National Brain Research Centre
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

National Brain Research Centre is a research institute in
Manesar Manesar is a town and municipal corporation, know new Gurugram City in the Gurugram district of the state of Haryana, India and a part of the National Capital Region (NCR) of Delhi. It is an industrial hub. Its proximity to the burgeoning cit ...
,
Gurgaon Gurgaon (pronunciation: ”ŹŠÉ½É”Ć£Ėw, officially named Gurugram (pronunciation: ”ŹŠÉ¾ŹŠÉ”ɾaĖm, is a city located in the northern Indian state of Haryana. It is situated near the Delhiā€“Haryana border, about southwest of the nationa ...
,
India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
. It is an autonomous institute and a nodal center under the
Department of Biotechnology The Department of Biotechnology (DBT) is an Indian government department, under the Ministry of Science and Technology responsible for administrating development and commercialisation in the field of modern biology and biotechnology in India. It ...
,
Ministry of Science and Technology A Science Ministry or Department of Science is a ministry or other government agency charged with science. The ministry is often headed by a Minister for Science. List of Ministries of Science Many countries have a Ministry of Science or Ministry ...
,
Government of India The Government of India (ISO: ; often abbreviated as GoI), known as the Union Government or Central Government but often simply as the Centre, is the national government of the Republic of India, a federal democracy located in South Asia, c ...
. The institute is dedicated to research in
neuroscience Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system (the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system), its functions and disorders. It is a multidisciplinary science that combines physiology, anatomy, molecular biology, development ...
and brain functions in health and diseases using multidisciplinary approaches. This is the first autonomous institute by DBT to be awarded as the deemed to be university by the
Ministry of Education An education ministry is a national or subnational government agency politically responsible for education. Various other names are commonly used to identify such agencies, such as Ministry of Education, Department of Education, and Ministry of Pub ...
, formerly known as the Ministry of Human Resource Development, in May 2002. NBRC was dedicated to the nation by the Hon'ble President of India
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (; 15 October 193127 July 2015) was an Indian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He was born and raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu and studied phy ...
in December 2003.
The founder chairman of NBRC Society is Prof.
Prakash Narain Tandon Prakash Narain Tandon (born 13 August 1928) is an Indian neuroscientist and neurosurgeon. He graduated with an MBBS and MS from the GMCin 1950 and 52 respectively, and then trained at the University of London and obtained his FRCS in 1956. He ...
, whereas the founder director Prof.
Vijayalakshmi Ravindranath Vijayalakshmi Ravindranath (born 18 October 1953) is an Indian neuroscientist. She is currently a professor at the Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore. She was the founder director of the National Brain Research Ce ...
was followed by Prof. Prasun Roy, Prof. Subrata Sinha, and Prof. Neeraj Jain. The current director-in-charge of NBRC is Prof. Pravat Kumar Mandal. The institute pursues research to understand brain functions in health and diseases, generate trained human resources with the capability to conduct interdisciplinary research in neuroscience, and promote neuroscience in India through networking among national institutions. NBRC is the only institute in India dedicated to neuroscience research and education. Scientists and students at NBRC come from diverse academic backgrounds, including biological, computational, mathematical, physical, engineering and medical sciences.


History

On 5 October 1995, the proposal for founding NBRC was put forward. The creation was subsequently declared on 14 November 1997 as a part of the Golden Jubilee celebrations of India's Independence and the birth anniversary of our then Prime Minister, the architect of modern science,
Jawaharlal Nehru Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (; ; ; 14 November 1889 ā€“ 27 May 1964) was an Indian anti-colonial nationalist, secular humanist, social democratā€” * * * * and author who was a central figure in India during the middle of the 20t ...
. A Management Advisory Committee was further formed. In 2000, the institute commenced functioning as an autonomous institute of the Department of Biotechnology from its temporary location at
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology The International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) was established as a project of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) in 1983. The Organisation has three Component laboratories with over 45 ongo ...
, New Delhi. NBRC was awarded the status of deemed university by Ministry of Education in 2002. On 16 December 2003, NBRC was moved to the foothills of the Aravalli Range in Manesar. In the year 2006, National Neuroimaging facility was established that was fully equipped with state-of-the-art equipment, such as a 3 tesla
magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the body. MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio wave ...
scanner,
electroencephalography Electroencephalography (EEG) is a method to record an electrogram of the spontaneous electrical activity of the brain. The biosignals detected by EEG have been shown to represent the postsynaptic potentials of pyramidal neurons in the neocortex ...
, and evoked potential recording. In the following year, a Translational and Clinical Neuroscience Unit was formed along with a Neurology Outpatient Department to Civil Hospital, Gurgaon, to help common people and assess the occurrence of neurological cases in this region. Further, the Centre of Excellence for Epilepsy, jointly administered by NBRC and
All India Institute of Medical Sciences The All India Institutes of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) is a group of autonomous government public medical universities of higher education under the jurisdiction of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare , Government of India. These institutes ha ...
, was established in 2005. Two major flagship programs by NBRC were initiated in the past few years. By 2017, National Dementia Program was initiated under NBRCā€™s leadership, whereas by 2019, a flagship program entitled ā€œComparative mapping of common mental disorders (CMD) over the lifespanā€ was launched to understand the science of well-being.


Academics

*Master of Science (M.Sc. Neuroscience) NBRC has integrated multidisciplinary teaching programmes in Life Sciences, such as 2-year M.Sc. program in Neuroscience with broad overview of different aspects of Neuroscience. Eligibility criteria: # Bachelor's degree or equivalent in any branch of science such as Life Sciences / Physics / Chemistry / Mathematics / Statistics / Computer applications / Pharmacy / Veterinary Science / Psychology / Engineering / Technology / Medicine from a recognized Institute / University # Candidates appearing for the final year of the qualifying examination are also eligible to apply # Minimum 55% (50% for SC / ST / PH candidates) marks or equivalent grade or grade point average from secondary (10th) examination onwards is required. Candidates should calculate their percentage up to two decimal points to determine their eligibility *Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D. Neuroscience) NBRC offers 5-year Ph.D. program in Neuroscience to students from diverse backgrounds who have a master's degree in any branch related to Neuroscience as mentioned below: Eligibility criteria: # Master's degree or equivalent in any branch of science, such as Life Sciences / Physics / Chemistry / Mathematics / Statistics / Computer applications / Pharmacy / Veterinary Science / Psychology from a recognized Institute / University # Students who have done a minimum of four-years of course-work leading to a bachelor's degree or equivalent in Engineering / Technology / Medicine from a recognized Institute / University # Candidates appearing for the final year of the qualifying examination are also eligible to apply # Minimum 55% (50% for SC / ST / PH candidates) marks or equivalent grade or grade point average from the secondary (10th) examination onwards is required. Candidates should calculate their percentage up to two decimal points to determine their eligibility *Summer Training NBRC conducts summer training programs wherein trainees attend seminars and journal clubs organized at the institute and get exposure to neuroscience.


Research

Research faculty studies the complexities of brain functions and cognition in health and diseases. Research at NBRC is organized into five divisions: 1) Cellular neuroscience and
Molecular neuroscience Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject covers topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in ...
, 2)
Systems neuroscience Systems neuroscience is a subdiscipline of neuroscience and systems biology that studies the structure and function of neural circuits and systems. Systems neuroscience encompasses a number of areas of study concerned with how nerve cells behave ...
, 3) Cognitive neuroscience, 4) Computational neuroscience, and 5)
Translational neuroscience Translational neuroscience is the field of study which applies neuroscience research to translate or develop into clinical applications and novel therapies for nervous system disorders. The field encompasses areas such as deep brain stimulation, b ...
. Nevertheless, faculty collaborates across divisions and other scientists. Research develops therapeutic tools and platforms to assess and cure brain disorders, including Alzheimerā€™s disease,
Parkinsonā€™s disease Parkinson's disease (PD), or simply Parkinson's, is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system. The symptoms usually emerge slowly, and as the disease worsens, non-motor symptoms becom ...
,
dementia Dementia is a disorder which manifests as a set of related symptoms, which usually surfaces when the brain is damaged by injury or disease. The symptoms involve progressive impairments in memory, thinking, and behavior, which negatively affe ...
,
Japanese encephalitis Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an infection of the brain caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). While most infections result in little or no symptoms, occasional inflammation of the brain occurs. In these cases, symptoms may include he ...
, Zika virus disease, NeuroAIDS,
brain tumor A brain tumor occurs when abnormal cells form within the brain. There are two main types of tumors: malignant tumors and benign (non-cancerous) tumors. These can be further classified as primary tumors, which start within the brain, and seconda ...
,
spinal cord injury A spinal cord injury (SCI) is damage to the spinal cord that causes temporary or permanent changes in its function. Symptoms may include loss of muscle function, sensation, or autonomic function in the parts of the body served by the spinal cor ...
, and
stroke A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain causes cell death. There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, and hemorrhagic, due to bleeding. Both cause parts of the brain to stop functionin ...
. The research focuses on detailed understanding of our senses of touch, hearing, speech learning, memory, and spatial navigation. Moreover, basic research helps plan clinical trials for the development of rational therapy for brain disorders. Researchers have also been studying the implications of
SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSā€‘CoVā€‘2) is a strain of coronavirus that causes COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), the respiratory illness responsible for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The virus previously had a ...
on the brain.


Major Research Programmes

#Dementia Science Program: This is a national level multi-centric program that provides insights into the prevalence of dementia and discover biomarkers, risk factors, and protective factors. These factors play a major role in the conversion of MCI to dementia among elderly. For the diagnosis and classification of dementia, all centers use robust uniform criteria that are internationally accepted, adapted, and validated in the Indian context. Findings could help formulate national-level policies for understanding and treating MCI in elderly. #Comparative mapping of common mental disorders (CMD) over the lifespan: This flagship program understands how information-processing networks in the brain are affected in CMD, including anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The program also studies underlying brain mechanisms that differentiate between these disorders, and whether these networks are affected in the same manner in different age groups.


Technological Advancement

*Dyslexia Assessment for Languages of India (DALI): A package developed using screening tools, remediation kit, and specific assessment tools to identify dyslexia. It integrates four languages (Hindi, Kannada, Marathi, and English). *KALPANA: An integrative package for visualization, preprocessing, and quantitation of MR spectroscopy (MRS) data acquired using MRS imaging and MEshcher-Garwoodā€“Point-RESolved Spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS). *NINS-STAT: A MATLAB-based statistical analysis toolbox: A high-performance state-of-the-art automated statistical test selection and execution software package with clinical research applications. *BRAHMA template: First accurate high-resolution brain template developed for analyzing structural and functional neuroimaging data specific for Indian population. *BHARAT: A multimodality-based Hadoop-based big data decision framework, validated using fMRI, integrates non-invasive MRI, MRS, and neuropsychological test outcomes to identify early diagnostic biomarkers of AD. *PRATEEK: The integration of data gathered from multimodal brain imaging systems at various Regions of Interest (ROIs) avails wealth of information about tissue microenvironment and its association with structural and functional changes in healthy or diseased condition. *Stimulus Timing Integrated Module (STIM): A synchronized system to be used in fMRI for mapping brain activity non-invasively in various conditions for normal healthy as well as for clinical evaluation with brain disorders. *GAURI: A methodical system that uses adaptive pattern recognition and learning schemes for predictive single or differential diagnosis of diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease, designed with MRI modalities and neuropsychological batteries. *ANSH: ANSH database brings critical neurochemical information from HO, MCI, and AD patients to facilitate collaborative research and multi-site global data sharing for comparative analysis. *Development of a well-characterized hNSC/iPSC-induced pluripotent cell platform: Scientists have developed a well-characterized model of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) to understand cellularā€“molecular functions of healthy and diseased brain. The NSCs work has been expanded by establishing a human inducible pluripotent cells platform. *SWADESH: This was developed as an advanced automated neuro-tool to aid the early diagnosis of AD. This tool consists of several computer-assisted tools for data pre-processing, quality control, data preparation, analysis, evaluation, and assessment. The fundamental objective of this proposal is to benefit the Indian population by developing a comprehensive neuro-tool. It provides a scheme for MRI-, MRS-, and fMRI-based data generation, processing scheme of multimodal neuroimaging and neuro-spectroscopy data in a single window to achieve a conclusive outcome for the early diagnosis of brain disorders.


Major Research Breakthroughs

*Novel ways to tackle Alzheimer's Disease: Scientists have been studying the early biomarkers for AD using brain chemicals. Monitoring glutathione (GSH), an antioxidant molecule in the brain, aids in the early identification of AD and mapping out therapeutic invention. Scientists have demonstrated that hippocampus, frontal, and cingulate cortical regions responsible for memory and higher cognitive functions, respectively, show significant GSH depletion, leading to cognitive decline. Using 31P MRS, scientists discovered that pH of the left hippocampal formation in AD shifts towards alkalinity. Research has also demonstrated the existence of two open-and-closed conformations of GSH in healthy young participants. Presently, they are investigating the role of two GSH conformations and link between iron deposition and oxidative stress (OS) in the hippocampal formation in AD. Although the exact cause of AD remains unknown, OS is considered a potential factor. Additionally, researchers at NBRC have proposed a novel prospective single-center parallel-arm double-blinded placebo-controlled phase III randomized trial using GSH as a dietary supplement for MCI patients, while monitoring brain GSH levels and cognitive profile using non-invasive MRS and neuropsychological testing, respectively. *Brain stress mapping in COVID-19 survivors: Considering the elevating cases of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder in patients with COVID-19, scientists have been mapping brains of patients who recovered from or were asymptomatic to COVID-19. This first global study analyzed structural, spectroscopic, and behavioral changes in the brains of recovered/asymptomatic patients using a novel non-invasive MRS neuroimaging technique. Findings suggest that glutamate and GABA levels are potential parameters to monitor mental health and psychiatric disease-associated conditions. Moreover, antioxidants and neurotransmitters in the study have potential implications for psychiatric disorders in COVID-19-affected patients. *Role of thalamo cortical interactions in reorganization of directed information flow with aging in brain networks: Scientists studied the specific role of the human thalamus as causal outflow hub in reorganizing directed information flow and connectivity among large-scale major neurocognitive networks during brain aging. This reorganization of directed functional connectivity with age during spontaneous activity highlights the importance of subcortical areas even during stimulus independent processing. Outcomes lead to understanding the crucial role of the thalamus as a major integrative hub in addition to insular network for mediating key cognitive functional dynamics and their role during maintenance of cognitive functions during healthy aging process in the human brain. *Identification of protein that helps dengue and JE viruses to multiply inside host: In this collaborative study, it was discovered that dengue and JE viruses activate platelet inside host and induce them release platelet factor 4 (PF4). PF4 inhibits the activity of immune cells, thus stopping interferon production. PF4 acts through its receptor CXCR3, which when blocked with an antagonist AMG487 inhibits dengue and JE replication both in vivo and in vitro. This study indicates the possibility of developing an antiviral agent. *ZV envelop (E) protein alters properties of human fetal neural stem cells by modulating microRNA circuitry: This study focused on delineating molecular mechanisms, role of miRNAs, and involvement of ZV E protein in ZV-induced microcephaly. The protein promotes premature but faulty formation of neurons, which affects normal properties of brain stem cells. This is the potential reason behind ZV-induced small head size in infants. Nearly 25 miRNAs, regulating genes and protein expression in cells, were identified as important factors impacting the cell division, proliferation and stemness of the brain stem cells. *''let-7'' miRNA controls CED-7 homotypic adhesion and EFF-1-mediated axonal self-fusion to restore touch sensation following injury: This work on focused on the regeneration of nervous system, wherein lost neuronal function was found to be restored after injury in roundworm model. The findings established that the axon fusion process has functional significance in the maintenance of neuronal integrity throughout the life span of an organism. The researchers also demonstrated how to control this process genetically for treating nerve injuries in humans in future. *Glycyrrhizin prevents SARS-CoV-2 S1 and Orf3a induced high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release and inhibits viral replication: An active ingredient Glycyrrhizin in Mulethi (liquorice)ā€”a commonly used herbā€”is a potential source for the development of a drug against COVID-19. HMGB1 is crucial for regulating susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, whereas S-receptor binding body (RBD) and Orf3a proteins are required for maximal SARS-CoV replication and virulence. The study investigated whether Glycyrrhizin affects SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD- and Orf3a-mediated HMGB1 release and cell death in lung cells expressing SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins. Glycyrrhizin did not only reverse S-RBD- and Orf3a-induced extracellular HMGB1 release but also abrogated caspase-1 activation and rescued cell death. Benefits of anti-inflammatory properties in glycyrrhizin are: 1) Lowering the severity of the disease, 2) Mitigating viral replication by as much as 90%, and 3) Fighting the ā€œstorm of cytokines.ā€


Facilities & Services

# Distributed Information Center (DIC): DIC is established under the initiative of BTISNET initiative of DBT. DIC manages information and communications technology (ICT) and e-governance activities of NBRC. It provides ICT science & technology services. # Experimental animal facility: This animal facility is registered with the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, New Delhi. The facility contains animal models, including primates and transgenic mice. Detailed training programs for veterinary and husbandry care and peer-reviewed evaluation of all protocols are followed. # National neuroimaging facility # Neuroimaging and neurospectroscopy laboratory: This laboratory functions on the metabolic analysis of different neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., AD, PD) using MRS technique to identify biomarkers in and measure quantitative stress of age-matched healthy adults and patients. # Centre for Excellence for Epilepsy/MEG facility: This center studies epileptogenesis, better diagnosis, and localization of epileptogenic foci and new therapeutic techniques. # Library: The library consists of automated open-access system and provides information services and access to bibliographical and full-text digital and printed resources for on-campus user community. # DBTā€™s Electronic Library Consortium (DeLCON): This is an initiative by DBT that gives unlimited access to most of the relevant periodicals to researchers. It gives access to high-quality e-resources. It provides current (1000+ online resources) and archival access to >1176 core peer-reviewed journals and one bibliographic database (SCOPUS) in different disciplines from 21 foreign publishers. # Speech and Language Laboratory (SALLY): Research in this lab focuses on unravelling cortical pathways involved in Hindiā€“English biscriptal adults and children. # Computational neuroscience and neuroimaging laboratory: The unit works on imaging-based diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases and planning pulsed radiotherapy and chemotherapy for treating brain tumors from translational medicine aspect. # Translational & clinical neuroscience unit: This unit provides neurological OPD services and assesses the occurrence of neurological cases in Gurgaon. Patients visiting the unit have access to several facilities, including MRI, computed tomography, etc.


Campus & Infrastructure

* Hostel accommodation: There are two on-campus hostel buildings and one building as staff quarters. * Medical facilities: NBRC has a full-time resident medical officer as well as on-site OPD service. In case of medical emergencies, a full-time transport system transports patients to nearest hospitals. * Conveyance: NBRC is connected to New Delhi and Jaipur via NH8. NBRC provides transport services, including bus and car, to students and staff. For those staying off-campus, daily shuttle services are provided. * Sports: Outdoor and indoor sports, including football and table tennis, are organized by the Sports Committee. * Tantrika: This student-organized annual event, including several competitions and programmes, is hosted by second-year Ph.D. students for newcomers. * Green Canopy Committee: In February 2021, GCC was constituted for spreading environmental awareness and education through eco-friendly environmental development programs, focusing on using sustainable energy to reduce carbon footprint. * Wildlife: NBRC is surrounded by keekar forests of Aravalli mountain range. From its inception, NBRC has been maintaining the surrounding jungle and has planted several trees and shrubs in the campus. There are over 100 different kinds of birds in and around NBRC, such as Jungle Babbler, Oriental Magpie Robin, Bulbul, Collared Dove, Rose-ringed Parakeet, Drongo, and Indian Peafowls. Several bird-watching programs are conducted regularly for students and staff.


References

{{authority control Neuroscience research centres in India Research institutes in India Deemed universities in India Organisations based in Delhi