Nicopsis, Nikopsis, or Nikopsia ( el, Νικόψις; ka, ნიკოფსი, ნიკოფსია; ) was a medieval fortress and town on the northeastern Black Sea coast, somewhere between the towns of Tuapse, Russia, and New Athos, Georgia (country), Georgia. It features in the medieval Greek and Georgian sources as a Byzantine Empire, Byzantine outpost and then as the northwestern extreme of the Kingdom of Georgia. A center of Christianity in the region known as Zygii, Zichia, Nikopsis was at times a Byzantine bishopric and was believed to be a burial place of the apostle Simon the Canaanite.

Early records

Nikopsis first appears in the anonymous periplus of the 5th century as a Black Sea locale otherwise known as Palaia Lazike ("Old Lazica"), a toponym also mentioned in the 2nd-century ''Periplus of the Euxine Sea'' by Arrian. This name suggests that the area was a scene of a considerable tribal movement or, in the view of Anthony Bryer, could have been the original homeland of the Laz people.

Middle Ages

Nikopsis, as Napsa (ნაფსაჲ), appears as a Byzantine outpost—among the cities and places under "the sway of the servant of Christ, the king of the Names of the Greeks#Ionians, Ionians, who is residing in the great city of Constantinople"—in the 8th-century Georgian ''Abo of Tiflis, Vita of Abo of Tiflis'' by Ioane Sabanisdze. Nikopsis is called a ''kastron'', "fortress", located on the homonymous river between Abasgia, Abasgia (Abkhazia) and Zichia, by Constantine Porphyrogenitus in the 10th century. The Kingdom of Georgia expanded to the vicinity of Nicopsis during its Georgian Golden Age, "Golden Age" in the 12th and 13th centuries. Well known in the medieval Georgian texts was the boast that their kings held sway from . This formula determined the extent of the territory over which the Georgian monarchy claimed authority by means of its northwestern and northeastern geographic extremes, Nikopsis on the Black Sea and Derbend on the Caspian Sea, Caspian. It first appears in the controversial testament will of David IV of Georgia, David IV "the Builder", composed (or forged) in 1125, and recurs in the chronicles of the reigns of his successors, especially, Tamar of Georgia, Queen Tamar (r. 1184–1213).

Christianity

According to the 9th-century Byzantine author Epiphanius the Monk, who toured the area, there was a tomb in Nikopsis, containing relics, inscribed "of Simon the Canaanite", an Apostles in the New Testament, apostle. The tradition is also found in the 11th-century Georgian ''George the Hagiorite, Vita of George the Hagiorite'' by Giorgi Mtsire, who claims that Simon the Canaanite was buried "in our land, in Abkhazia, at the place which is called Nikopsi". Nikopsis was the seat of a Byzantine bishop of Zichia, probably founded under Justinian in the 6th century. In the middle of the 10th century, the see of Nikopsis was abolished or moved to Tmutarakan, Matracha.

Location

The location of Nikopsis is not known. A popular, but not universally accepted hypothesis first advanced by Frédéric Dubois de Montpéreux and followed by Fillip Brun, Boris Kuftin, Zurab Anchabadze, and Leonid Lavrov, places Nikopsis at Novomikhaylovsky at the mouth of the Nechepsukho river near Tuapse, where the early medieval imported pottery, roof tiles, and marble pieces have been unearthed. Alternatively, Nikopsis has been identified with Anakopia near present-day New Athos or placed by Yuri Voronov (archaeologist), Yuri Voronov at Tsandripsh, Tsandripsh/Gantiadi, where there are the ruins of an Gantiadi church, early medieval basilica.

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* {{coord missing, Russia Former populated places in Russia Medieval Georgia (country) Byzantine forts Defunct dioceses of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople