''Nepenthes bongso'' is a tropical
pitcher plant
Pitcher plants are several different carnivorous plants which have modified leaves known as pitfall traps—a prey-trapping mechanism featuring a deep cavity filled with digestive liquid. The traps of what are considered to be "true" pitcher p ...
endemic
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found else ...
to
Sumatra, where it has an altitudinal distribution of 1000–2700 m
above sea level.
[Clarke, C.M. 2001. '']Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia
''Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia'' is a monograph by Charles Clarke on the tropical pitcher plants of Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, and their minor surrounding islands. It was published in 2001 by Natural History Publications (Bor ...
''. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. The
specific epithet ''bongso'' refers to the
Indonesian legend of ''Putri Bungsu'' (literally "youngest daughter"), the spirit guardian of
Mount Marapi
The Marapi (), or Mount Marapi ( min, Ú¬ÙˆÙ†ÙˆÙˆØ§Ú Ù…Ø§Ø±Ø§Ú¤ÙŠ, Gunuang Marapi) is a complex volcano in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Its name means ''Mountain of Fire'', and it is the most active volcano in Sumatra. Its elevation is . A number of ...
.
The species was
formally described by
Pieter Willem Korthals
Pieter Willem Korthals (September 1, 1807, Amsterdam – March 1892, Haarlem) was a Dutch botanist. Korthals was the official botanist with the Dutch East India Service from 1831 to 1836.
Among his many discoveries was the medicinal plant Krat ...
in his 1839 monograph, "
Over het geslacht ''Nepenthes''".
''Nepenthes carunculata'' is considered a
heterotypic synonym
The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently.
* In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linn ...
of ''N. bongso'' by most authorities.
The
infraspecific taxon
In botany, an infraspecific name is the scientific name for any taxon below the rank of species, i.e. an infraspecific taxon or infraspecies. (A "taxon", plural "taxa", is a group of organisms to be given a particular name.) The scientific names ...
''Nepenthes carunculata'' var. ''robusta'' was described in 1994 by
Joachim Nerz Dr. Joachim Nerz (born 1964) is a German taxonomist and botanist specialising in the carnivorous plant genera ''Heliamphora'' and '' Nepenthes''. Nerz has described several new species, mostly with Andreas Wistuba.
Publications
* Schlauer, J. ...
and
Andreas Wistuba
Andreas Wistuba (born 4 March 1967) is a German taxonomist and botanist specialising in the carnivorous plant genera ''Heliamphora'' and '' Nepenthes''. More than half of all known ''Heliamphora'' species have been described by Wistuba.
Pub ...
.
[Nerz, J. & A. Wistuba 1994]
Five new taxa of ''Nepenthes'' (Nepenthaceae) from North and West Sumatra
. ''Carnivorous Plant Newsletter
The ''Carnivorous Plant Newsletter'' is the official publication of the International Carnivorous Plant Society (ICPS), the largest such organization in the world. It is headquartered in Walnut Creek, California.
History and editorship
The newsle ...
'' 23(4): 101–114. It is an extreme variety of this
taxon
In biology, a taxon ( back-formation from '' taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular n ...
with a large, flared
peristome Peristome (from the Greek ''peri'', meaning 'around' or 'about', and ''stoma'', 'mouth') is an anatomical feature that surrounds an opening to an organ or structure. Some plants, fungi, and shelled gastropods have peristomes.
In mosses
In mosse ...
.
In his Carnivorous Plant Database, taxonomist
Jan Schlauer
Jan, JaN or JAN may refer to:
Acronyms
* Jackson, Mississippi (Amtrak station), US, Amtrak station code JAN
* Jackson-Evers International Airport, Mississippi, US, IATA code
* Jabhat al-Nusra (JaN), a Syrian militant group
* Japanese Article Numb ...
treats ''
N. junghuhnii'' (''sensu''
Macfarlane) as a possible synonym of ''N. bongso''.
[Schlauer, J.]
''Nepenthes junghuhnii''
Carnivorous Plant Database.
Related species
Nepenthes bongso 2.JPG, A typical lower pitcher of ''N. bongso''
Nepenthes bongso 3.JPG, Lower pitchers (developing, open, and dried)
Nepenthes carunculata lower pitchers.jpg, Lower pitchers of ''N. carunculata'', which is often treated as a synonym
Natural hybrids
The following natural
hybrids involving ''N. bongso'' have been recorded.
*''N. bongso'' × ''
N. gymnamphora''
*''N. bongso'' × ''
N. singalana''
*''N. bongso'' × ''
N. talangensis''
In his 1928 monograph "
The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies
"The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies" is a seminal monograph by B. H. Danser on the tropical pitcher plants of the Dutch East Indies and surrounding regions. It was originally published in the ''Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg ...
",
B. H. Danser mentioned what he thought was the hybrid ''N. bongso'' × ''
N. pectinata'';
however, this plant material is now known to represent ''
N. densiflora'',
a species described by Danser 12 years later.
[Danser, B.H. 1940. A new ''Nepenthes'' from Sumatra. ''Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg'', Série III, 16: 268–271.]
Notes
:a.''Nepenthes carunculata'' is pronounced . The
specific epithet is derived from the
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
word ''
caruncula'', a diminutive of ''
caro
Caro may refer to: Places
* Caro, Michigan, United States
* Caro, Morbihan, France
* Çaro, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France
Other uses
* Caro (given name), including a list of people with the given name
* Caro (surname), including a list of peo ...
'' (flesh), and refers to the fleshy seed appendages of this taxon.
References
Further reading
* Bauer, U., C.J. Clemente, T. Renner & W. Federle 2012. Form follows function: morphological diversification and alternative trapping strategies in carnivorous ''Nepenthes'' pitcher plants. ''Journal of Evolutionary Biology'' 25(1): 90–102.
* Blume, C.L. 1852
Ord. Nepenthaceae.In:
Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum, sive stirpium exoticarum novarum vel minus cognitarum ex vivis aut siccis brevis expositio. Tom. II. Nr. 1.' E.J. Brill, Lugduni-Batavorum. pp. 5–10.
* Clarke, C.M. 2006. Introduction. In: Danser, B.H. ''
The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies
"The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies" is a seminal monograph by B. H. Danser on the tropical pitcher plants of the Dutch East Indies and surrounding regions. It was originally published in the ''Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg ...
''. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. pp. 1–15.
* Clarke, C. & C.C. Lee 2012
A revision of ''Nepenthes'' (Nepenthaceae) from Gunung Tahan, Peninsular Malaysia.''Gardens' Bulletin Singapore'' 64(1): 33–49.
* Hernawati & P. Akhriadi 2006. ''
A Field Guide to the Nepenthes of Sumatra
This list of ''Nepenthes'' literature is a listing of major published works dealing with the tropical pitcher plants of the genus ''Nepenthes''. It includes specialised standalone publications and taxonomic monographs released as part of large ...
''. PILI-NGO Movement, Bogor.
* Kato, M., M. Hotta, R. Tamin & T. Itino 1993. Inter- and intra-specific variation in prey assemblages and inhabitant communities in ''Nepenthes'' pitchers in Sumatra. ''Tropical Zoology'' 6(1): 11–25
Abstract
* Kurata, S. 1973. ''Nepenthes'' from Borneo, Singapore and Sumatra. ''The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore'' 26(2): 227–232.
* Macfarlane, J.M. 1914
Family XCVI. Nepenthaceæ. p. 279–288In: J.S. Gamble
Materials for a flora of the Malayan Peninsula, No. 24.''Journal & Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal'' 75(3): 279–391.
* Mansur, M. 2001
Koleksi ''Nepenthes'' di Herbarium Bogoriense: prospeknya sebagai tanaman hias.In: ''Prosiding Seminar Hari Cinta Puspa dan Satwa Nasional''. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Bogor. pp. 244–253.
* Meimberg, H., A. Wistuba, P. Dittrich & G. Heubl 2001. Molecular phylogeny of Nepenthaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid trnK intron sequence data. ''Plant Biology'' 3(2): 164–175.
* Meimberg, H. 2002.â
Molekular-systematische Untersuchungen an den Familien Nepenthaceae und Ancistrocladaceae sowie verwandter Taxa aus der Unterklasse Caryophyllidae s. l..Ph.D. thesis, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich.
* Meimberg, H. & G. Heubl 2006. Introduction of a nuclear marker for phylogenetic analysis of Nepenthaceae. ''Plant Biology'' 8(6): 831–840.
* Puspitaningtyas, D.M. & H. Wawangningrum 2007
Keanekaragaman ''Nepenthes'' di Suaka Alam Sulasih Talang - Sumatera Barat. 'Nepenthes'' diversity in Sulasih Talang Nature Reserve - West Sumatra.''Biodiversitas'' 8(2): 152–156.
Cover
* Redwood, G.N. & J.C. Bowling 1990
''Botanic Gardens Micropropagation News'' 1(2): 19–20.
* Ridley, H.N. 1915
Nepenthaceæ. p. 168–169In
XIII. The botany of Gunong Tahan, Pahang.''Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums'' 6: 127–202.
* Shivas, R.G. 1984
Three ''Nepenthes'' from the Padang Highlands.''
Carnivorous Plant Newsletter
The ''Carnivorous Plant Newsletter'' is the official publication of the International Carnivorous Plant Society (ICPS), the largest such organization in the world. It is headquartered in Walnut Creek, California.
History and editorship
The newsle ...
'' 13(1): 10–15.
* Syamsuardi & R. Tamin 1994
Kajian kekerabatan jenis-jenis ''Nepenthes'' di Sumatera Barat.Project report, Andalas University, Padang
Abstract
* Syamsuardi 1995
Klasifikasi numerik kantong semar (''Nepenthes'') di Sumatera Barat. umerical classification of pitcher plants (''Nepenthes'') in West Sumatra.''Journal Matematika dan Pengetahuan Alam'' 4(1): 48–57
Abstract
External links
at the Carnivorous Plant Photofinder
{{Nepenthes
bongso
Endemic flora of Sumatra
Carnivorous plants of Asia
Plants described in 1839