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Nowshahr ( fa, نوشهر; also
Romanize Romanization or romanisation, in linguistics, is the conversion of text from a different writing system to the Roman (Latin) script, or a system for doing so. Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written text, an ...
d as Now Shahr, Noshahr, and Nau Shahr; also known as Bandar-e Noshahr and the former name was Dehno) is a city and capital of
Nowshahr County Nowshahr County ( fa, شهرستان نوشهر) is in Mazandaran province, Iran. The capital of the county is the city of Nowshahr Nowshahr ( fa, نوشهر; also Romanized as Now Shahr, Noshahr, and Nau Shahr; also known as Bandar-e Nosh ...
, Mazandaran Province,
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
. The largest ethnic group in Nowshahr is
Mazandarani people The Mazanderani people ( mzn, مازرونیون or mzn, تبریون) or Tabari people ( mzn, تپورون, links=no) are an Iranian peoples, Iranian peopleAcademic American Encyclopedia By Grolier Incorporated, page 294 who are indigenous to ...
. People of Nowshahr speak the Kojuri dialect of the
Mazanderani language Mazandarani (), or Tabari (), is an Iranian language of the Northwestern branch spoken by the Mazandarani people. , there were over 5,320,000 native speakers. As a member of the Northwestern branch (the northern branch of Western Iranian), etym ...
. They are also fluent in
Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...
, the official language of Iran. It is a port city, located on the southern coast of the
Caspian Sea The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, often described as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. An endorheic basin, it lies between Europe and Asia; east of the Caucasus, west of the broad steppe of Central Asia ...
. This city was the center of Ruyan (Tabaristan).


Climate and tourism

Nowshahr has a humid subtropical climate (
Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (born 1951), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author and ...
: ''Cfa'', Trewartha: ''Cf''), with warm, humid summers and cool, damp winters. With its humid, subtropical
climate Climate is the long-term weather pattern in an area, typically averaged over 30 years. More rigorously, it is the mean and variability of meteorological variables over a time spanning from months to millions of years. Some of the meteorologi ...
, sea bathing in the waters of the Caspian, and the natural environment of its mountains, Nowshahr has long been a destination for domestic
tourism Tourism is travel for pleasure or business; also the theory and practice of touring, the business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating tours. The World Tourism Organization defines tourism mor ...
in Iran. It attracts visitors by the hundreds of thousands every year to its hotels and private villas, by virtue of its transport links with the other cities of Northern Iran. During the reign of
Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi Mohammad Reza Pahlavi ( fa, محمدرضا پهلوی, ; 26 October 1919 – 27 July 1980), also known as Mohammad Reza Shah (), was the last ''Shah'' (King) of the Imperial State of Iran from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow in the Irani ...
Nowshahr was known unofficially as the 'second capital' or 'summer capital' of Iran because it was the city in which the Shah and most high-level government officials chose to live and work during the summer months. File:Amazing Fall In Nowshahr Jungle - panoramio (3).jpg, Tourists in July 2012 File:Sisangan Beach - panoramio.jpg, Sisangan Beach File:Mole of Nowshahr.jpg, Mole of Nowshahr File:Street in Nowshahr.jpg, Street in Nowshahr File:Nowshahr Bazaar.jpg, Nowshahr Bazaar File:باغ گیاه‌شناسی نوشهر، ورودی اصلی.jpg, National Botanical Garden of Iran


History

300px, Mazandaranis in Iran Nowshahr is part of kojur area and kojur is part of Ruyan. Ruyan is a land in the west of Mazandaran Province, Iran. This land includes
Kojur Kojur ( fa, كوجور, also Romanized as Kujur; also known as Baladeh-ye Kujūr, Kujūr, Dehe Kujūr) is a city in Tavabe-e Kojur Rural District, Kojur District, Nowshahr County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was ...
, Kalārestāq and
Tonekabon Tonekabon ( fa, تنكابن, also Romanized as Tonekābon; formerly known as Shahsavar (Persian: شَهسَوار), also Romanized as Shahsavār and Shahsawār) is a city and capital of Tonekabon County, Mazandaran Province, northern Iran. At ...
. The city of Kojur was the centre of the land of the Ruyans. Ruyan has always been part of the
Tabaristan Tabaristan or Tabarestan ( fa, طبرستان, Ṭabarestān, or mzn, تبرستون, Tabarestun, ultimately from Middle Persian: , ''Tapur(i)stān''), was the name applied to a mountainous region located on the Caspian coast of northern Iran. ...
, nowadays called Mazandaran province. The Ruyan was also called the Rostamdār, Ostandār and Rostamdele.


Culture and industry

Noshahr Airport Noshahr Airport (Persian: فرودگاه نوشهر) is an airport in Noshahr, Mazandaran, Iran. Noshahhr was one of the touristic places and the most important port cities of northern Iran during the Pahlavi era. Noshahr was known as the summ ...
, previously an army airbase and currently a civilian-only airport is located on the western part of the city. The city is also home to Imam Khomeini University for Naval Sciences, some branches and campuses of Azad University of Noshahr and
Chaloos Chalus ( fa, چالوس; romanized: Chālūs, Chaloos, Chalousse, Chalous, and Čâlus) is a city in Mazandaran Province in north of Iran. About It serves as the county seat for Chalus County. According to the 2006 census, it has a popula ...
, and Royan Institute of Higher Education. The Dual-use port of Noshahr was built by a Dutch contracting firm in late 1920s and is one of the most active ports of Iran in the
Caspian Sea The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, often described as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. An endorheic basin, it lies between Europe and Asia; east of the Caucasus, west of the broad steppe of Central Asia ...
. The city of Chaloos and its associated towns and villages were part of the Noshahr township prior to 1996 after which they formed the new township of Chaloos by legislation from the national parliament. The city has been slow to industrialize due to environmental considerations and having an already vibrant economy based on
Tourism Tourism is travel for pleasure or business; also the theory and practice of touring, the business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating tours. The World Tourism Organization defines tourism mor ...
,
Ship transport Maritime transport (or ocean transport) and hydraulic effluvial transport, or more generally waterborne transport, is the transport of people ( passengers) or goods (cargo) via waterways. Freight transport by sea has been widely used throu ...
and
Agriculture Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people t ...
, nevertheless there are local Food processing,
Timber Treatment Wood easily degrades without sufficient preservation. Apart from structural wood preservation measures, there are a number of different chemical preservatives and processes (also known as "timber treatment", "lumber treatment" or "pressure tre ...
and Steel industries. Recently, a trailer assembly plant has opened in cooperation with the
MAZ Maz or MAZ may refer to: * IATA code for Eugenio María de Hostos Airport, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico * Minsk Automobile Plant, abbreviated in Belarusian as MAZ * Myc-associated zinc finger protein, a protein encoded by the ''MAZ'' gene * Maz, a vill ...
of
Belarus Belarus,, , ; alternatively and formerly known as Byelorussia (from Russian ). officially the Republic of Belarus,; rus, Республика Беларусь, Respublika Belarus. is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by ...
.


Sports and leisure

Noshahr was home the Shamoushak who competed in the
Persian Gulf Pro League The Persian Gulf Pro League ( fa, لیگ برتر خلیج فارس, ''Lig-e Bartar-e Xalij-e Fârs''), formerly known as the Iran Pro League ( fa, links=no, لیگ برتر ایران, ''Lig-e bartar-e Irân''), is the highest division of profe ...
from 2003 to 2006. Shamoushak folded its football team in 2013.


Notable people

*
Pooran Farrokhzad Pouran Farrokhzad ( Persian: پوران فرخ‌زاد, February 1932 – 29 December 2016) was an Iranian writer, poet, playwright, and encyclopedist. She was author of the ''Encyclopedia of Women Culture Makers in Iran and in the World'' which ...
(b. 1933) – poet *
Mohammad Rouyanian Mohammad Reza Rouyanian ( fa, محمدرضا رویانیان) is an Iranian businessman, football administrator and former Revolutionary Guard commander. He was the chairman of famous multisport club Persepolis Athletic and Cultural Club from 20 ...
(b. 1960) – member of IRGC *
Mohsen Ashouri Mohsen Ashouri (Ashoori) is a former Iranian professional soccer player, who currently works as a soccer coach. https://www.linkedin.com/in/mohsen-ashoori-901045244/ Mohsen Ashooritaghi, known as Mohsen Ashouri (Ashoori), w ...
(b. 1965) – football player * Parviz Shiva (b. 1963) – Businessman * Reza Sheykholeslam (b. 1967) – politician * Kianoush Rahmati (b. 1978) – football player *
Rahman Ahmadi Rahman Ahmadi ( fa, رحمان احمدی, born 30 July 1980 in Noshahr, Iran) is an Iranian retired goalkeeper and coach. Club career Early career Ahmadi started his career as a youth player at Shamoushak Noshahr in 1998. In 2000, he was pr ...
(b. 1980) – football player * Hassan Rangraz (b. 1980) – wrestler * Bahman Tahmasebi (b. 1980) – football player * Esmaeil Bale (b. 1985) – football player * Meysam Hosseini (b. 1987) – football player


References


External links


Tabarestan Nowshahr Language Institutes آموزشگاه بزرگ زبان طبرستان نوشهر
{{Authority control Cities in Mazandaran Province * Populated coastal places in Iran Populated places on the Caspian Sea Port cities and towns in Iran Port cities and towns of the Caspian Sea