The Neognathostomata are a superorder of
sea urchins.
Description and characteristics
They are distinguished from other sea urchins by their irregular shape and a highly modified feeding lantern. The group includes the well known
sand dollar
Sand dollars (also known as a sea cookie or snapper biscuit in New Zealand, or pansy shell in South Africa) are species of flat, burrowing sea urchins belonging to the order Clypeasteroida. Some species within the order, not quite as flat, are k ...
s, as well as some less familiar and extinct forms.
Taxonomy
* familia ''
Apatopygidae''
Kier, 1962
* familia ''
Archiaciidae''
Cotteau & Triger, 1869 †
* order ''
Cassiduloida''
** Super-familia ''
Cassidulina''
(Philip, 1963b)
*** familia ''
Cassidulidae
Cassidulidae is a family of echinoderms belonging to the order Cassiduloida.
Genera:
* '' Anisopetalus''
* '' Cassidulus'' Lamarck, 1801
* '' Echinobrinus'' Ébray, 1862
* ''Eurhodia
''Eurhodia'' is a genus of echinoderms belonging to the fa ...
''
(L. Agassiz and Desor, 1847)
** Super-familia ''
Neolampadina''
(Philip, 1963b)
*** familia ''
Neolampadidae''
(Lambert, 1918a)
*** familia ''
Pliolampadidae''
(Kier, 1962) †
* order ''
Clypeasteroida
Sand dollars (also known as a sea cookie or snapper biscuit in New Zealand, or pansy shell in South Africa) are species of flat, burrowing sea urchins belonging to the order Clypeasteroida. Some species within the order, not quite as flat, are k ...
''
A.Agassiz, 1872 ("sand dollars")
** sous-order ''
Clypeasterina''
*** familia ''
Clypeasteridae
Clypeasteridae is a family of sea urchins in the order Clypeasteroida. This family was first scientifically described in 1835 by the Swiss-American biologist Louis Agassiz.
Genera
The World Register of Marine Species list the following genera a ...
''
L. Agassiz, 1835
*** familia ''
Fossulasteridae''
Philip & Foster, 1971 †
*** familia ''
Scutellinoididae''
Irwin, 1995 †
** familia ''
Conoclypidae''
von Zittel, 1879 †
** familia ''
Faujasiidae''
Lambert, 1905 †
** familia ''
Oligopygidae''
Duncan, 1889 †
** familia ''
Plesiolampadidae''
Lambert, 1905 †
** sous-order ''
Scutellina''
*** infra-order ''
Laganiformes''
**** familia ''
Echinocyamidae''
Lambert & Thiéry, 1914
**** familia ''
Fibulariidae
Fibulariidae is a family of echinoderms belonging to the order Clypeasteroida
Sand dollars (also known as a sea cookie or snapper biscuit in New Zealand, or pansy shell in South Africa) are species of flat, burrowing sea urchins belonging to t ...
''
Gray, 1855
**** familia ''
Laganidae''
Desor, 1858
*** infra-order ''
Scutelliformes''
**** familia ''
Echinarachniidae''
Lambert in Lambert & Thiéry, 1914
**** familia ''
Eoscutellidae''
Durham, 1955 †
**** familia ''
Protoscutellidae''
Durham, 1955 †
**** familia ''
Rotulidae''
Gray, 1855
**** super-familia ''
Scutellidea''
Gray, 1825
***** familia ''
Abertellidae''
Durham, 1955 †
***** familia ''
Astriclypeidae''
Stefanini, 1912
***** familia ''
Dendrasteridae''
Lambert, 1900
***** familia ''
Mellitidae''
Stefanini, 1912
***** familia ''
Monophorasteridae''
Lahille, 1896 †
***** familia ''
Scutasteridae''
Durham, 1955 †
***** familia ''
Scutellidae''
Gray, 1825
**** familia ''
Taiwanasteridae
Taiwanasteridae is a family of echinoderms belonging to the order Clypeasteroida
Sand dollars (also known as a sea cookie or snapper biscuit in New Zealand, or pansy shell in South Africa) are species of flat, burrowing sea urchins belonging ...
''
Wang, 1984
*** familia ''
Scutellinidae''
Pomel, 1888a †
* familia ''
Clypeidae''
Lambert, 1898 †
* familia ''
Clypeolampadidae''
Kier, 1962 †
* order ''
Echinolampadoida''
** familia
Echinolampadidae''
Gray, 1851a
* familia ''
Nucleolitidae''
L. Agassiz & Desor, 1847 †
* familia ''
Pygaulidae''
Lambert, 1905 †
* genus ''
Pygolampas''
Saucède, Dudicourt & Courville, 2012 †
References
*
*
Echinoidea
{{echinoidea-stub