Neville Gruzman, Order of Australia, AM (14 November 1925 – 1 May 2005) was an Australian architect, mayor of Woollahra, writing, writer and architectural activist. He is considered to have exerted a decisive influence on Sydney's architecture, mostly through his dedication to designing architecture that reacts to the landscape and to the needs of the client.

Life

Gruzman was born in Sydney, Australia. His parents—Sam Gruzman and Rosalind Gunzburg—were of Russian origin. He was the middle son, with Laurence, the eldest and Des, the youngest. His childhood near Cooper Park, Bellevue Hill, New South Wales, Bellevue Hill, exerted a certain influence on him regarding his attitude towards landscape. He initially intended to fulfill his mother's wish to study medicine but enrolled for architecture after graduating from Sydney Boys High School.Philip Goad, Neville Gruzman (2006). ''Gruzman: An Architect and His City'' In the late 1940s he entered the Sydney University, University of Sydney, where ''Beaux-Arts architecture, Beaux Arts'' was a main subject. The first three years of his studyings were difficult for him as he wasn't good in drawing. However, he profited from his work experiences. He developed an interest in ballrooms, particularly mirrors and reflections, and won some skills with glamorous decoration from an interior decorator, Margaret Jaye. In his fourth year at university, he was attracted to the European Modernist architecture, Modernists, who influenced and furthered him. Before he graduated, he designed the ''Lapin House'', Rose Bay for his aunt. He graduated in 1952 and traveled to Europe with other graduates. Returning to Australia, he opened an office with Bill and Ruth Lucas. He read the work ''Architectural Beauty in Japan''. He later travelled to Japan on a four-and-a-half month study visit — a journey that would be followed by numerous others to the country. Later, Gruzman was amazed by the work of Frank Lloyd Wright. His understanding of the aspects of planning and of the necessities of an ongoing development grew decisively, in this period. In about 1967, he devoted himself to teaching; he is reported to have reassured his students attended the classes, regularly, and to have renounced holidays to provide extra tutorials for his students. He also participated in politics, to improve the quality of built environment. Gruzman had poor health. He suffered from asthma and heart attacks but managed to recover. He also had an accident that led to brain surgery causing the loss of most of his memory, including for details such as door dimensions, which he most attentively relearned.

Architecture

Gruzman mostly built residential houses in Sydney. His works are varied forms of Modernist architecture, Modernism known as Organic Modernism, or Regionalism (art), Regionalism; some show a strong influence by the works of Frank Lloyd Wright. The impressions exerted on him on his trips to Japan—mainly by the traditional Post and lintel, post and beam architecture he saw at places like Katsura Imperial Villa—influenced some of the homes he created and into which he eventually included Japanese elements (''Goodman House'', Middle Cove). In the 1960s Gruzman gained recognition for private homes built for wealthy and sometimes eccentric clients along Sydney's north shore, such as the ''Hill's House'' (1966), designed for a nudist and the "theatrical" ''Holland House'' (1962),built for an actress, who would both delight and scare her guests by dancing on the house's handrail-less balcony hanging over a cliff face. His work has been described as "major gestures, very Hollywood glamour." Gruzman's architectural principles included maximum exposure to sunlight and privacy visually and audibly. Gruzman is loosely connected to the 'Sydney School' of architects of the 1950s and 1960s—a movement that started in opposition to the International style (architecture), International Style of modernism supported by other Australian architects and that has recently been re-discovered by home buyers and architectural fans, leading to a trend to preserve the homes from the period. However, Gruzman's work deviates from the Sydney School style in important traits; Gruzman himself denied a connection to the movement.

Notable projects

Montrose Apartments — Neutral Bay, New South Wales (1954–55) Located at 445 Alfred Street, Neutral Bay, this lightweight glass and steel block of eight double-storey apartments was designed by Gruzman in his first year of practice. The building was highly innovative in its planning and visual impact in the landscape. It is a very early example of modernist curtain wall construction in Australia. Hills House — Turramurra, New South Wales, Turramurra, New South Wales (1966, 1983) Original client was Sam Rosenburg, a nudist and vegetarian. Gruzman's idea was to build a series of hills that surround the site on three sides making it visually and acoustically private. Later, expansion was added for new clients, a family with three children.Karen McCartney (2007). ''Iconic Australian houses: three decades of domestic architecture'' The building is referred to by Philip Goad as a product of two iconic 20th-century houses (Wright's Fallingwater and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Mies van der Rohe's Farnsworth House (Plano, Illinois), Farnsworth House) that created the ultimate diagram of abstract shelter in the landscape. Gruzman House — Darling Point, New South Wales, Darling Point, New South Wales (1958, 1965, 1995) Gruzman's own house is a hidden sanctuary, entirely private and distant from noise (Philip Goad). The living area was joyous, with its classical organic interior embellished with a collection of paintings, sculpture, and porcelain.Philip Goad.
Radar Obituary — Vale Neville Gruzman.
' Retrieved 22 February 2011 Jørn Utzon has judged that the house possessed the best living room in Australia.Valerie Lawson (7 May 2005).
Stirring the pot.
' The Sydney Morning Herald, retrieved 22 February 2011 Another focus point is Gruzman's wife's dressing room with infinite light reflections from the mirrors on the walls on all four sides and on the ceiling. Goodman House — Middle Cove, New South Wales, Middle Cove, New South Wales (1956–57, 1983) Designed for a couple soon after Gruzman's Japan trip, ideas of traditional Japanese architecture are infused in the design. Such as the entry to the pagoda-like end of the house and a sweeping curved roof suspended by cables. It is one of the early houses in Sydney to use materials such as dark stained timbers and natural brick. Gaden House (Mixed Use Office Building) — Double Bay, New South Wales, Double Bay, New South Wales (1968–71) A modernist three storey commercial building with a lower ground level located at the corner of Bay Street and Cooper Street, Double Bay (2a Cooper Street). It was designed in 1968, development application lodged on 18 March 1969 and later opened by NSW Premier Robert Askin on 25 November 1971. The building was designed for solicitors, Gaden, Bowen and Stewart, who occupied the first floor, and office space for lease on the second floor, eight shops on the ground floor and a large restaurant in the lower ground floor called D'Arcys. In a 2018 heritage assessment Anne Warr described how the project ''"... challenged the status quo of suburban shopping centres and transformed what could have been an ordinary suburban office and retail building into a work of art, pushing the design boundaries to produce a building that was a sculpture, both as an object in the streetscape at night as well as during the day, and in the interiors as a delightful and environmentally comfortable place to work."'' In 2018 a development application was made for major changes to the building. A petition from local architects and the community was established to raise the plight of the building. The application was rejected by Woollahra Council. In 2020 the building was sold, and a new development application prepared that preserved the original Gruzman design. The new development application was prepared by architects Lawton Hurley and approved in 2022.

Other projects

*Lapin House, Rose Bay, New South Wales (1949–52) *Purnell Motors Pty Ltd, Arncliffe, New South Wales (1955) *Riedl House, Bellevue Hill (1955–1956) *South Head Synagogue, Rose Bay, New South Wales (1957) *Benjamin House, Longueville, New South Wales (1959) *Drumalbyn Road, Bellevue Hill (1960s?) *Salz House, Mosman, New South Wales (1960) *Fogl Medical Centre, Gladesville, New South Wales (1961) *Holland House, Middle Cove, New South Wales (1961) *Les Girls, Kings Cross, New South Wales (1961) *Wewak Council Chambers, Wewak, Papua New Guinea (1961) *Astor Glass Factory, Surry Hills, New South Wales (1962) *Lend Lease Group, Lend Lease Corporation Houses, Carlingford, New South Wales (1961–62) *Long House, Dolls Point, New South Wales (1962–1964) *Rudy Komon Art Gallery, Paddington, New South Wales (1963–64) *Probert House, St Ives, New South Wales (1957–58, 1966) *Illaroo Public School, Nowra, New South Wales (1967) *Murwillumbah High School, Murwillumbah, New South Wales (1968) *Wagga Agricultural Residential College, Wagga, New South Wales (1970) *Gregory & Carr Funeral Chapel, Mona Vale, New South Wales (1968) *Wentworth Bowling Green, Double Bay, New South Wales (1969) *RG Menzies Building, Double Bay, New South Wales (1969) *Gowing House, Castlecrag, New South Wales (1969) *Gruzman Office, Woollahra, New South Wales (1969) *Healey House, Hunters Hill, New South Wales (1972) *Kingswood Public School, Kingswood, New South Wales (1974) *McHollick House, Paddington, New South Wales (1974) *Chadwick House, Forestville, New South Wales (1961–64, 1968, 1976) *Wellman House, Forestville, New South Wales (1962) *Sussex House, Sydney, New South Wales (1973) *Helen Keller House, Woollahra, New South Wales (1973) *Glenmore Country Club, Glenmore, New South Wales (1974) *Thorpe House, Palm Beach, New South Wales (1978) *Hamilton House, Bilgola Beach, New South Wales (1979) *Sydney Boys High School additions, Moore Park, New South Wales (1985)

Political career

In the 1980s Gruzman joined the Anti-Wall Committee formed to protect the Sydney Opera House from nearby urban development. In 1997 he chaired the renamed "Save East Circular Quay Committee". In the 1990s Gruzman became politically active and was elected first as a councilor and then mayor of Woollahra, New South Wales, Woollahra, on a platform of responsible urban development. He was a critic of urban planning in Sydney, and also Sydney architects, notably Harry Seidler. Both his architectural criticism and time as mayor were controversial.

Career as a teacher

Gruzman began teaching at the University of New South Wales in the 1960s with a number of contemporary modernist architects such as Bill Lucas and Harry Howard (landscape architect), Harry Howard. He became an Adjunct Professor and, as a critic of shortening teaching hours and increasing class size, was known for using Saturdays and public holidays to give extra classes to his students at his own home. In 2002 he established two student awards at the Faculty of the Built Environment, both for the best use of urban design in architecture. In his studio practise, beginning from the 1950s, he also employed and trained many notable Sydney architects, including Pritzker Prize winner Glenn Murcutt.

Portrait and memoirs

In 1970, Gruzman was the subject of the winning entry for the Archibald Prize, painted by Eric Smith (artist), Eric Smith. Gruzman sat for Smith several times, and commissioned Smith to contribute mosaics and stained glass for buildings he designed, including the South Head and District Synagogue in Rose Bay, as well as paintings Smith produced for the houses of his clients. Most of Gruzman's houses were photographed by Max Dupain and David Moore (Australian photographer), David Moore. Gruzman's memoirs, incorporated into a book written by Philip Goad and featuring many of the Dupain and Moore photographs, was published posthumously in 2006 by Thames & Hudson.

Honours

Gruzman was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in the 1985 Australia Day Honours.It's an Honour
Retrieived 27 April 2015 The ''Margot and Neville Gruzman Award for Urban Design in Architecture'' was named after Gruzman acknowledging his commitment to teaching of architecture and urban design at the University of New South Wales. The award is given to the best fourth year student, and an award for best final year architecture student whose design studio project best recognises the importance of urban design in architecture.Guy Keulemans (19 February 2006)
Margot and Neville Gruzman Award
Guykeulemans.com, retrieved 22 February 2011

References

External links

Gallery of Selected WorksObituary, Architecture Australia
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gruzman, Neville 1925 births 2005 deaths Australian people of Russian descent New South Wales architects Modernist architects 20th-century Australian architects Organic architecture Members of the Order of Australia Mayors of Woollahra