Norwegians with Pakistani background
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Pakistani Norwegians are Norwegians of Pakistani descent, around half of the Pakistani population in Norway are
Punjabis The Punjabis ( Punjabi: ; ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ; romanised as Panjābīs), are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group associated with the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of eastern Pakistan and northwestern India. The ...
and 65.23% of Pakistanis in Norway live in the capital Oslo. First-generation Pakistani Norwegians, who migrate from Pakistan, are distinguished from the mainstream in several demographic aspects, while second-generation Pakistani Norwegians, who are born in Norway, are well established in Norway and have gone on to become professionals and politicians.


History in Norway

The initial first-generation Pakistani Norwegians arrived in Norway as guest workers during the 1970s, under Norway's then-liberal immigration scheme which allowed for unskilled "guest workers" to temporarily settle in Norway. Most of these immigrants were young men that came from areas surrounding the town of Kharian, in Pakistan's Punjab province, though later waves included a high number of workers from Lahore, Pakistan's second-largest city. The law was later amended to allow for already arrived guest workers to permanently settle in Norway. Following stricter immigration laws passed in 1976, Pakistan immigration to Norway shifted from the arrival of new immigrants, to family reunifications, in which Pakistani Norwegians could apply for their close relatives and/or spouses to immigrate to Norway.


Employment

Almost 60% of Pakistani Norwegian women born in Norway are employed. On the other hand, 35.2% of Pakistani immigrant women in Norway are employed. Counting full employment at 30 hours of work per week, 20% of Pakistani immigrant women in Norway were in full-time employment and 8% worked 1 - 19 hours per week. By excluding part-time employment the statistics also showed that in 2017, males born in Norway with Pakistani heritage aged 30-39 had 16 percentage points lower employment compared to Norwegians. A study from 2012 revealed a high degree of discrimination against job seekers of Pakistani background: jobseekers with Pakistani names are 25% less likely to get a job interview than jobseekers with Norwegian names - the qualifications of the Norwegian jobseekers and jobseekers of Pakistani heritage, and the job application letters, being identical.


Crime

According to Statistics Norway, in the 2010-2013 period, the proportion of Pakistani-born perpetrators of criminal offences aged 15 and older in Norway was 69.3 per 1000 residents. When corrected for variables such as age and gender as well as employment, the total decreased to 63.6 after age and gender adjustment. This is higher compared to the averages of 44.9 among native Norwegians. Compared to other migration groups from Asia, Pakistanis had a lower proportion of perpetrators of criminal offences then migrants from Afghanistan (127.6 and 93.2 after age and gender adjustment) and migrants from Turkey (87.0 and 74.4 after age and gender adjustment). But it was higher than migrants from India (37.2 and 31.3 after age and gender adjustment) and migrants from Thailand (39.9 and 46.9 after age and gender adjustment).


Lifestyle and integrating into Norwegian society

Children of Pakistani immigrants sometimes struggle when trying to be loyal to both their family's traditional
Islamic culture Islamic culture and Muslim culture refer to cultural practices which are common to historically Islamic people. The early forms of Muslim culture, from the Rashidun Caliphate to the early Umayyad period and the early Abbasid period, were predomi ...
and the one of liberal Scandinavia. Second generation Pakistani Norwegians are sometimes told that they are different from Norwegians, although they feel at home only in Norway, while at home they may also be pressured by their parents to not become "too Norwegian". Riffat Bashir,
Imam Imam (; ar, إمام '; plural: ') is an Islamic leadership position. For Sunni Muslims, Imam is most commonly used as the title of a worship leader of a mosque. In this context, imams may lead Islamic worship services, lead prayers, ser ...
of Oslo's largest mosque often invites Norwegian church leaders and non-Muslim citizens to his mosque in order to partake in inter-faith and inter-ethnic dialogue. Family-related chain migration marriage has been common among Pakistani Norwegians, but has become less common since the year 2000. A decreasing number of second generation Pakistani Norwegians, i.e. Pakistani Norwegians born in Norway, obtain spouses from abroad: In 2010, 81 persons migrated to Norway by marrying a second-generation Pakistani Norwegian. The number of unmarried second-generation Pakistani Norwegians above 17 years increased "from 1 100 in 1998 to 3 700 in 2010". The same trend is seen in the age group 18 to 23 years. In 2012, 24 Pakistanis migrated to Norway by marrying a second-generation Pakistani Norwegian aged 18-23. During the same period, the number of unmarried second-generation Pakistani Norwegians in the same age group increased "from 1,000 in 1998 to 2,700 in 2012". In 2014, 11 Pakistani spouses migrated to Norway by marrying a second-generation Pakistani Norwegians, aged 18-23. And in 2015, only 3 Pakistani spouses migrated to Norway in connection with marrying a second-generation Pakistani Norwegians, from the age group 18-23 years. Also fewer and fewer first-generation Pakistani Norwegians, ie Pakistani immigrants in Norway, obtain spouses from abroad. In 2012, 10 Pakistani immigrants in Norway, aged 18-23, married spouses from Pakistan, even though "the number of unmarried immigrants from Pakistan residing in Norway has increased somewhat" in the period 1998 to 2012. Among young second-generation Pakistani Norwegians, it is now "almost as unusual to be married at the beginning of their twenties" as "it is generally among young people in Norway." This development can be explained by the fact that Pakistani Norwegians today have more potential marriage partners to choose among in Norway, and with the increasing participation of Pakistani Norwegians in higher education. Second-generation Pakistani-Norwegian women give in average birth to 1,95 children each, the same average as Norwegian women in general. According to statistics from 2009 Pakistani Norwegians generally had a spouse of Pakistani ancestry. The percentage of males marrying outside their ethnic group was slightly higher than among the females. However, more than 1000 children were registered in 2008 to have one Pakistani parent and one with Norwegian background. Thus, there must be more couples of mixed ethnicity having children than the number of marriages indicates. Partners having the same religious faith is important to 83% of Pakistani migrants in Norway and 77% of the second generation. An increasing number prefer travelling to Pakistan by changing onto a direct UK carrier at
Manchester Airport Manchester Airport is an international airport in Ringway, Manchester, England, south-west of Manchester city centre. In 2019, it was the third busiest airport in the United Kingdom in terms of passenger numbers and the busiest of those n ...
.


Politics

The Pakistani Norwegian community does not vote as a bloc for any particular party in Norway. Rather, there is a diversity of political beliefs, demonstrated by support for a variety of parties. Many Pakistani Norwegian politicians have been successful in their political campaigns.
Hadia Tajik Hadia Tajik (born 18 July 1983) is a Norwegians of Pakistani descent, Pakistani-Norwegian jurist, journalist and politician from the Labour Party (Norway), Labour Party. She served as Minister of Labour and Social Inclusion from 2021 to 2022. S ...
who was born in Norway to Pakistani parents became
Minister of Culture and Equality The Minister of Culture and Equality ( no, Kultur- og likestillingsminister; sometimes just ''kulturminister'' or ''likestillingsminister'' depending on context) is a councilor of state and chief of the Norway's Ministry of Culture. The ministr ...
in 2012. She is elected to the parliament from Oslo and is (2018) vice-chair of the Labour Party.
Akhtar Chaudhry Haque Nawaz Akhtar Chaudhry (born 23 July 1961) is a Pakistani-Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party and 4th Vice President (deputy speaker) of the Norwegian parliament from 2009 to 2013. He came to Norway from Pakistan in 1982. Cha ...
was until 2013 Member of Parliament and vice-president of the Parliament representing the Socialist Left Party. He migrated to Norway from Pakistan in 1982 and was the former head of the Pakistan Norwegian Welfare Organization. Afshan Rafiq is a former member of Stortinget for
Conservative Party The Conservative Party is a name used by many political parties around the world. These political parties are generally right-wing though their exact ideologies can range from center-right to far-right. Political parties called The Conservative P ...
. She still is still (2018) a deputy MP, representing the Oslo electoral district. Abid Raja is a Member of Parliament representing the Liberal Party from the
Akershus Akershus () is a traditional region and current electoral district in Norway, with Oslo as its main city and traditional capital. It is named after the Akershus Fortress in Oslo. From the middle ages to 1919, Akershus was a fief and main county ...
electoral district. Many Pakistani Norwegians are also involved in lower-level political life as members of regional councils and city councils. They have been particularly well represented in the Oslo city council, where they made up 10% of council members from 2003 to 2007.


Media & Entertainment

Deeyah Khan Deeyah Khan ( ur, , , born 7 August 1977) is a Norwegian documentary film director and human rights activist of Punjabi/Pashtun descent. Deeyah is a two-time Emmy Award winner, two time Peabody Award winner, a BAFTA winner and has received the ...
is the first mainstream recording artist of Pakistani heritage in Norway and is the first and only female World music producer of Norwegian Pakistani descent. Since 2006/07, she completely stopped performing as an artist, instead turning her focus to producing and composing music. Deeyah has produced Listen To The Banned, an internationally acclaimed album, followed by Nordic Woman. Deeyah is also known for her outspoken activism for women's rights, peace, and freedom of expression. She has directed and produced multiple award winning documentary films including Emmy and Bafta awards for films including about
honour killings An honor killing (American English), honour killing (English in the Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth English), or shame killing is the murder of an individual, either an outsider or a member of a family, by someone seeking to protect wha ...
named Banaz a Love Story. The film received an
Emmy Award The Emmy Awards, or Emmys, are an extensive range of awards for artistic and technical merit for the American and international television industry. A number of annual Emmy Award ceremonies are held throughout the calendar year, each with the ...
, a
Peabody Award The George Foster Peabody Awards (or simply Peabody Awards or the Peabodys) program, named for the American businessman and philanthropist George Peabody, honor the most powerful, enlightening, and invigorating stories in television, radio, and ...
and a Best Norwegian Documentary award at the Bergen International Film Festival. Deeyah has been awarded the 2012
Ossietzky prize The Ossietzky Award ( no, Ossietzkyprisen ) is a prize awarded by the Norwegian chapter of P.E.N., for extraordinary contributions to freedom of speech. The prize is named after writer and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Carl von Ossietzky. Recip ...
which is Norwegian PEN´s prize for outstanding achievements within the field of freedom of expression In 2016 Khan became the inaugural UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador for Artistic Freedom and Creativity. Adil Khan is a theatre and screen actor in Norway. He has played the lead role in a range of Norwegian productions from the hit series Taxi to
The Jungle Book ''The Jungle Book'' (1894) is a collection of stories by the English author Rudyard Kipling. Most of the characters are animals such as Shere Khan the tiger and Baloo the bear, though a principal character is the boy or "man-cub" Mowgli, ...
, West Side Story to @lice. He is also the judge on Norske Talenter.
Attia Bano Qamar Attia may refer to: *Attia (gens), a plebeian family at Rome Given name *Attia Al Nashwy (born 1988), Egyptian footballer *Attia El-Sayed Aly (born 1954), Egyptian volleyball player *Attia Hamouda (1914–1992), Egyptian weightlifter *Attia Hos ...
is the first girl from Oslo, Norway to represent Pakistan in the
Miss Pakistan World Miss Pakistan World is a beauty pageant for women of Pakistani descent from around the world. The event is held annually in Canada. History The pageant was originally launched in 2002 by Sonia Ahmed under the name of Miss Canada Pakistan. ...
pageant and went on to represent Pakistan in international pageants, Miss Globe and Queen of the World. Mah-Rukh Ali is the first news anchor of foreign descent working for Norway's state broadcasting network, the NRK - although another Pakistani Norwegian, Noman Mubashir, is the first personality of foreign descent on Norwegian TV and hosted the multi-ethnic programme,
Migrapolis ''Migrapolis'' (1997-2016) was a Norwegian award-winninTV programmeabout the everyday lives of immigrants in Norway since 1997. The programme's theme is multi-cultural Norway and it contains interviews with people of different backgrounds than Nor ...
, before hosting a Saturday night entertainment show. Zahid Ali, another Pakistani Norwegian, joined the ranks of minorities on Norwegian television by participating in the comedy program Rikets Røst on
TV2 Channel 2 or TV 2 may refer to: Television networks, channels and stations *Channel 2 (Iran), operated by Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting *Channel 2 (Israel), a commercial television station *, entertainment and music television in Latvia * ...
.
Ulrik Imtiaz Rolfsen Ulrik Imtiaz Rolfsen (born 4 May 1972) is a Norwegian film director, producer and writer. He is best known for his action drama ''IZZAT'' (2005), his TV series ''TAXI'' (2011) as well as documentary films ''Voluntarily Forced'' (2014) and '' Rec ...
is a Pakistani Norwegian who directed three movies, including '' Izzat'', a story which follows Wasim and his youth gang years in the 1980s to his young adult years in the 1990s. The film is set in Oslo and deals with the double standards in a tough Pakistani Norwegian gang environment. It relates directly to the difficulty of being raised as a
Muslim Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...
immigrant in western countries. The word ''Izzat'' means honour in Urdu. A number of Pakistani Norwegians were featured in this film, and a small portion was filmed in Lahore, Pakistan.


Education

Almost 10% of the medical students in Oslo are of Pakistani heritage. The figure is significant as Pakistani Norwegians only constitute 3.67% of Oslo's population. The proportion of Pakistani Norwegians, born and raised in Norway, in higher education at university level is higher than the Norwegian national average. Amongst Pakistani Norwegians born and raised in Pakistan the share is 17%, the same as the average for immigrants to Norway in general. Higher social pressure within the Pakistani Norwegian community pushes children into prestigious professions. Professions popular among Pakistani Norwegians have been dubbed collectively as ALI-professions, with ALI being an acronym for the Norwegian words for
lawyer A lawyer is a person who practices law. The role of a lawyer varies greatly across different legal jurisdictions. A lawyer can be classified as an advocate, attorney, barrister, canon lawyer, civil law notary, counsel, counselor, solic ...
, doctor and engineer. There is supposedly a noticeable slow shift where Pakistani Norwegians children are making educational choices regarded as less prestigious among Pakistanis. Around 72.4% of second-generation Pakistanis living in Norway are college-educated, almost at par with the statistics for overall Norwegians, reveals a survey conducted by the Ministry of Education of Norway. Internationally renowned researchers are, among others, Farrukh Abbas Chaudhry (medicine) and Shah Nawaz (petroleum chemistry), and the physicist
Kalbe Razi Naqvi Kalbe Razi Naqvi ( ur, قلب رضی نقوی; born 1944) is a British Pakistani-Norwegian physicist, who has been ordinarily resident in Norway since 1977, working as a professor of biophysics in the Norwegian University of Science and Technolo ...
.


Notable Pakistani Norwegians


See also

* Demographics of Norway * Immigration to Norway *
Islam in Norway Islam is the second largest religion in Norway after Christianity. As of 2021, the number of Muslims living in Norway was 169,605 (3.1% of the population of 5,415,166). The majority of Muslims in Norway are Sunni, with a significant Shia mi ...
*
Ahmadiyya in Norway Ahmadiyya is a religious community in Norway, under the spiritual leadership of the caliph in London. In the history of the Community it is stated that two Norwegian women converted in the 1920s. However, it was not until 1957, during the era of th ...
* Norway-Pakistan relations * Overseas Pakistani


References


The Pakistani Norwegians


External links



*  
Black-Haired Norwegians: Pakistani Women and Their Daughters

From Exclusion to Inclusion: the Pakistani Community in Norway

Oslo's trendy Pakistani hotspot

Changes in Food Habits among Pakistani Immigrant Women in Oslo, Norway

Iron deficiency among pregnant Pakistanis in Norway
{{Immigration to Norway Islam in Norway Muslim communities in Europe Norway