was launched on 18October 1963 as part of the French space program. Félicette was one of 14 female cats trained for spaceflight. The c ...
, a black and white female Parisian stray cat, becomes the first cat launched into space. * 1967 – The
Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nation ...
probe
Venera 4 Venera 4 (russian: Венера-4, lit=Venus-4), also designated 4V-1 No.310, was a probe in the Soviet Venera program for the exploration of Venus. The probe comprised a lander, designed to enter the Venusian atmosphere and parachute to the ...
reaches
Venus Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is sometimes called Earth's "sister" or "twin" planet as it is almost as large and has a similar composition. As an interior planet to Earth, Venus (like Mercury) appears in Earth's sky never f ...
and becomes the first spacecraft to measure the atmosphere of another planet. * 1977
German Autumn The German Autumn (german: Deutscher Herbst) was a series of events in Germany in 1977, mostly late in the year, associated with the kidnapping and murder of industrialist, businessman, and former SS member Hanns Martin Schleyer, president of t ...
: A set of events revolving around the kidnapping of
Hanns Martin Schleyer Hans "Hanns" Martin Schleyer (; 1 May 1915 – 18 October 1977) was a German business executive, and employer and industry representative, who served as President of two powerful commercial organizations, the Confederation of German Employers' A ...
and the
hijacking Hijacking may refer to: Common usage Computing and technology * Bluejacking, the unsolicited transmission of data via Bluetooth * Brandjacking, the unauthorized use of a company's brand * Browser hijacking * Clickjacking (including ''like ...
of a Lufthansa flight by the
Red Army Faction The Red Army Faction (RAF, ; , ),See the section "Name" also known as the Baader–Meinhof Group or Baader–Meinhof Gang (, , active 1970–1998), was a West German far-left Marxist-Leninist urban guerrilla group founded in 1970. The ...
(RAF) comes to an end when Schleyer is murdered and various RAF members allegedly commit suicide. * 1979 – The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) begins allowing people to have home satellite earth stations without a federal government license. * 1991 – The Supreme Council of
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of th ...
adopts a declaration of independence from the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
. * 1992Merpati Nustantara Airlines Flight 5601 crashes into
Mount Papandayan Mount Papandayan is a complex stratovolcano, located in Garut Regency, to the southeast of the city of Bandung in West Java, Indonesia. It is about to the southwest of the town of Garut. At the summit, there are four large craters which cont ...
near the town of
Garut Garut is a district and town in West Java of Indonesia, and the former capital of Garut Regency. It is located about 75 km to the southeast of the major city of Bandung. History The modern history of Garut started on March 2, 1811 when Balub ...
in
West Java West Java ( id, Jawa Barat, su, ᮏᮝ ᮊᮥᮜᮧᮔ᮪, romanized ''Jawa Kulon'') is a province of Indonesia on the western part of the island of Java, with its provincial capital in Bandung. West Java is bordered by the province of Banten ...
,
Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
, killing 31. * 2003
Bolivian gas conflict The Bolivian gas conflict was a social confrontation in Bolivia reaching its peak in 2003, centering on the exploitation of the country's vast natural gas reserves. The expression can be extended to refer to the general conflict in Bolivia ove ...
:
Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center , flag_alt2 = 7 × 7 square p ...
n President
Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada Sánchez Bustamante (born 1 July 1930), often referred to as Goni, is a Bolivian businessman and politician who served as the 61st president of Bolivia from 1993 to 1997 and from 2002 to 2003. A member of the Revolu ...
is forced to resign and leave Bolivia. * 2007Karachi bombing: A suicide attack on a motorcade carrying former
Pakistani Prime Minister The prime minister of Pakistan ( ur, , romanized: Wazīr ē Aʿẓam , ) is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and his chosen cabinet, despite the president of Pakist ...
Benazir Bhutto kills 139 and wounds 450 more. Bhutto herself is uninjured. * 2019NASA Astronauts
Jessica Meir Jessica Ulrika Meir (IPA: ; ; born ) is an American-Swedish NASA astronaut, marine biologist, and physiologist. She was previously an assistant professor of anesthesia at Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, following ...
and Christina Koch take part in the first all-female spacewalk when they venture out of the
International Space Station The International Space Station (ISS) is the largest modular space station currently in low Earth orbit. It is a multinational collaborative project involving five participating space agencies: NASA (United States), Roscosmos (Russia), JAXA ...
to replace a power controller. * 2019 – Riots in Chile's capital Santiago escalate into open battles, with attacks reported at nearly all of the city's 164
Metro Metro, short for metropolitan, may refer to: Geography * Metro (city), a city in Indonesia * A metropolitan area, the populated region including and surrounding an urban center Public transport * Rapid transit, a passenger railway in an urba ...
stations. President
Sebastián Piñera Miguel Juan Sebastián Piñera Echenique OMCh (; born 1 December 1949) is a Chilean billionaire businessman and politician who served as president of Chile from 2010 to 2014 and again from 2018 to 2022. The son of a Christian Democratic polit ...
later announces a 15-day state of emergency in the capital.


Births


Pre-1600

* 1127
Emperor Go-Shirakawa was the 77th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His de jure reign spanned the years from 1155 through 1158, though arguably he effectively maintained imperial power for almost thirty-seven years through the ''ins ...
of Japan (d. 1192) * 1130
Zhu Xi Zhu Xi (; ; October 18, 1130 – April 23, 1200), formerly romanized Chu Hsi, was a Chinese calligrapher, historian, philosopher, poet, and politician during the Song dynasty. Zhu was influential in the development of Neo-Confucianism. He con ...
, Chinese philosopher (d. 1200) * 1405
Pope Pius II Pope Pius II ( la, Pius PP. II, it, Pio II), born Enea Silvio Bartolomeo Piccolomini ( la, Aeneas Silvius Bartholomeus, links=no; 18 October 1405 – 14 August 1464), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 August ...
(d. 1464) *
1444 Year 1444 ( MCDXLIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. It is one of eight years (CE) to contain each Roman numeral once (1000(M)+(-100(C)+500(D))+(-10(X)+50(L))+(-1(I)+5(V)) = 1444. ...
John de Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk John de Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk, (18 October 144414 January 1476), known as 1st Earl of Surrey between 1451 and 1461, was the only son of John de Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk and Eleanor Bourchier. His maternal grandparents were William B ...
(d. 1476) * 1482
Philipp III, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg Philipp III of Hanau-Lichtenberg (18 October 1482 – 15 May 1538, Bouxwiller (german: Buchsweiler)) was the third Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg. Childhood and youth Philipp III was the eldest son of Count Philipp II of Hanau-Lichtenberg and ...
(d. 1538) * 1517
Manuel da Nóbrega Manuel da Nóbrega (old spelling ''Manoel da Nóbrega'') (18 October 1517 – 18 October 1570) was a Portuguese Jesuit priest and first Provincial of the Society of Jesus in colonial Brazil. Together with José de Anchieta, he was very influe ...
, Portuguese-Brazilian priest and missionary (d. 1570) * 1523
Anna Jagiellon Anna Jagiellon ( pl, Anna Jagiellonka, lt, Ona Jogailaitė; 18 October 1523 – 9 September 1596) was Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania from 1575 to 1587. Daughter of Polish King Sigismund I the Old and Italian duchess Bon ...
, daughter of Sigismund I of Poland (d. 1596) * 1536
William Lambarde William Lambarde (18 October 1536 – 19 August 1601) was an English antiquarian, writer on legal subjects, and politician. He is particularly remembered as the author of ''A Perambulation of Kent'' (1576), the first English county history; ''E ...
, English antiquarian and politician (d. 1601) * 1547
Justus Lipsius Justus Lipsius (Joest Lips or Joost Lips; 18 October 1547 – 23 March 1606) was a Flemish Catholic philologist, philosopher, and humanist. Lipsius wrote a series of works designed to revive ancient Stoicism in a form that would be compatible w ...
, Belgian philologist and scholar (d. 1606) * 1553
Luca Marenzio Luca Marenzio (also Marentio; October 18, 1553 or 1554 – August 22, 1599) was an Italian composer and singer of the late Renaissance. He was one of the most renowned composers of madrigals, and wrote some of the most famous examples of the fo ...
, Italian composer (d. 1599) * 1569
Giambattista Marino Giovanni Battista was a common Italian given name (see Battista for those with the surname) in the 16th-18th centuries. It refers to "John the Baptist" in English, the French equivalent is "Jean-Baptiste". Common nicknames include Giambattista, Gi ...
, Italian poet (d. 1625) *
1587 Events January–June * February 1 – Queen Elizabeth I of England signs the death warrant of her cousin Mary, Queen of Scots, after Mary has been implicated in a plot to murder Elizabeth. Seven days later, on the orders of E ...
Lady Mary Wroth Lady Mary Wroth (née Sidney; 18 October 1587 – 1651/3) was an English noblewoman and a poet of the English Renaissance. A member of a distinguished literary family, Lady Wroth was among the first female English writers to have achieved an en ...
, English poet (d. 1651) *
1595 Events January–June * January – Mehmed III succeeds Murad III, as sultan of the Ottoman Empire. * January 17 – During the French Wars of Religion, Henry IV of France declares war on Spain. * April 8 (March 29 O.S.) & ...
Edward Winslow Edward Winslow (18 October 15958 May 1655) was a Separatist and New England political leader who traveled on the ''Mayflower'' in 1620. He was one of several senior leaders on the ship and also later at Plymouth Colony. Both Edward Winslow and ...
, American Pilgrim leader (d. 1655)


1601–1900

* 1616
Nicholas Culpeper Nicholas Culpeper (18 October 1616 – 10 January 1654) was an English botanist, herbalist, physician and astrologer.Patrick Curry: "Culpeper, Nicholas (1616–1654)", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' (Oxford, UK: OUP, 2004) His boo ...
, English botanist (d. 1654) * 1630
Henry Powle Henry Powle (18 October 1630 – 21 November 1692) was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1660 and 1690, and was Speaker of the House of Commons from January 1689 to February 1690. He was ...
, English politician (d. 1692) * 1634
Luca Giordano Luca Giordano (18 October 1634 – 3 January 1705) was an Italian late-Baroque painter and printmaker in etching. Fluent and decorative, he worked successfully in Naples and Rome, Florence, and Venice, before spending a decade in Spain. Earl ...
, Italian painter and illustrator (d. 1705) * 1653
Abraham van Riebeeck Abraham van Riebeeck (; 18 October 1653 – 17 November 1713) was a merchant with the Dutch East India Company and the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1709 to 1713. Biography Abraham van Riebeeck was born on 18 October 1653 in th ...
, South African-Dutch merchant and politician, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (d. 1713) * 1662Matthew Henry, Welsh minister and scholar (d. 1714) * 1663Prince Eugene of Savoy (d. 1736) * 1668
John George IV, Elector of Saxony John George IV (18 October 1668 in Dresden – 27 April 1694 in Dresden) was Elector of Saxony from 1691 to 1694. He belonged to the Albertine line of the House of Wettin and was the eldest son of the Elector John George III and Anna Sophie ...
(d. 1694) * 1701
Charles le Beau Charles le Beau (18 October 1701, Paris – 13 March 1778, Paris) was a French historical writer. He was born in Paris, and was educated at the Collège de Sainte-Barbe and the Collège du Plessis; at the latter he remained as a teacher until he ...
, French historian and author (d. 1778) * 1706Baldassare Galuppi, Italian harpsichord player and composer (d. 1785) * 1741
Pierre Choderlos de Laclos Pierre Ambroise François Choderlos de Laclos (; 18 October 1741 – 5 September 1803) was a French novelist, official, Freemason and army general, best known for writing the epistolary novel '' Les Liaisons dangereuses'' (''Dangerous Liaisons'' ...
, French general and author (d. 1803) * 1777
Heinrich von Kleist Bernd Heinrich Wilhelm von Kleist (18 October 177721 November 1811) was a German poet, dramatist, novelist, short story writer and journalist. His best known works are the theatre plays '' Das Käthchen von Heilbronn'', ''The Broken Jug'', ''Amph ...
, German author and poet (d. 1811) * 1785
Thomas Love Peacock Thomas Love Peacock (18 October 1785 – 23 January 1866) was an English novelist, poet, and official of the East India Company. He was a close friend of Percy Bysshe Shelley and they influenced each other's work. Peacock wrote satirical novels, ...
, English author and poet (d. 1866) * 1792
Lucas Alamán Lucas Ignacio Alamán y Escalada ( Guanajuato, New Spain, October 18, 1792 – Mexico City, Mexico, June 2, 1853) was a Mexican scientist, conservative statesman, historian, and writer. He came from an elite Guanajuato family and was well-tr ...
, Mexican politician and historian (d. 1853) *
1804 Events January–March * January 1 – Haiti gains independence from France, and becomes the first black republic, having the only successful slave revolt ever. * February 4 – The Sokoto Caliphate is founded in West Africa. * Februa ...
Mongkut, Thai king (d. 1868) * 1822
Midhat Pasha Ahmed Şefik Midhat Pasha ( ota , احمد شفيق مدحت پاشا, 18 October 1822 – 26 April 1883) was an Ottoman democrat, kingmaker and one of the leading statesmen during the late Tanzimat period. He is most famous for leading the O ...
, Ottoman civil servant and politician, 238th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1883) * 1831Frederick III, German Emperor (d. 1888) * 1836
Frederick August Otto Schwarz Frederick August Otto Schwarz (October 18, 1836 – May 17, 1911) was a German-born American toy retailer known for founding FAO Schwarz. Biography Schwarz was born to a German Lutheran family in 1836 at Herford, Province of Westphalia, Ki ...
, American businessman, founded
FAO Schwarz FAO Schwarz is an American toy brand and store. The company is known for its high-end toys, life-sized stuffed animals, interactive experiences, brand integrations, and games. FAO Schwarz claims to be the oldest toy store in the United States ...
(d. 1911) * 1850Basil Hall Chamberlain, English-Swiss historian, author, and academic (d. 1935) * 1854
Billy Murdoch William Lloyd Murdoch (18 October 1854 – 18 February 1911) was an Australian cricketer who captained the Australian national side in 16 Test matches between 1880 and 1890. This included four tours of England, one of which, in 1882, gave ri ...
, Australian cricketer (d. 1911) * 1859
Henri Bergson Henri-Louis Bergson (; 18 October 1859 – 4 January 1941) was a French philosopherHenri Bergson. 2014. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 13 August 2014, from https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/61856/Henri-Bergson
, French philosopher and theologian,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
laureate (d. 1941) * 1862
Mehmet Esat Bülkat Esat Pasha Janina (18 October 1862 – 2 November 1952; ota, أسعد باشا یانیه), known as Mehmed Esad Bülkat () after the 1934 Surname Law, was an Ottoman general during the First Balkan War, where he led the Yanya Corps, and in Wo ...
, Ottoman general (d. 1952) * 1865Arie de Jong, Dutch linguist and author (d. 1957) * 1865 –
Logan Pearsall Smith Logan Pearsall Smith (18 October 1865 – 2 March 1946) was an American-born British essayist and critic. Harvard and Oxford educated, he was known for his aphorisms and epigrams, and was an expert on 17th Century divines. His ''Words and Idioms ...
, American-English author and critic (d. 1946) * 1868
Ernst Didring Ernst Didring (18 October 1868 – 13 October 1931) was an early 20th-century author who wrote mainly of life in his home country of Sweden. Biography Born 18 October 1868 in Stockholm, Didring aspired to a career in teaching, but was unable to ...
, Swedish author (d. 1931) * 1869
Johannes Linnankoski Johannes Linnankoski (originally Vihtori Johan Peltonen, 18 October 1869 – 10 August 1913) was a Finland, Finnish author and playwright, which mainly influenced writing in the Golden Age of Finnish Art. His most famous work is the romance novel ...
, Finnish author (d. 1913) * 1870
D. T. Suzuki , self-rendered in 1894 as "Daisetz", was a Japanese-American Buddhist monk, essayist, philosopher, religious scholar, translator, and writer. He was a scholar and author of books and essays on Buddhism, Zen and Shin that were instrumental in s ...
, Japanese author and scholar (d. 1966) * 1872
Mikhail Kuzmin Mikhail Alekseevich Kuzmin (russian: Михаи́л Алексе́евич Кузми́н) ( – March 1, 1936) was a Russian poet, musician and novelist, a prominent contributor to the Silver Age of Russian Poetry. Biography Born into a noble fa ...
, Russian poet and author (d. 1936) * 1873
Ivanoe Bonomi Ivanoe Bonomi (18 October 1873 – 20 April 1951) was an Italian politician and journalist who served as Prime Minister of Italy from 1921 to 1922 and again from 1944 to 1945. Background and earlier career Ivanoe Bonomi was born in Mantua, I ...
, Italian lawyer and politician, 25th
Prime Minister of Italy The Prime Minister of Italy, officially the President of the Council of Ministers ( it, link=no, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), is the head of government of the Italian Republic. The office of president of the Council of Ministers is ...
(d. 1951) * 1875
Len Braund Leonard Charles Braund (18 October 1875 – 23 December 1955) was a cricketer who played for Surrey, Somerset and England. Len Braund was an all-rounder, a versatile batsman who could defend or attack according to the needs of the game and a ...
, English cricketer, coach, and umpire (d. 1955) * 1878
James Truslow Adams James Truslow Adams (October 18, 1878 – May 18, 1949) was an American writer and historian. He was a freelance author who helped to popularize the latest scholarship about American history and his three-volume history of New England is well r ...
, American historian and author (d. 1949) * 1880
Ze'ev Jabotinsky Ze'ev Jabotinsky ( he, זְאֵב זַ׳בּוֹטִינְסְקִי, ''Ze'ev Zhabotinski'';, ''Wolf Zhabotinski'' 17 October 1880  – 3 August 1940), born Vladimir Yevgenyevich Zhabotinsky, was a Russian Jewish Revisionist Zionist leade ...
, Ukrainian-Russian general, journalist, and theorist (d. 1940) * 1881
Max Gerson Max Gerson (October 18, 1881 – March 8, 1959) was a German-born American physician who developed the Gerson Therapy, a dietary-based alternative cancer treatment that he claimed could cure cancer and most chronic, degenerative diseases. ...
, German-born American physician (d. 1959) * 1882
Lucien Petit-Breton Lucien Georges Mazan (18 October 1882 – 20 December 1917) was a French racing cyclist (pseudonym: Lucien Petit-Breton, ), known as the first two-time winner of the Tour de France. He was born in Plessé, Loire-Atlantique, a part of Brittany ...
, French cyclist (d. 1917) * 1887
Takashi Sakai was a lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II, known for his role as Governor of Hong Kong under Japanese occupation. Biography Sakai was born in Kamo District, Hiroshima, now part of Hiroshima city. He was educ ...
, Japanese general and politician,
Governor of Hong Kong The governor of Hong Kong was the representative of the British Crown in Hong Kong from 1843 to 1997. In this capacity, the governor was president of the Executive Council and commander-in-chief of the British Forces Overseas Hong Kong. ...
(d. 1946) * 1888
Paul Vermoyal Pierre Paul Vermoyal (18 October 1888 – 28 September 1925) was a French stage and film actor. Biography Vermoyal was born in Braye-en-Laonnois, Aisne, Picardy. He began his career on the stages of the Grand Guignol theatre in the Quartier Pi ...
, French actor (d. 1925) * 1893Sidney Holland, New Zealand lieutenant and politician, 25th
Prime Minister of New Zealand The prime minister of New Zealand ( mi, Te pirimia o Aotearoa) is the head of government of New Zealand. The prime minister, Jacinda Ardern, leader of the New Zealand Labour Party, took office on 26 October 2017. The prime minister (inform ...
(d. 1961) * 1893 –
George Ohsawa George Ohsawa (born ; October 18, 1893 – April 23, 1966) was a Japanese educator who was the founder of the macrobiotic diet. When living in Europe he went by the pen names of Musagendo Sakurazawa, Nyoiti Sakurazawa, and Yukikazu Sakurazawa. He ...
, Japanese philosopher and academic (d. 1966) * 1894H. L. Davis, American author and poet (d. 1960) * 1894 –
Tibor Déry Tibor Déry (18 October 1894 in Budapest – 18 August 1977 in Budapest) was a Hungarian writer and poet. He also wrote under the names Tibor Dániel and Pál Verdes. György Lukács praised Dery as being "the greatest depicter of human b ...
, Hungarian author and translator (d. 1977) * 1897
Isabel Briggs Myers Isabel Briggs Myers (born Isabel Briggs; October 18, 1897 – May 5, 1980) was an American writer and co-creator with her mother, Katharine Cook Briggs, of a personality inventory known as the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and based on ...
, American theorist and author (d. 1980) * 1898
Lotte Lenya Lotte Lenya (born Karoline Wilhelmine Charlotte Blamauer; 18 October 1898 – 27 November 1981) was an Austrian-American singer, diseuse, and actress, long based in the United States. In the German-speaking and classical music world, she is best ...
, Austrian singer and actress (d. 1981)


1901–present

* 1902
Miriam Hopkins Ellen Miriam Hopkins (October 18, 1902 – October 9, 1972) was an American actress known for her versatility. She first signed with Paramount Pictures in 1930. Her best-known roles included a pickpocket in Ernst Lubitsch's romantic comedy '' T ...
, American actress (d. 1972) * 1902 –
Pascual Jordan Ernst Pascual Jordan (; 18 October 1902 – 31 July 1980) was a German theoretical and mathematical physicist who made significant contributions to quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. He contributed much to the mathematical form of matri ...
, German physicist and theorist (d. 1980) * 1903Lina Radke, German runner and coach (d. 1983) * 1904
Aarne Juutilainen Aarne Edward Juutilainen (; 18 October 1904 – 28 October 1976), nicknamed "The Terror of Morocco", was a Finnish army captain who served in the French Foreign Legion in Morocco between 1930 and 1935. After returning to Finland, he served ...
, Finnish army captain (d. 1976) * 1904 – A. J. Liebling, American journalist and author (d. 1963) * 1904 – Haim Shirman, Ukrainian-Israeli scholar and academic (d. 1981) * 1905Jan Gies, Dutch activist (d. 1993) * 1905 –
Félix Houphouët-Boigny Félix Houphouët-Boigny (; 18 October 1905 – 7 December 1993), affectionately called Papa Houphouët or Le Vieux ("The Old One"), was the first president of Ivory Coast, serving from 1960 until his death in 1993. A tribal chief, he wo ...
, Ivorian union leader and politician, 1st President of Côte d'Ivoire (d. 1993) * 1906James Brooks, American painter and educator (d. 1992) * 1909
Norberto Bobbio Norberto Bobbio (; 18 October 1909 – 9 January 2004) was an Italian philosopher of law and political sciences and a historian of political thought. He also wrote regularly for the Turin-based daily ''La Stampa''. Bobbio was a social libe ...
, Italian philosopher and theorist (d. 2004) * 1914
Raymond Lambert Raymond Lambert (18 October 1914 – 24 February 1997) was a Swiss mountaineer who together with Sherpa Tenzing Norgay reached an altitude of 8611 metres (just 237 metres from the summit) of Mount Everest, as part of a Swiss Expedition in Ma ...
, Swiss mountaineer (d. 1997) * 1915
Victor Sen Yung Sen Yung, later known professionally as Victor Sen Young (born Sen Yew Cheung; October 18, 1914 – c. November 9, 1980); one source lists his given name as Victor Cheung Young with the birth year 1915)) was an American character actor, best kn ...
, American actor (d. 1980) * 1918
Molly Geertsema Willem Jacob "Molly" Geertsema II (; 18 October 1918 – 27 June 1991) was a Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and jurist. Geertsema attended a Gymnasium in The Hague from June 1930 until June 1937 and appl ...
, Dutch lawyer and politician,
Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands The deputy prime minister of the Netherlands ( nl, Viceminister-president van Nederland) is the official deputy of the head of government of the Netherlands. In the absence of the prime minister of the Netherlands the deputy prime minister take ...
(d. 1991) * 1918 –
Konstantinos Mitsotakis Konstantinos Mitsotakis ( el, Κωνσταντίνος Μητσοτάκης, ; – 29 May 2017) was a Greek politician who was 7th Prime Minister of Greece from 1990 to 1993. He graduated in law and economics from the University of Athens. Hi ...
, Greek lawyer and politician, 178th Prime Minister of Greece (d. 2017) * 1918 –
Bobby Troup Robert William Troup Jr. (October 18, 1918 – February 7, 1999) was an American actor, jazz pianist, singer, and songwriter. He wrote the song " Route 66" and acted in the role of Dr. Joe Early with his wife Julie London in the television prog ...
, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and actor (d. 1999) * 1919
Ric Nordman Rurik (Ric) Nordman (October 18, 1919 in Cypress River, Manitoba – July 29, 1996 in Winnipeg, Manitoba) was a businessman and politician in Manitoba, Canada. Nordman served on Winnipeg City Council, representing the St. Charles Ward from 197 ...
, Canadian captain and politician (d. 1996) * 1919 –
Anita O'Day Anita Belle Colton (October 18, 1919 – November 23, 2006), known professionally as Anita O'Day, was an American jazz singer and self proclaimed “song stylist” widely admired for her sense of rhythm and dynamics, and her early big band app ...
, American singer (d. 2006) * 1919 – Pierre Trudeau, Canadian lawyer, academic, and politician, 15th Prime Minister of Canada (d. 2000) * 1919 – Camilla Williams, American soprano and educator (d. 2012) *1920 – Melina Mercouri, Greek actress, singer, and politician, 9th Minister for Culture (Greece), Greek Minister of Culture (d. 1994) * 1921 – Jerry Cooke (photographer), Jerry Cooke, Ukrainian-American photographer and journalist (d. 2005) * 1921 – Jesse Helms, American journalist and politician (d. 2008) * 1921 – Beatrice Helen Worsley, Mexican-Canadian computer scientist and academic (d. 1972) *1923 – Jessie Mae Hemphill, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2008) *1924 – Buddy MacMaster, Canadian singer-songwriter and fiddler (d. 2014) *1925 – Ramiz Alia, Albanian politician, 1st President of Albania (d. 2011) *1926 – Chuck Berry, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2017) * 1926 – Klaus Kinski, German-American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1991) *1927 – Marv Rotblatt, American baseball player (d. 2013) * 1927 – George C. Scott, American actor and director (d. 1999) *1928 – Keith Jackson, American sportscaster and actor (d. 2018) * 1928 – Maurice El Mediouni, Algerian pianist and composer * 1928 – Dick Taverne, English lawyer and politician * 1929 – Violeta Chamorro, Nicaraguan publisher and politician, President of Nicaragua * 1929 – Hillard Elkins, American producer and manager (d. 2010) * 1929 – Kees Fens, Dutch author and critic (d. 2008) * 1929 – Frank Stanmore (rugby league), Frank Stanmore, Australian rugby league player (d. 2005) *1930 – Flora Fraser, 21st Lady Saltoun, Scottish politician * 1930 – Esther Hautzig, Lithuanian-American author (d. 2009) *1931 – Chris Albertson, Icelandic-American historian, journalist, and producer (d. 2019) * 1931 – Roger Climpson, English-Australian journalist * 1931 – Ien Dales, Dutch civil servant and politician, Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations (Netherlands), Dutch Minister of the Interior (d. 1994) *1932 – Vytautas Landsbergis, Lithuanian musicologist and politician *1933 – Forrest Gregg, American football player and coach (d. 2019) * 1933 – Irwin M. Jacobs, American electrical engineer, businessman, and entrepreneur * 1933 – Ludovico Scarfiotti, Italian race car driver (d. 1968) *1934 – Inger Stevens, Swedish-American actress (d. 1970) *1935 – Peter Boyle, American actor (d. 2006) *1936 – Jaime Lucas Ortega y Alamino, Cuban cardinal (d. 2019) *1938 – Robert Dove, American lawyer and politician (d. 2021) * 1938 – Dawn Wells, American model and actress, Miss Nevada, Miss Nevada 1959 (d. 2020) *1939 – Flavio Cotti, Swiss lawyer and politician, 82nd President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 2020) * 1939 – Mike Ditka, American football player, coach, and sportscaster * 1939 – Lee Harvey Oswald, American assassin of John F. Kennedy (d. 1963) * 1939 – Paddy Reilly, Irish folk singer and guitarist * 1939 – Jan Erik Vold, Norwegian poet, author, and translator *1940 – Cynthia Weil, American songwriter * 1940 – Talitha Getty, actress and model of Dutch extraction (d. 1971) *1941 – Timothy Bell, Baron Bell, English businessman (d. 2019) * 1941 – Martha Burk, American psychologist and author *1942 – Gianfranco Ravasi, Italian cardinal and scholar *1943 – Christine Charbonneau, Canadian singer-songwriter (d. 2014) * 1943 – Birthe Rønn Hornbech, Danish police officer and politician, List of Ministers for Ecclesiastical Affairs of Denmark, Danish Minister for Ecclesiastical Affairs * 1945 – Huell Howser, American television host and actor (d. 2013) * 1945 – Chris Shays, American politician *1946 – James Robert Baker, American author and screenwriter (d. 1997) * 1946 – Frank Beamer, American football player and coach * 1946 – Dafydd Elis-Thomas, Welsh academic and politician * 1946 – Howard Shore, Canadian composer, conductor, and producer *1947 – Paul Chuckle, English comedian, actor, and screenwriter * 1947 – Job Cohen, Dutch scholar and politician, Mayor of Amsterdam * 1947 – Laura Nyro, American singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 1997) * 1947 – Gary Sullivan (rugby league), Gary Sullivan, Australian rugby league player *1948 – Hans Köchler, Austrian philosopher, author, and academic * 1948 – Ntozake Shange, American author, poet, and playwright (d. 2018) *1949 – Joe Egan (musician), Joe Egan, Scottish singer-songwriter * 1949 – George Hendrick, American baseball player and coach * 1949 – Gary Richrath, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer (d. 2015) *1950 – Wendy Wasserstein, American playwright and author (d. 2006) *1951 – Mike Antonovich (ice hockey), Mike Antonovich, American ice hockey player and coach * 1951 – Pam Dawber, American actress and producer * 1951 – Terry McMillan, American author and screenwriter * 1951 – David Normington, English civil servant and politician * 1951 – Nic Potter, English bass player and songwriter (d. 2013) *1952 – Roy Dias, Sri Lankan cricketer and coach * 1952 – Paul Geroski, American-English economist and academic (d. 2005) * 1952 – Chuck Lorre, American director, producer, and screenwriter * 1952 – Patrick Morrow, Canadian mountaineer and photographer * 1952 – Bảo Ninh, Vietnamese soldier and author * 1952 – Allen Ripley, American baseball player (d. 2014) * 1952 – Jerry Royster, American baseball player, coach, and manager * 1954 – Nick Houghton, English general * 1954 – Arliss Howard, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter * 1954 – Bob Weinstein, American film executive *1955 – Jean-Pierre Hautier, Belgian journalist and television host (d. 2012) * 1955 – Vanessa Briscoe Hay, American singer-songwriter and keyboard player * 1955 – Timmy Mallett, English radio and television host * 1955 – Stu Mead, American painter and illustrator * 1955 – David Twohy, American director, producer, and screenwriter * 1955 – Rita Verdonk, Dutch journalist and politician, Ministry of Security and Justice (Netherlands), Dutch Minister of Justice * 1955 – Denis Watson, Zimbabwean golfer * 1955 – Mark Welland, English physicist and academic *1956 – Craig Bartlett, American animator, producer, screenwriter, and voice actor * 1956 – Martina Navratilova, Czech-American tennis player and coach * 1956 – Jim Talent, American lawyer and politician *1957 – Jon Lindstrom, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter * 1957 – Catherine Ringer, French singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress *1958 – Thomas Hearns, American boxer * 1958 – Megumi Ishii, Japanese actress and politician * 1958 – Letitia James, American lawyer, activist and politician * 1958 – Kjell Samuelsson, Swedish ice hockey player and coach *1959 – Kirby Chambliss, American pilot * 1959 – Mauricio Funes, Salvadoran politician, former President of El Salvador * 1959 – Milcho Manchevski, Macedonian-American director and screenwriter * 1959 – John Nord, American wrestler *1960 – Erin Moran, American actress (d. 2017) * 1960 – Jean-Claude Van Damme, Belgian martial artist, actor, and producer, and screenwriter *1961 – Wynton Marsalis, American trumpet player, composer, and educator * 1961 – Rick Moody, American author and composer * 1961 – Gladstone Small, Barbadian-English cricketer *1962 – Min Ko Naing, Burmese activist * 1962 – Vincent Spano, American actor, director, and producer * 1963 – Sigvart Dagsland, Norwegian singer, pianist and composer *1964 – Dan Lilker, American singer-songwriter and bass player * 1964 – Charles Stross, English journalist, author, and programmer *1965 – Curtis Stigers, American singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1965 – Zakir Naik, an Indian Islamic preacher; founder and president of the Islamic Research Foundation (IRF) *1966 – Dave Price, American journalist and game show host * 1967 – Eric Stuart, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and voice actor *1968 – Rhod Gilbert, Welsh comedian * 1968 – Stuart Law, Australian cricketer and coach * 1968 – Michael Stich, German tennis player and sportscaster *1969 – Volker Neumüller, German talent manager * 1969 – Nelson Vivas, Argentinian footballer, coach, and manager *1970 – Doug Mirabelli, American baseball player and coach * 1970 – Mike Starink, Dutch television host and actor *1971 – Nick O'Hern, Australian golfer *1972 – Mika Ninagawa, Japanese photographer and director * 1972 – Alex Tagliani, Canadian race car driver *1973 – Stephen Allan, Australian golfer * 1973 – James Foley (journalist), James Foley, American photographer and journalist (d. 2014) * 1973 – Michalis Kapsis, Greek footballer * 1973 – Rachel Nichols (journalist), Rachel Nichols, American journalist and sportscaster * 1973 – Sarah Winckless, English rower *1974 – Robbie Savage, Welsh footballer and sportscaster * 1974 – Peter Svensson, Swedish guitarist and songwriter * 1974 – Zhou Xun, Chinese actress and singer * 1974 – Amish Tripathi, Indian author *1975 – Alex Cora, Puerto Rican-American baseball player and sportscaster * 1975 – Josh Sawyer, American video game designer * 1977 – Flavia Colgan, Brazilian-American journalist * 1977 – Kunal Kapoor (actor, born 1977), Kunal Kapoor, Indian actor * 1977 – Ryan Nelsen, New Zealand-American soccer player and coach * 1977 – David Vuillemin, French motorcycle racer *1978 – Mike Tindall, English rugby player * 1978 – Kenji Wu, Taiwanese singer-songwriter and actor * 1979 – Damon Scott, British entertainer * 1979 – Jaroslav Drobný (footballer), Jaroslav Drobný, Czech footballer * 1979 – Ne-Yo, American singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, and actor *1980 – Birsen Yavuz, Turkish sprinter and hurdler *1981 – Nathan Hauritz, Australian cricketer * 1981 – Tina Hergold, Slovenian tennis player * 1981 – Greg Warren (American football), Greg Warren, American football player *1982 – Thierry Amiel, French singer-songwriter * 1982 – Michael Dingsdag, Dutch footballer * 1982 – Mark Sampson, Welsh footballer and manager * 1982 – Simon Gotch, American wrestler *1983 – Dante (footballer), Dante, Brazilian footballer *1984 – Robert Harting, German discus thrower * 1984 – Freida Pinto, Indian actress and model * 1984 – Esperanza Spalding, American singer-songwriter and bassist * 1984 – Lindsey Vonn, American skier * 1984 – Milo Yiannopoulos, British journalist and public speaker *1985 – Yoenis Céspedes, Cuban baseball player * 1985 – Andrew Garcia, American singer-songwriter and guitarist *1986 – Wilma Elles, German actress and fashion designer *1987 – Zac Efron, American actor and singer * 1987 – Freja Beha Erichsen, Danish model *1988 – Tessa Schram, Dutch director and actress *1989 – Laci Green, American YouTube personality, video blogger, sex educator, and activist * 1989 – Riisa Naka, Japanese model and actress *1990 – Bristol Palin, American public speaker and reality television personality * 1990 – Brittney Griner, American professional basketball player * 1990 – Drew Crawford, American basketball player * 1991 – Roly Bonevacia, Dutch footballer * 1992 – John John Florence, American professional surfer *1993 – Ivan Cavaleiro, Portuguese professional footballer *1994 – Pascal Wehrlein, German-Mauritian Formula One driver * 1994 – Enhō Akira, Japanese sumo wrestler


Deaths


Pre-1600

*AD 31 – Sejanus, Lucius Aelius Sejanus, Roman politician (b. 20 BC) * 325 – Emperor Ming of Jin (b. 299) *AD 707 – Pope John VII (b. 650) * 815 – Abu'l-Saraya, Zaydi rebel leader *1035 – Sancho III of Pamplona (b. 992) *
1081 Year 1081 ( MLXXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * April 1 – Emperor Nikephoros III is forced to abdicate the throne, and ...
– Nikephoros Palaiologos, Byzantine general *1101 – Hugh I, Count of Vermandois (b. 1053) *1141 – Leopold, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1108) *1214 – John de Gray, bishop of Norwich *1366 – Petrus Torkilsson, Archbishop of Uppsala *1382 – James Butler, 2nd Earl of Ormond, Irish politician, Lord Justices (Ireland), Lord Justice of Ireland (b. 1331) *1417 – Pope Gregory XII (b. 1326) *1442 – John, Lord of Reguengos de Monsaraz, Infante João of Portugal (b. 1400) *1480 – Uhwudong, Korean dancer and poet (b. 1440) *1503 – Pope Pius III (b. 1439) *1508 – Patrick Hepburn, 1st Earl of Bothwell, Lord High Admiral of Scotland *1511 – Philippe de Commines, French-speaking Fleming in the courts of Burgundy and France (b. 1447) *1526 – Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón, Spanish explorer (b. 1475) *1541 – Margaret Tudor, queen of James IV of Scotland (born 1489) *1545 – John Taverner, English organist and composer (b. 1490) *1558 – Mary of Hungary (governor of the Netherlands), Mary of Hungary (b. 1505) * 1561 – Yamamoto Kansuke (general), Yamamoto Kansuke, Japanese samurai (b. 1501) *1564 – Johannes Acronius Frisius, Dutch physician and mathematician (b. 1520) *1570 –
Manuel da Nóbrega Manuel da Nóbrega (old spelling ''Manoel da Nóbrega'') (18 October 1517 – 18 October 1570) was a Portuguese Jesuit priest and first Provincial of the Society of Jesus in colonial Brazil. Together with José de Anchieta, he was very influe ...
, Portuguese-Brazilian priest and missionary (b. 1517)


1601–1900

*1604 – Igram van Achelen, Dutch lawyer and politician (b. 1528) *1646 – Isaac Jogues, French priest, missionary, and martyr (b. 1607) *1667 – Fasilides, Ethiopian emperor (b. 1603) *1678 – Jacob Jordaens, Belgian painter illustrator (b. 1593) *1739 – António José da Silva, Brazilian-Portuguese playwright (b. 1705) *1744 – Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough (b. 1660) *1770 – John Manners, Marquess of Granby, English general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Derbyshire (b. 1721) * 1775 – Christian August Crusius, German philosopher and theologian (b. 1715) *1817 – Étienne Méhul, Etienne Nicolas Méhul, French pianist and composer (b. 1763) * 1865 – Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, English soldier and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1784) *1871 – Charles Babbage, English mathematician and engineer, invented the mechanical computer (b. 1791) *1876 – Francis Preston Blair, American journalist (b. 1791) *1886 – Philipp Franz von Siebold, German physician and botanist (b. 1796) *1889 – Antonio Meucci, Italian-American engineer (b. 1808) *1892 – William W. Chapman, American lawyer and politician (b. 1808) * 1893 – Charles Gounod, French composer and educator (b. 1818)


1901–present

*1908 – Nozu Michitsura, Japanese field marshal (b. 1840) *1911 – Alfred Binet, French psychologist and author (b. 1857) * 1921 – Ludwig III of Bavaria (b. 1845) *1931 – Thomas Edison, American engineer and businessman, invented the light bulb and phonograph (b. 1847) *1934 – Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Spanish pathologist, histologist, and neuroscientist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852) *1935 – Gaston Lachaise, French-American sculptor (b. 1882) *1941 – Manuel Teixeira Gomes, Portuguese lawyer and politician, 7th President of Portugal (b. 1860) *1942 – Mikhail Nesterov, Russian painter (b. 1862) *1947 – Michiaki Kamada, Japanese admiral (b. 1890) *1948 – Walther von Brauchitsch, German field marshal (b. 1881) *1956 – Yoshio Markino, Japanese painter and author (b. 1869) *1959 – Boughera El Ouafi, Algerian-French runner (b. 1898) *1961 – Tsuru Aoki, Japanese-American actress (b. 1892) *1962 – Iván Petrovich, Serbian-German actor and singer (b. 1894) *1965 – Henry Travers, Irish-American actor (b. 1874) *1966 – Elizabeth Arden, Canadian-American businesswoman, founded Elizabeth Arden, Inc. (b. 1878) * 1966 – S. S. Kresge, American businessman, founded Kmart (United States), Kmart (b. 1867) *1969 – Gyula Mándi, Hungarian footballer and manager (b. 1899) *1973 – Margaret Caroline Anderson, American publisher, founded ''The Little Review'' (b. 1886) * 1973 – Walt Kelly, American illustrator and animator (b. 1913) * 1973 – Leo Strauss, German-American political scientist, philosopher, and academic (b. 1899) *1975 – K. C. Douglas, American rural blues singer (b. 1913) * 1975 – Al Lettieri, American actor (b. 1928) * 1975 – Graham Haberfield, English actor (b. 1941) *1976 – Viswanatha Satyanarayana, Indian poet and author (b. 1895) * 1977 – Andreas Baader, German militant (b. 1943) * 1977 – Gudrun Ensslin, German militant leader, founded the
Red Army Faction The Red Army Faction (RAF, ; , ),See the section "Name" also known as the Baader–Meinhof Group or Baader–Meinhof Gang (, , active 1970–1998), was a West German far-left Marxist-Leninist urban guerrilla group founded in 1970. The ...
(b. 1940) *1978 – Ramón Mercader, Spanish journalist, assassin of Leon Trotsky (b. 1914) *1980 – Edwin Way Teale, American photographer and author (b. 1899) *1982 – Dwain Esper, American director and producer (b. 1892) * 1982 – Pierre Mendès France, French lawyer and politician, 143rd Prime Minister of France (b. 1907) * 1982 – John Robarts, Canadian lawyer and politician, 17th Premier of Ontario (b. 1917) * 1982 – Bess Truman, American wife of Harry S. Truman, 40th List of First Ladies of the United States, First Lady of the United States (b. 1885) *1983 – Diego Abad de Santillán, Spanish economist and author (b. 1897) * 1983 – Willie Jones (third baseman), Willie Jones, American baseball player (b. 1925) *1984 – Henri Michaux, French painter and poet (b. 1899) *1987 – Adriaan Ditvoorst, Dutch director and screenwriter (b. 1940) *2000 – Julie London, American singer and actress (b. 1926) * 2000 – Gwen Verdon, American actress and dancer (b. 1925) * 2003 – Preston Smith (governor), Preston Smith, American businessman and politician, 40th Governor of Texas (b. 1912) * 2003 – Manuel Vázquez Montalbán, Spanish journalist, author, and critic (b. 1939) *2005 – Johnny Haynes, English-Scottish footballer (b. 1934) * 2005 – Bill King, American sportscaster (b. 1927) *2006 – Mario Francesco Pompedda, Italian cardinal (b. 1929) * 2006 – Anna Russell, English-Canadian singer and actress (b. 1911) * 2006 – Laurie Taitt, Guyanese-English hurdler (b. 1934) * 2007 – Alan Coren, English journalist and author (b. 1938) * 2007 – William J. Crowe, American admiral and diplomat, United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom (b. 1925) * 2007 – Vincent DeDomenico, American businessman, founded the Napa Valley Wine Train (b. 1915) * 2007 – Lucky Dube, South African singer-songwriter and keyboard player (b. 1964) *2008 – Dee Dee Warwick, American singer (b. 1945) *2009 – Adriaan Kortlandt, Dutch ethologist and biologist (b. 1918) * 2009 – Nancy Spero, American painter and academic (b. 1926) *2010 – Marion Brown, American saxophonist and musicologist (b. 1931) * 2010 – Billy Raimondi, American baseball player (b. 1912) *2012 – Brain Damage (wrestler), Brain Damage, American wrestler (b. 1977) * 2012 – Sylvia Kristel, Dutch model and actress (b. 1952) * 2012 – Slater Martin, American basketball player and coach (b. 1925) * 2012 – George Mattos, American pole vaulter (b. 1929) * 2012 – Albert Lee Ueltschi, American pilot and businessman, founded FlightSafety International (b. 1917) * 2012 – David S. Ware, American saxophonist and composer (b. 1949) *2013 – Tom Foley, American lawyer and politician, 57th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (b. 1929) * 2013 – Bum Phillips, American football player and coach (b. 1923) * 2013 – Allan Stanley, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1926) * 2013 – Bill Young, American sergeant and politician (b. 1930) *2014 – Mariano Lebrón Saviñón, Dominican author and academic (b. 1922) * 2014 – Edward Regan, American academic and politician (b. 1930) * 2014 – Sidney Shapiro, American-Chinese author and translator (b. 1915) *2015 – Robert Dickerson, Australian painter (b. 1924) * 2015 – Gamal El-Ghitani, Egyptian journalist and author (b. 1945) * 2015 – Robert W. Farquhar, American engineer (b. 1932) * 2015 – Frank Watkins (musician), Frank Watkins, American bass player (b. 1968) * 2015 – Paul West (writer), Paul West, English-American author, poet, and academic (b. 1930) *2017 – Marino Perani, Italian football player and manager (b. 1939) *2018 – Lisbeth Palme, Swedish child psychologist, former chairwoman of UNICEF (b. 1931) * 2018 – Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab, 5th President of the Sudan (b. 1934) * 2019 – Rui Jordão, Angolan-born Portuguese footballer (b. 1952) *2020 – René Felber, 81st President of the Swiss Confederation (b. 1933) *2021 – Colin Powell, American military leader and statesman, 65th United States Secretary of State, Secretary of State (b. 1937) *2022 – Harvey Wollman, American politician, 26th Governor of South Dakota (b. 1935)


Holidays and observances

*
Alaska Day Alaska Day (russian: День Аляски) is a legal holiday in the U.S. state of Alaska, observed on October 18. It is the anniversary of the formal transfer of territories in present-day Alaska from the Russian Empire to the United States, ...
(Alaska, United States) *Christian feast day: **Justus of Beauvais **Luke the Evangelist **Peter of Alcantara, can also be celebrated on October 19. **October 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) *Independence Day (Azerbaijan), celebrates the independence of
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of th ...
from the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
in 1991. *Necktie Day (Croatia) *Persons Day (Canada) *International Menopause Society#Resources and publications, World Menopause Day


References


External links

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:October 18 Days of the year October