Nicolaus Kleinenberg (11 March 1842, in Libau – 5 November 1897, in

Naples Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adminis ...

) was a

Baltic German Baltic Germans (german: Deutsch-Balten or , later ) were ethnic German inhabitants of the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, in what today are Estonia and Latvia. Since their coerced resettlement in 1939, Baltic Germans have markedly declined ...

zoologist Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is usually regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the Animal, animal kingdom, including the anatomy, structure, embryology, evolution, Biological clas ...

and

evolution Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. These characteristics are the expressions of genes, which are passed on from parent to offspring during reproduction. Variation ...

ary morphologist. He studied at the

University of Jena The University of Jena, officially the Friedrich Schiller University Jena (german: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, abbreviated FSU, shortened form ''Uni Jena''), is a public research university located in Jena, Thuringia, Germany. The un ...

under

Ernst Haeckel Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel (; 16 February 1834 – 9 August 1919) was a German zoologist, naturalist, eugenicist, philosopher, physician, professor, marine biologist and artist. He discovered, described and named thousands of new sp ...

, obtaining his doctorate for studies of

embryo An embryo is an initial stage of development of a multicellular organism. In organisms that reproduce sexually, embryonic development is the part of the life cycle that begins just after fertilization of the female egg cell by the male spe ...

cleavage in

Hydra Hydra generally refers to: * Lernaean Hydra, a many-headed serpent in Greek mythology * ''Hydra'' (genus), a genus of simple freshwater animals belonging to the phylum Cnidaria Hydra or The Hydra may also refer to: Astronomy * Hydra (constel ...

. His later work ''Hydra - Eine anatomisch-entwicklungsgeschichtliche untersuchung'', in English "An anatomical-evolutionary investigation of Hydra" (

Leipzig Leipzig ( , ; Upper Saxon: ) is the most populous city in the German state of Saxony. Leipzig's population of 605,407 inhabitants (1.1 million in the larger urban zone) as of 2021 places the city as Germany's eighth most populous, as wel ...

, Wilhelm Engelmann, 1872) is a classic, still quoted monograph which has implications for

theory. Kleinenberg was a close friend of

Anton Dohrn Felix Anton Dohrn FRS FRSE (29 December 1840 – 26 September 1909) was a prominent German Darwinist and the founder and first director of the first zoological research station in the world, the Stazione Zoologica in Naples, Italy. He worked ...

, helping him to found the marine station at

Messina Messina (, also , ) is a harbour city and the capital of the Italian Metropolitan City of Messina. It is the third largest city on the island of Sicily, and the 13th largest city in Italy, with a population of more than 219,000 inhabitants in ...

, where he was professor. He worked with

Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov Ilya, Iliya, Ilia, Ilja, or Ilija (russian: Илья́, Il'ja, , or russian: Илия́, Ilija, ; uk, Ілля́, Illia, ; be, Ілья́, Iĺja ) is the East Slavic form of the male Hebrew name Eliyahu (Eliahu), meaning "My God is Yahu/ Jah ...

and Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow on their visits to Messina. Kleinenberg and

Hugo Eisig Hugo Eisig (1847, Baden – 10 February 1920) was a German marine zoologist. Hugo Eisig was a student of Ernst Haeckel. He served as a first assistant (1872–1909), then as a vice-director at Stazione Zoologica in Naples. Eisig was an expert on ...

were the first assistants at

Stazione Zoologica The Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn is a research institute in Naples, Italy, devoted to basic research in biology. Research is largely interdisciplinary involving the fields of evolution, biochemistry, molecular biology, neurobiology, cell biol ...

Selected writings

* ''Hydra : eine Anatomisch-entwicklungsgeschichtliche Untersuchung'', 1872 - Hydra, an anatomical-evolutionary investigation. * ''Una Stazione e Scuola Zoologica in Messina'', 1880 - The zoological station and school in Messina. * ''Sull'origine del sistema nervoso central degli Anellidi'', 1881 - On the

central nervous system The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain and spinal cord. The CNS is so named because the brain integrates the received information and coordinates and influences the activity of all par ...

annelid The annelids (Annelida , from Latin ', "little ring"), also known as the segmented worms, are a large phylum, with over 22,000 extant species including ragworms, earthworms, and leeches. The species exist in and have adapted to various ecol ...

s. * ''Die Entstehung des Annelids aus der Larve von Lopadorhynchus. Nebst bemerkungen über die Entwicklung anderer Polychaeten'', 1886 - On the formation of annelids from the larvae of Lopadorhynchus.WorldCat Search
(list of published works)

References

1842 births 1897 deaths Scientists from Liepāja People from Courland Governorate Baltic-German people 19th-century German zoologists {{Germany-zoologist-stub