Nucleolin is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, res ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''NCL''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b ...
.
Gene
The human NCL gene is located on
chromosome 2 and consists of 14
exon
An exon is any part of a gene that will form a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing. The term ''exon'' refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene and to the corresponding sequen ...
s with 13
intron
An intron is any Nucleic acid sequence, nucleotide sequence within a gene that is not expressed or operative in the final RNA product. The word ''intron'' is derived from the term ''intragenic region'', i.e. a region inside a gene."The notion of ...
s and spans approximately 11kb. The intron 11 of the NCL gene encodes a
small nucleolar RNA
In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a class of small RNA molecules that primarily guide chemical modifications of other RNAs, mainly ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs and small nuclear RNAs. There are two main classes of snoRNA, t ...
, termed U20.
Function
Nucleolin is the major nucleolar protein of growing eukaryotic cells. It is found associated with intranucleolar chromatin and pre-ribosomal particles. It induces chromatin decondensation by binding to histone H1. It is thought to play a role in pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome assembly. May play a role in the process of transcriptional elongation. Binds RNA oligonucleotides with 5'-UUAGGG-3' repeats more tightly than the telomeric single-stranded DNA 5'-TTAGGG-3' repeats.
Nucleolin is also able to act as a transcriptional coactivator with Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter Transcription Factor II (
COUP-TFII).
Clinical significance
Midkine and
pleiotrophin bind to cell-surface nucleolin as a low affinity receptor. This binding can inhibit HIV infection.
Nucleolin at the cell surface is the receptor for the
Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), also called human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and human orthopneumovirus, is a common, contagious virus that causes infections of the respiratory tract. It is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. ...
(RSV) fusion protein.
Interference with the nucleolin - RSV fusion protein interaction has been shown to be therapeutic against RSV infection in cell cultures and animal models.
Interactions
Nucleolin has been shown to
interact
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with:
*
MTDH,
*
CSNK2A2
Casein kinase II subunit alpha' is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''CSNK2A2'' gene.
Interactions
CSNK2A2 has been shown to interact with over 160 different substrates.
CSNK2A2 has been shown to interact with:
* Activating transcri ...
,
*
Centaurin, alpha 1,
*
HuR
Hur or HUR may refer to:
People
* Hur (Korean name), also spelled Heo
* Hur (Bible), a number of biblical figures
* Hur-ul-Nisa Begum, first of the fourteen children of Mumtaz Mahal
Places
* Hur, Iran (disambiguation), a number of places
* H ...
,
*
NPM1
Nucleophosmin (NPM), also known as nucleolar phosphoprotein B23 or numatrin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NPM1'' gene.
Function
NPM1 is associated with nucleolar ribonucleoprotein structures and binds single-stranded and ...
,
*
P53
p53, also known as Tumor protein P53, cellular tumor antigen p53 (UniProt name), or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53) is a regulatory protein that is often mutated in human cancers. The p53 proteins (originally thought to be, and often s ...
,
*
PPP1CB,
*
S100A11,
*
Sjogren syndrome antigen B,
*
TOP1,
and
*
Telomerase reverse transcriptase
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (abbreviated to TERT, or hTERT in humans) is a catalytic subunit of the enzyme telomerase, which, together with the telomerase RNA component (TERC), comprises the most important unit of the telomerase complex.
T ...
.
References
Further reading
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{{PDB Gallery, geneid=4691
Proteins