The necessitative mood (
abbreviated
An abbreviation (from Latin ''brevis'', meaning ''short'') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method. It may consist of a group of letters or words taken from the full version of the word or phrase; for example, the word ''abbrevia ...
) is a
grammatical mood
In linguistics, grammatical mood is a grammatical feature of verbs, used for signaling modality. That is, it is the use of verbal inflections that allow speakers to express their attitude toward what they are saying (for example, a statement of ...
found in
Turkish and
Armenian, which combines elements of both the
cohortative (which is typically used in only the first person) and the
jussive
The jussive (abbreviated ) is a grammatical mood of verbs for issuing orders, commanding, or exhorting (within a subjunctive framework). English verbs are not marked for this mood. The mood is similar to the ''cohortative'' mood, which typically a ...
moods (which is typically only used in the first and third persons
). It expresses plea, insistence, imploring, self-encouragement, wish, desire, intent, command, purpose or consequence.
Examples of the necessitative in Turkish:
: Turkish: ''Bakmalıyım'' (I must look); ''bakmamalısınız'' (you (pl). should not look); ''gitmeliyiz'' (we have to go/we need to go)
Both
Eastern and
Western Armenian
Western Armenian ( Classical spelling: , ) is one of the two standardized forms of Modern Armenian, the other being Eastern Armenian. It is based mainly on the Istanbul Armenian dialect, as opposed to Eastern Armenian, which is mainly base ...
have a past and a non-past necessitative. Eastern Armenian forms its necessitative by adding the particle պիտի ''piti'' before the optative forms, while Western Armenian forms its necessitative with the ''lu'' future participle plus the forms of ''әllal'' (to be).
The Eastern particle ''piti'' is orthographically identical to the Western particle ''bidi'', which is used to form the future indicative and conditional. In turn, the Western necessitative forms correspond to Eastern future indicative and future perfect.
References
Grammatical moods
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