The Ninole Hills, also known as the Ninole Volcanic Series, are steep eroded hills of

shield A shield is a piece of personal armour held in the hand, which may or may not be strapped to the wrist or forearm. Shields are used to intercept specific attacks, whether from close-ranged weaponry or projectiles such as arrows, by means of a ...

basalt Basalt (; ) is an aphanite, aphanitic (fine-grained) extrusive igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity lava rich in magnesium and iron (mafic lava) exposed at or very near the planetary surface, surface of a terrestrial ...

s on the south side of the Island of Hawaii. Recent data suggests that these hills are either the remnants of large

escarpment An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that forms as a result of faulting or erosion and separates two relatively level areas having different elevations. The terms ''scarp'' and ''scarp face'' are often used interchangeably with ''escar ...

s that pre-date the Mauna Loa volcano (the largest active volcano in the world), or uplifted blocks from the oldest parts of the Mauna Loa fault system. The Ninole Hills are remains of the top rim of a big deep hollow left when the prehistoric Punaluu landslide slid away. The rim over time eroded into deep canyons as lava from Mauna Loa ran down into the hollow and slowly filled it instead of burying the rim area, until now parts of the tops of the inter-canyon ridges are still unburied. It is apparent from the ruggedness of the eroded hills that they are much older than the surrounding landscape. Most of the surface of Mauna Loa is thought to have formed within the last 4,000 years, but the Ninole Hills are estimated to be between 100,000 and 200,000 years old. During this period there seem to have been massive failures in the support of the south wall of Mauna Loa, resulting in debris

landslide Landslides, also known as landslips, are several forms of mass wasting that may include a wide range of ground movements, such as rockfalls, deep-seated grade (slope), slope failures, mudflows, and debris flows. Landslides occur in a variety of ...

s that removed chunks out of the volcano, revealing remnants of the older sections of Mauna Loa.

Footnotes

Landforms of Hawaii (island) Hills of the United States {{Hawaii-geo-stub