Natalia Shvedova
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Natalia Yulievna Shvedova (russian: link=no, Ната́лия Ю́льевна Шве́дова, 25 December 1916 – 18 September 2009) was a Soviet
lexicographer Lexicography is the study of lexicons, and is divided into two separate academic disciplines. It is the art of compiling dictionaries. * Practical lexicography is the art or craft of compiling, writing and editing dictionaries. * Theoretica ...
who authored several standard outlines of Russian grammar, for which she was awarded the
USSR State Prize The USSR State Prize (russian: links=no, Государственная премия СССР, Gosudarstvennaya premiya SSSR) was the Soviet Union's state honor. It was established on 9 September 1966. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, t ...
in 1982. Yuly Aikhenvald's daughter and
Viktor Vinogradov Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov (russian: Ви́ктор Влади́мирович Виногра́дов; – 4 October 1969) was a Soviet linguist and philologist who presided over Soviet linguistics after World War II. Life and career Vin ...
's favourite disciple, Shvedova was elected into the
Russian Academy of Sciences The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; russian: Росси́йская акаде́мия нау́к (РАН) ''Rossíyskaya akadémiya naúk'') consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across ...
in 1997. After
Sergei Ozhegov Sergey Ivanovich Ozhegov (russian: Серге́й Ива́нович О́жегов; 22 September 1900 – 15 December 1964) was a Russian lexicographer who in 1926 graduated from the Leningrad University where his teachers include ...
's death in 1964, Shvedova was responsible for updating and correcting his immensely popular explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. Among her later projects was the first semantic dictionary of the language (vol. 1, 1998; vol. 2, 2000).


Life and career

Natalia Shvedova was born in 1916 in Moscow. In 1940 she graduated from
Moscow State Pedagogical University Moscow State Pedagogical University or Moscow State University of Education is an educational and scientific institution in Moscow, Russia, with eighteen faculties and seven branches operational in other Russian cities. The institution had underg ...
, Faculty of Language and Literature. From 1940 to 1944 she occupied the post of senior lecturer at
Mordovian State University N. P. Ogarev's Mordovia State University (MSUO or OMSU for Ogarev Mordovia State University, or MRSU for Мордовский государственный университет имени Н. П. Огарева, ''Mordovskyi Gosudarstvennyi U ...
and Mordovian State Pedagogical University. In 1946 she became a
Candidate of Sciences Candidate of Sciences (russian: кандидат наук, translit=kandidat nauk) is the first of two doctoral level scientific degrees in Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States. It is formally classified as UNESCO's ISCED level 8, "d ...
and started working for
Russian Language Institute The V.V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (russian: Институт русского языка имени В. В. Виноградова РАН) is the language regulator of the Russian language. It is ba ...
. In 1958 Natalia Shvedova acquired the rank of
Doktor nauk Doctor of Sciences ( rus, доктор наук, p=ˈdoktər nɐˈuk, abbreviated д-р наук or д. н.; uk, доктор наук; bg, доктор на науките; be, доктар навук) is a higher doctoral degree in the Russi ...
.


Academic work

Natalia Yulievna Shvedova is the author of many fundamental works which compose an integral part of the classical fund of Russian studies. Among them, such major studies as the monograph "''Essays on the syntax of Russian colloquial speech''" (1960); book "''Changes in the system of simple sentences''" as part of the monographic study "''Essays on the historical grammar of the Russian literary language of the XIX century''" (1964); monograph "''Active Processes in Modern Russian Syntax''" (1966); sections "''Syntax of a simple sentence''" in the "''Grammar of the Modern Russian Literary Language''" (1970), in the two-volume academic "''Russian Grammar''" (1980), and in the "''Brief Overview of Russian Grammar"'' (1989). Natalia Shvedova is the author of the concept of the "''Russian Semantic Dictionary''", the theoretical foundations of which were formulated by her in the "''Preface''" to this dictionary (vol. I, 1998) and other works. Shvedova developed the theoretical program titled "''Russian grammar of meanings''", the conceptual foundations of which are set forth in her article "''The semantic structure of language as the basis of its functioning''" (1991), in the book "''The system of pronouns as the source of the semantic structure of language and its semantic categories''" (in collaboration with A.S. Belousova, 1995), in the monograph "''Pronoun and meaning''" (1998), as well as in the cycle of studies on the semantics of the Russian verb (2000–2001). In "''Russian Grammar''" (1980), the syntax is innovatively defined as the central part of the grammatical system of the language, encompassing the various constructions that form the message. The system-forming factors of the syntax are distinguished, first of all, the types of syntactic units and the corresponding sections of the syntactic system: 1) the syntax of the word; 2) the syntax of the phrase; 3) the syntax of the simple sentence; 4) the syntax of the complex sentence; 5) the syntax of the word form, presented in the four above-mentioned areas. Natalia Shvedova has participated in creation of numerous collective works, such as '''Bibliographic index of literature on Russian linguistics from 1925 to 1980''', '''Grammar of the Modern Russian Literary Language''' (1970), '''Russian Grammar''' (1980), '''Brief Grammar of the Russian Language''' (1989)'','' grammatical volume of '''Selected Works''' of academic
Viktor Vinogradov Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov (russian: Ви́ктор Влади́мирович Виногра́дов; – 4 October 1969) was a Soviet linguist and philologist who presided over Soviet linguistics after World War II. Life and career Vin ...
and Word and grammatical laws of language''' (1989). Shvedova is widely known in Russia as one of the prominent lexicographers, co-author and editor of the explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language (Ozhegov).


Awards

* 1978 - silver medal of the University of Jan Evangelista Purkine in Brno (
Czechoslovakia , rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי, , common_name = Czechoslovakia , life_span = 1918–19391945–1992 , p1 = Austria-Hungary , image_p1 ...
); * 1982 -
State Prize of the USSR The USSR State Prize (russian: links=no, Государственная премия СССР, Gosudarstvennaya premiya SSSR) was the Soviet Union's state honor. It was established on 9 September 1966. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, t ...
, as the author and editor-in-chief of the academic "Russian Grammar" (volumes 1–2, 1980); * 1986 –
Order of Friendship of Peoples The Order of Friendship of Peoples (russian: oрден Дружбы народов, translit=orden Druzhby narodov) was an order of the Soviet Union, and was awarded to persons (including non-citizens), organizations, enterprises, military unit ...
; * 1990 – Pushkin Prize of the
USSR Academy of Sciences The Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union was the highest scientific institution of the Soviet Union from 1925 to 1991, uniting the country's leading scientists, subordinated directly to the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (until 1946 ...
; * 2002 –
Order of Friendship The Order of Friendship (russian: Орден Дружбы, ') is a state decoration of the Russian Federation established by Boris Yeltsin by presidential decree 442 of 2 March 1994 to reward Russian and foreign nationals whose work, deeds ...
; * 2009 – the Dal gold medal of
Russian Academy of Sciences The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; russian: Росси́йская акаде́мия нау́к (РАН) ''Rossíyskaya akadémiya naúk'') consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across ...
.


References


External links


Biography published by the Russian Language Institute
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shvedova, Natalia 1916 births 2009 deaths Soviet lexicographers Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences Recipients of the USSR State Prize Burials in Troyekurovskoye Cemetery Soviet grammarians Soviet linguists Women lexicographers Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples