Nguyễn Quảng Tuân
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Nguyễn Quảng Tuân (
Chữ Hán Chữ Hán (𡨸漢, literally "Chinese characters", ), Chữ Nho (𡨸儒, literally "Confucian characters", ) or Hán tự (漢字, ), is the Vietnamese term for Chinese characters, used to write Văn ngôn (which is a form of Classical Chinese ...
:
Ruan (, ) is a Chinese surname. The Taiwanese Hokkien version or is transcribed Oán and Ńg in Pe̍h-ōe-jī. The Cantonese language, Cantonese version is romanized Jyun2 in the Jyutping system or Yún in the Yale romanization of Cantonese, Y ...
) (June 11, 1925 – May 20, 2019) was a writer, poet and researcher in South Vietnam. He was born in the village of Yên Mẫn, the district Võ Giàng (now district of Quế Võ), the province of Bắc Ninh, northern Vietnam.


Background

Nguyễn Quảng Tuân, who was born on June 11, 1925, during his studying at Bưởi School in
Hanoi Hanoi or Ha Noi ( or ; vi, Hà Nội ) is the capital and second-largest city of Vietnam. It covers an area of . It consists of 12 urban districts, one district-leveled town and 17 rural districts. Located within the Red River Delta, Hanoi is ...
, already had poems published in ''Tia Sang and Thoi su Chu Nhat''. He also wrote a play in verse, ''The Sound of Flute on the O River'', which was performed twice: the first time on 4&5 May 1946 in the Grand Theater in Ha Noi and the second time on 23 & 24 of May, 1946 in Hà Tĩnh's local theater. He became a teacher at Ngô Quyền High School, Hải Phòng, in 1949, and by 1953 he had his ''Collection of Poems by Chu Mạnh Trinh and Thanh Tâm Tài Nhân'' published. He then had his mind set on studying
The Tale of Kiều ''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the m ...
by
Nguyễn Du Nguyễn Du (; 3 January 1766 – 16 September 1820), pen names Tố Như () and Thanh Hiên (), is a celebrated Vietnamese poet. He is most known for writing the epic poem ''The Tale of Kiều''. Biography Youth Nguyễn Du was born in a gre ...
. After he was promoted headmaster of Duy Tân high school in Phan Rang, he had his series of Vietnamese Literature textbooks successively published – grade 6 to 12 – as well as ''A Concise Comparative Spelling Dictionary''. After 1975, Nguyễn Quảng Tuân started his studies in Hán Nôm characters, especially ''The Tale of Kiều'', of which he had collected many ancient Nôm scripts. The favourite genre of Nguyễn is hát nói and he is famous for his works of
ca trù ''Ca trù'' (, , "tally card songs"), also known as hát cô đầu or hát nói, is a Vietnamese genre of musical storytelling performed by a featuring female vocalist, with origins in northern Vietnam. For much of its history, it was associated ...
. Following are comments from Professor
Trần Văn Khê Trần Văn Khê (24 July 1921 - 24 June 2015) was a Vietnamese musicologist, academic, writer, teacher and performer of traditional music. He was father of the musician ethnomusicologist . His ''La musique viêtnamienne traditionnelle'' (Paris, ...
, a well-known specialist in Vietnamese traditional music: "Reading ''Vịnh Kiều'' was such a surprise and delight. I know very well that Nguyễn Quảng Tuân is an expert in Kiều, but all his Kiều odes in hát nói genre are beyond my expectations. Writing 20 odes for the 20 episodes in the Tale of Kiều plus 6 odes for its 6 characters is no simple work. Such literary achievement must come from a poet who has not only deep understanding of Kiều but also comfortable use of the hát nói genre." Professor Trần Văn Khê is very accurate in his description of Nguyễn Quảng Tuân, both as a scholar and a poet. Following is a Đường luật poem in which Tuân goes over his life story in eight simple lines:
"Years of happiness in school environments Months and days of passion for literary arts. Ngô Quyền used to fill my soul with romance Võ Tánh saw my hair turn grey. Headmaster was I once in the land of sand and dust Teacher was I twice in the hometown of weeping willows. Inspector am I now at the ministry Pleased to be among loving fellows."Nguyễn Quảng Tuân, "Tiếng Tri Âm", Nhà Xuất Bản Văn Học, 1973, p. 19.
A devoted educator, a reputed textbook author and an experienced researcher in Truyện Kiều, knowledgeable in both Oriental and Western studies, Tuân was invited to sit as head judge in the Judge Committee of the Gold Book Contest held every two years. To research Nguyễn Du's career, the great author of world culture, Tuân spent many years travelling to France, England, US, Japan and China in search of documents and Nôm scripts of The tale of Kiều. In France, Tuân asked for a copy of Kim Vân Kiều tân truyện inscribed in 1871 at Liễu Vân Đường's request. That was the only Nôm copy left, now stored in the Inter-university Library of Oriental Languages in France. In the US, he obtained from Professor Đàm Quang Hưng a copy of ''Đoạn trường tân thanh'', revised, then copied by Hoàng Giáp Tiểu Tô Lâm – Nọa Phu – Nguyễn Hữu Lập at Tây hiên Ministry of Construction, Huế. This original copy of Truyện Kiều has now been sent to the Kiều expert, Nguyễn Quảng Tuân, by Professor Đàm Quang Hưng, so he can show it to those who need more information about it or who would like to see things with their own eyes. In England, he was able to hold a very beautiful handwritten copy of ''Kim Vân Kiều tân truyện'' with illustrations on every page and notes in Chinese. At the British Library, he was not allowed to copy the whole book but only a few pages for his personal library. In China, he traveled from Beijing to Hàng Châu, visiting the Tien Duong river to get to know more about the locations of Thúy Kiều's eventful life, and "to live the soul of each word of the book", as stated by Professor Dr. Mai Quốc Liên. In Vietnam, Tuân visited Nguyễn Du's paternal hometown in Tiên Điền, Nghi Xuân of Hà Tĩnh province. On the occasion, he wrote the following eulogy in honour of Nguyễn Du:
Hồng Sơn family history Widely reputed was Nguyễn of Tiên Điền Not as minister or top exam candidate But for his Tale of Kiều, a rare event. Living with great talents, without shame Bequeathing a glorious career of a hundred years On duty in Beijing On a chance encounter with Thanh Tâm Tài Tử At a hearsay about a devoted daughter With sympathy for the emotional Thúy Kiều He turned the story into a wonderful Nôm masterpiece As in Phan Thạch Sơ's comparison: In the Minh dynasty there lived a well-known woman In Đại Việt there was a book with eternally beautiful words. Such is Tố Như's reputation.
And on November 15, 2004, on a trip to his own hometown – Yên Mẫn, Võ Giàng of Bắc Ninh province – Tuân also headed for Nguyễn Du's maternal hometown – Kim Thiều (previously known as Hoa Thiều), Từ Sơn (previously called Đông Ngàn) of the same town, in search of more documents. Following is an extract from Quê Mẹ (Maternal hometown), which he wrote during the trip:
All through childhood All over the Northern capital of folk songs His soul was filled with passionate romance. His talent bloomed sublimely Into lovely lullabies that stay in babies' hearts.
During his trips in search of documents, he was lucky enough to meet Mr. Đinh Sỹ Hồng – head of the committee in charge of Nguyễn Du's commemoration. From him, Tuân obtained a copy of Kim Vân Kiều tân truyện, which Liễu Văn Đường had inscribed in 1866. This copy, discovered in Nghệ An in May, 2004, is now considered the oldest in the collection of Kiều's Nôm scripts. The Kiều expert, Mr. Nguyễn Quảng Tuân, immediately took to the transcribing, contrasting and annotating work, which was published by the Cultural House and Center of National Studies in September, 2004. Following is an extract from "The tale of Kiều. The oldest Nôm copy of 1886: A valuable literary work" (Jan. 5, 2005) by professor Trần Thanh Đạm: ''"Scholar Nguyễn Quảng Tuân, expert in Hán Nôm linguistics and literature, is well-known for his great collection of ancient scripts of Vietnamese literature, especially those of The tale of Kiều. As a result, the devoted researcher has now in hand almost all Nôm scripts of Kiều. This is a blessing which he deserves… Scholar Nguyễn Quảng Tuân is also appreciated for his use of modern computer technology: thanks to it, he has always provided us with Hán Nôm copies of good quality, well printed, accurate and so convenient for inspection and use by researchers."'' Tuân has spent 40 years collecting Nôm scripts of The tale of Kiều inscribed in wood one or two hundred years ago. This collection has made it possible to contrast the different copies and add appropriate annotations. As a result, the version of The tale of Kieu can now be revised to be as close as possible to Nguyễn Du's original. As stated above, Nguyễn Quảng Tuân is not only the expert in Kiều but also a poet. He published his verses in five books: ''Tiếng tri âm'' (Voice of a friend, including many verses in hát nói genre); ''Ca trù: Thú xưa tao nhã'' (Ca Trù, the refined entertainment of old days); ''Ca trù: Hồn thơ dân tộc'' (Ca trù, the poetic Soul of the people); ''Ca trù: Cung bậc tri âm'' (Ca trù: the musical notes of a friend) and ''Tập Kiều, vịnh Kiều'' (written in hát nói genre) Professor Trần Văn Khê also had remarks on Nguyễn Quảng Tuân's works on Ca trù: ''"As a poet, Nguyễn Quảng Tuân not only expressed the feelings of the past generations but also expands the inspiring topics. He was not only inspired by beautiful sceneries within the country like Hùng temple, Hạ Long and many famous pagodas. He also wrote many odes praising the Eiffel tower, the Concorde Square during his visit to Paris. When he visited the US, he praised the state of California, the Pacific coast line and Washington, D.C. In China, he climbed the Great Wall, meeting the challenge that a great man should visit the Great Wall. When he composed about this construction he mentioned its historical background… Based on the number of hát nói poems written before 2000 and recently, I can conclude that Nguyễn Quảng Tuân has composed the most hát nói works in great diversity. I would like to express my deep admiration for the erudition and creative mind of this very special author, poet and researcher on ca trù."'' The Nôm Preservation Foundation honored Nguyễn Quảng Tuân with the "Balaban Award" for his outstanding contribution to Nôm studies in 2010.


Artwork

* Chu Mạnh Trinh và Thanh Tâm Tài Nhân Thi Tập (1953) * Bộ sách Giảng Văn bậc trung học (1957–1973) * Giản Yếu Chính Tả Tự Vị Dối Chiếu (1958) *
Phan Văn Trị Phan may refer to: * Phan (surname), a Vietnamese family name * Phan District, Chiang Rai Province, Thailand * Phan River, Bình Thuận Province, Vietnam * Phan (tray) Phan ( th, พาน, ) is an artistically decorated tray with pedestal. It ...
: Con Người và Tác Phẩm (1986. ''Soạn chung với Nguyễn Khắc Thuần'') * Từ Ngữ Thơ Văn
Nguyễn Đình Chiểu Nguyễn Đình Chiểu (; 1 July 1822 – 3 July 1888) was a Vietnamese poet who was known for his nationalist and anti-colonial writings against the French colonization of Cochinchina, the European name for the southern part of Vietnam. H ...
(1987. ''Soạn chung với Nguyễn Khắc Thuần'') * Từ Điển
Lục Vân Tiên The ''Tale of Lục Vân Tiên'' (傳蓼雲仙; Truyện Lục Vân Tiên) is a 19th-century Vietnamese language, Vietnamese-language epic poem written in vernacular Chữ Nôm script by the blind poet Nguyễn Đình Chiểu (1822–1888). The 2 ...
(1989. ''Soạn chung với Nguyễn Khắc Thuần'') * Thơ Đường ( Tản Đà dịch): Sưu Tầm, Hiệu Đính, Dịch Nghĩa, Chú Thích (1989. ''Tái bản'' 2002) * Những Ngôi Chùa Danh Tiếng (1990) * Từ Điển Các Từ Tiếng Việt Gốc Pháp (1992) * Những Ngôi Chùa ở
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(1993) * Những Ngôi Chùa ở Nam Bộ (1994) * Tổng Tập Văn Học Việt Nam: Truyện Kiều – Chiêu Hồn (''Tập'' 12) * Tổng Tập Văn Học Việt Nam: Hoa Tiên – Sơ Kính Tân Trang – Mai Đình Mộng Ký (''Tập'' 13A) * Tổng Tập Văn Học Việt Nam: Chinh Phụ Ngâm Khúc – Cung Oán Ngâm Khúc – Ai Tư Vãn – Thư Dạ Lữ Hoài Ngâm – Tự Tình Khúc – Tỳ Bà Hành – Trường Hận Ca – Chúc Cẩm Hồi Văn (''Tập'' 13B) * Chữ Nghĩa Truyện Kiều – Khảo Luận (1994) * Truyện Kiều: Khảo Đính và Chú Giải (1995) *
Nguyễn Du Nguyễn Du (; 3 January 1766 – 16 September 1820), pen names Tố Như () and Thanh Hiên (), is a celebrated Vietnamese poet. He is most known for writing the epic poem ''The Tale of Kiều''. Biography Youth Nguyễn Du was born in a gre ...
Toàn Tập (''Soạn chung với Giáo Sư Tiến Sĩ Mai Quốc Liên'') (1996) *
Nguyễn Trãi Nguyễn Trãi (阮廌), pen name Ức Trai (抑齋); (1380–1442) was an illustrious Vietnamese Confucian scholar, a noted poet, a skilled politician and a master strategist. He was at times attributed with being capable of almost miraculous or ...
Toàn Tập - Tân Biên (''Soạn chung với Giáo sư Tiến sĩ Mai Quốc Liên, ...'') (1999) * Tìm Hiểu Nguyễn Du và Truyện Kiều – Biên Khảo (2000) * Truyện Kiều: (Bản Nôm) Liễu Văn Đường −1871, Phiên Âm và Khảo Dị (2002) * Truyện Kiều: (Bản Kinh) Bản Viết Tay – 1870, Phiên Âm và Khảo Dị (2003) * Truyện Kiều: (Bản Nôm) Cổ Nhất – 1866, Phiên Âm, Khảo Dị và Chú Thích (2004) * Truyện Kiều: (Bản Nôm) Bản Duy Minh Thị – 1891(1872) (2010) * Tiếng Tri Âm: Thơ – Ca Trù (2000) * Tập Kiều: Vịnh Kiều – Ca Trù (Sáng tác) (2002) * Ca Trù – Thú Xưa Tao Nhã (2003) * Ca Trù – Hồn Thơ Dân Tộc (2005) * Ca Trù – Cung Bậc Tri Âm (2007) * Ca Trù – Thơ Nhạc Giao Duyên (2008) * Lục Vân Tiên – Bản Nôm Cổ Nhất (2008) * More than 400 research articles published in magazines at home and abroad: ''Journal of Literature'' in Hanoi, Magazines ''Han Nom'', ''Enlightenment Weekly Report'', ''Tập Văn'' (Central Committee Cultural Buddhist Church of Vietnam), Magazines ''Traveller'', Arts Magazine, Knowledge Magazine Today, ''Journal of Research and Development'' (Huế), ''Vietnam Soul'', ...


References


External links


Balaban Award from Nôm Preservation Foundation.Copyright protection issue of Nguyễn Quảng Tuân.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nguyen, Quang Tuan 1925 births 2019 deaths People from Bắc Ninh province Vietnamese male poets 20th-century Vietnamese historians 21st-century Vietnamese historians