Narrow-headed vole

The narrow-headed vole (''Microtus gregalis'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. Ranging over northern and central Asia and also into Alaska, it is the only species in the subgenus ''Stenocranius''.

Description

The narrow-headed vole has a head-and-body length between and a short tail of . The dimensions of the skull distinguishes it from other ''Microtus'' species in China. In summer, the fur on the back is pale yellowish-buff, paler on the flanks and merging into the yellowish-grey underparts. In winter, the dorsal colour is a brighter reddish-ochre. The tail can either be a uniform yellowish-buff or can be bicoloured, dark brown above and yellowish-brown below. The upper surfaces of the hands and feet are brownish-white.

Distribution and habitat

The narrow-headed vole is distributed across the tundra region of northern Asia from the White Sea to the Kolyma River. It also occurs as separate populations on the steppes of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, southwestern Siberia, the Sakha Republic, Mongolia, northern China, and Alaska. Its typical habitat is grassy plains, semi-deserts, open grassy areas in forests, alpine meadows and water meadows at altitudes of up to .

During the colder phases of the Pleistocene glaciations, the narrow-headed vole's range was contiguous and extended into most of Europe. It retreated into the Carpathians, Urals, and Asia during the warmer interglacials. The Carpathian population was highly divergent genetically with Asian narrow-headed voles and became extinct in the Late Copper Age, during the Middle Holocene. In the Urals, the narrow-headed vole disappeared in the Late Holocene.

Behaviour

The narrow-headed vole lives in a complex system of tunnels that run up to beneath the ground surface. This has multiple entrances and several nesting chambers. The narrow head of this species may have evolved to make it easier for it to squeeze through narrow gaps and crevices in frozen ground. It is mainly active at dusk and by night, but also emerges from its burrow to forage during the day. It feeds on grasses, legumes and other underground and above-ground plant material. Breeding takes place in the warmer months, with about five litters averaging eight offspring being produced annually.

This vole, along with '' Microtus middendorffi'', is one of the primary preys of the Arctic fox on the Yamal Peninsula.

Status

The narrow-headed vole has a very extensive range and although populations fluctuate, no particular threats have been identified with this species and overall the population seems stable. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".

References

Literature

* ''Lissovsky, A.A., Obolenskaya E.V., Petrova T.V.'
Morphological and genetic variation of narrow-headed voles ''Lasiopodomys gregalis'' from South-East Transbaikalia
// Russian Journal of Theriology. – 2013. – Vol. 12. – P. 83–90.
* ''Petrova T.V., Zakharov E.S., Samiya R., Abramson N.I.'
Phylogeography of the narrow-headed vole ''Lasiopodomys (Stenocranius) gregalis'' (Cricetidae, Rodentia) inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences: an echo of Pleistocene prosperity.
// Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. – 2015. – Vol. 53, no. 2. – P. 97–108.
* ''Petrova T.V. Tesakov A.S., Kowalskaya Yu. M., Abramson N.I.'
Cryptic speciation in the narrow-headed vole ''Lasiopodomys (Stenocranius) gregalis'' (Rodentia: Cricetidae).
// Zoologica Scripta. – 2016. – Vol. 45, no. 6. – P. 618–629.

{{Taxonbar, from=Q548541

Microtus
Mammals described in 1779
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot