Naomi Oreskes (; born November 25, 1958) is an American

historian of science The history of science covers the development of science from ancient times to the present. It encompasses all three major branches of science: natural, social, and formal. Science's earliest roots can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopo ...

. She became Professor of the History of Science and Affiliated Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at

Harvard University Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher le ...

in 2013, after 15 years as Professor of History and Science Studies at the

University of California, San Diego The University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego or colloquially, UCSD) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in San Diego, California. Established in 1960 near the pre-existing Scripps Insti ...

. She has worked on studies of

geophysics Geophysics () is a subject of natural science concerned with the physical processes and physical properties of the Earth and its surrounding space environment, and the use of quantitative methods for their analysis. The term ''geophysics'' so ...

, environmental issues such as

global warming In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system. Climate change in a broader sense also includes previous long-term changes to E ...

, and the

history of science The history of science covers the development of science from ancient times to the present. It encompasses all three major branches of science: natural, social, and formal. Science's earliest roots can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Meso ...

. In 2010, Oreskes co-authored ''

Merchants of Doubt ''Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming'' is a 2010 non-fiction book by American historians of science Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway. It identifies parallels betw ...

,'' which identified some parallels between the climate change debate and earlier public controversies, notably the tobacco industry's campaign to obscure the link between smoking and serious disease.

Early life and education

Oreskes is the daughter of Susan Eileen (née Nagin), a teacher,New York Times: "Geraldine Baum, Reporter, Marries"
September 24, 1989 and Irwin Oreskes, a professor of medical laboratory sciences and former dean of the School of Health Sciences at Hunter College in New York.City University of New York: "Irwin Oreskes, Professor Emeritus at NYC’s Hunter College who Taught Lab Science Dies at 86"
March 4, 2013 , ''"Besides Michael Oreskes, Irwin Oreskes also is survived by his wife, Susan Oreskes; his other children, Naomi Oreskes, a science historian, Daniel Oreskes, an actor, and Rebecca Oreskes, a writer and former ranger with the U.S. Forest Service, and five grandchildren. His funeral will be held on Sunday at Jewish Community Chapel"''
June 4, 1964 , ''"... devoted father of Susan Oreskes and the late Richard Nagin, loving grandfather of Iris Nagin, Michael, Daniel, Naomi and Rebecca Oreskes...Services at

Riverside Memorial Chapel The Riverside Memorial Chapel is a Jewish funeral home chain with their main facility at 180 West 76th Street on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City. She has three siblings:

Michael Oreskes Michael Oreskes (; born May 26, 1954) is an American journalist who worked at the ''New York Daily News'' and for 20 years at ''The New York Times''. Oreskes later became the vice president and senior managing editor at the Associated Press befor ...

, a journalist; Daniel Oreskes, an actor; and Rebecca Oreskes, a writer and former U.S. Forest Service ranger. She is

Jewish Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...

. She received her

Bachelor of Science A Bachelor of Science (BS, BSc, SB, or ScB; from the Latin ') is a bachelor's degree awarded for programs that generally last three to five years. The first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Science was the University of ...

mining geology Mining geology is an applied science which combines the principles of economic geology and mining engineering to the development of a defined mineral resource. Mining geologists and engineers work to develop an identified ore deposit to economica ...

from the

Royal School of Mines The Royal School of Mines comprises the departments of Earth Science and Engineering, and Materials at Imperial College London. The Centre for Advanced Structural Ceramics and parts of the London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Bioe ...

of Imperial College,

University of London The University of London (UoL; abbreviated as Lond or more rarely Londin in post-nominals) is a federal public research university located in London, England, United Kingdom. The university was established by royal charter in 1836 as a degree ...

in 1981. She later received her PhD degree in the

Stanford University Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California. The campus occupies , among the largest in the United States, and enrolls over 17,000 students. Stanford is consider ...

Graduate Special Program in Geological Research and

History of Science The history of science covers the development of science from ancient times to the present. It encompasses all three major branches of science: natural, social, and formal. Science's earliest roots can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Meso ...

Career

She has worked as a consultant for the

United States Environmental Protection Agency The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an independent executive agency of the United States federal government tasked with environmental protection matters. President Richard Nixon proposed the establishment of EPA on July 9, 1970; it be ...

and

US National Academy of Sciences The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a United States nonprofit, non-governmental organization. NAS is part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, along with the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) and the Natio ...

, and has also taught at

Dartmouth College Dartmouth College (; ) is a private research university in Hanover, New Hampshire. Established in 1769 by Eleazar Wheelock, it is one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution. Although founded to educate Native A ...

New York University New York University (NYU) is a private research university in New York City. Chartered in 1831 by the New York State Legislature, NYU was founded by a group of New Yorkers led by then-Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin. In 1832, the ...

UCSD The University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego or colloquially, UCSD) is a public land-grant research university in San Diego, California. Established in 1960 near the pre-existing Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego is t ...

and

. She is the author of or has contributed to a number of essays and technical reports in economic geology and

in addition to several books.

Academics

Oreskes' academic career started in geology, then broadened into history and philosophy of science. Her work was concerned with scientific methods, model validation, consensus, dissent, as in 2 books on the often-misunderstood history of continental drift and plate tectonics. She later focused on climate change science and studied the doubt-creation industry opposing it. She worked as a mining geologist for WMC (Western Mining Company) in outback South Australia, based in

Adelaide Adelaide ( ) is the capital city of South Australia, the state's largest city and the fifth-most populous city in Australia. "Adelaide" may refer to either Greater Adelaide (including the Adelaide Hills) or the Adelaide city centre. The dem ...

. Starting in 1984, she returned to academe as a research assistant in the Geology Department and as a teaching assistant in the departments of Geology, Philosophy and Applied Earth Sciences at

. The 1992 Hitzman-Oreskes-Einaudi paper on Cu-U-Au-REE ("Olympic Dam") deposits has been cited more than 700 times, according to Google Scholar. She received a

National Science Foundation The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent agency of the United States government that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering. Its medical counterpart is the National ...

's Young Investigator Award in 1994. During 1991–1996 she was Assistant Professor of Earth Sciences and Adjunct Asst. Professor of History Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire. She spent 1996–1998 as Associate Professor, History and Philosophy of Science, Gallatin School of Individualized Study, New York University. As an example of studying scientific methods, she wrote on

model validation In statistics, model validation is the task of evaluating whether a chosen statistical model is appropriate or not. Oftentimes in statistical inference, inferences from models that appear to fit their data may be flukes, resulting in a misunderst ...

in the

Earth sciences Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four sphere ...

, cited more than 3200 times according to Google Scholar. She moved to

in 1998 as associate professor in the Department of History and Program in Science Studies, then as professor in that department 2005–2013, as well as adjunct professor of Geosciences (since 2007). She was named provost of the

Sixth College Sixth College is the sixth and second-newest college of the University of California, San Diego. It was established in September 2001. Sixth College's core writing program, Culture, Art and Technology (CAT), is a five-course sequence that integra ...

2008–2011. In 1999 she participated as a consultant to the US

Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board The U.S. Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board was established in the 1987 Nuclear Waste Policy Amendments Act (NWPAA) (P.L. 100-203) to "...evaluate the technical and scientific validity of activities elated to managing and disposing of spent nucl ...

for developing a

repository Repository may refer to: Archives and online databases * Content repository, a database with an associated set of data management tools, allowing application-independent access to the content * Disciplinary repository (or subject repository), an ...

safety strategy for the Yucca Mountain project, with special attention to model validation. Since 2013, Oreskes has served as a professor at

in the Department of the History of Science and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences (by courtesy). Since 2017, she has been listed on the board of directors of the National Center for Science Education. Oreskes is on the board of directors of the

Climate Science Legal Defense Fund The Climate Science Legal Defense Fund (CSLDF) is a not-for-profit organization established in 2011 to provide legal assistance to researchers and institutions engaged in climate science facing legal challenges from private entities such as think ...

Science and society essay

Oreskes wrote an essay "The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change", published in the

science and society Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for ...

section of the journal ''

Science Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for ...

'' in December 2004. In the essay she reported an analysis of "928 abstracts, published in refereed scientific journals between 1993 and 2003 and published in the ISI database with the keywords 'global climate change'". The essay stated the analysis was to test the hypothesis that the drafting of reports and statements by societies such as the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is an intergovernmental body of the United Nations. Its job is to advance scientific knowledge about climate change caused by human activities. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) a ...

American Association for the Advancement of Science The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is an American international non-profit organization with the stated goals of promoting cooperation among scientists, defending scientific freedom, encouraging scientific respons ...

and National Academy of Sciences might downplay legitimate dissenting opinions on anthropogenic climate change. After the analysis, she concluded that 75 percent of the examined

abstracts An abstract is a brief summary of a research article, thesis, review, conference proceeding, or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper's purpose. When used, an abstract always ...

either explicitly or implicitly backed the consensus view, while none directly dissented from it. The essay received a great deal of media attention from around the world and has been cited by many prominent persons such as

Al Gore Albert Arnold Gore Jr. (born March 31, 1948) is an American politician, businessman, and environmentalist who served as the 45th vice president of the United States from 1993 to 2001 under President Bill Clinton. Gore was the Democratic Part ...

in the movie ''

An Inconvenient Truth ''An Inconvenient Truth'' is a 2006 American documentary film directed by Davis Guggenheim about former United States Vice President Al Gore's campaign to educate people about global warming. The film features a slide show that, by Gore's own e ...

''. In 2007, Oreskes expanded her analysis, stating that approximately 20 percent of abstracts explicitly endorsed the consensus on climate change that: "Earth's climate is being affected by human activities". In addition, 55 percent of abstracts "implicitly" endorsed the consensus by engaging in research to characterize the ongoing and/or future impact of climate change (50 percent of abstracts) or to mitigate predicted changes (5 percent). The remaining 25 percent focused on either paleoclimate (10%) or developing measurement techniques (15%); Oreskes did not classify these as taking a position on contemporary global climate change.

''Merchants of Doubt''

''Merchants of Doubt'' is a 2010 book by Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway. Oreskes and Conway, both American historians of science, identify some remarkable parallels between the climate change debate and earlier controversies over

tobacco smoking Tobacco smoking is the practice of burning tobacco and ingesting the resulting smoke. The smoke may be inhaled, as is done with cigarettes, or simply released from the mouth, as is generally done with pipes and cigars. The practice is believed ...

, acid rain, and the hole in the ozone layer. They argue that spreading doubt and confusion was the basic strategy of those opposing action in each case. In particular, Fred Seitz,

Fred Singer Siegfried Fred Singer (September 27, 1924 – April 6, 2020) was an Austrian-born American physicist and emeritus professor of environmental science at the University of Virginia, trained as an atmospheric physicist. He was known for rejecti ...

, and a few other contrarian scientists joined forces with conservative

think tank A think tank, or policy institute, is a research institute that performs research and advocacy concerning topics such as social policy, political strategy, economics, military, technology, and culture. Most think tanks are non-governmenta ...

s and private corporations to challenge the scientific consensus on many contemporary issues. Most reviewers received it "enthusiastically". One reviewer said that ''Merchants of Doubt'' is exhaustively researched and documented and may be one of the most important books of 2010. Another reviewer saw the book as his choice for best science book of the year. A film with the same name, inspired by the book, was released in 2015. Other film released in 2020 was ''The Campaign Against the Climate'', a documentary directed by the Danish journalist and filmmaker

Mads Ellesøe Mads Ellesøe (born 1977) is a Danish filmmaker and journalist. He studied at Danish School of Media and Journalism. In 2010, he was arrested by the Moroccan secret service, after doing a critical documentary about West Sahara issue. He worke ...

Controversies

Together with Erik Conway and Matthew Shindell, in 2008, Oreskes wrote the paper "From Chicken Little to Dr. Pangloss: William Nierenberg, Global Warming, and the Social Deconstruction of Scientific Knowledge" which argued that William Nierenberg as chairman reframed a National Academy of Sciences committee report on climate change in 1983 into economic terms to avoid action on the topic. Nierenberg died in 2000 but a rebuttal was published in 2010 in the same journal which said the paper contradicted the historical report and there was no evidence that any committee members disagreed with the report; the evidence was that the report reflected the consensus at the time. In 2015 Oreskes published an opinion piece in ''

The Guardian ''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'', and changed its name in 1959. Along with its sister papers ''The Observer'' and ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the Gu ...

'', titled "There is a New Form of Climate Denialism to Look Out For – So Don't Celebrate Yet", in which she said scientists who call for a continued use of nuclear energy are renewable-energy "deniers" and "myth" makers. She cited an article by four prominent climate scientists ( James Hansen,

Ken Caldeira Kenneth Caldeira (born 1960) is an American atmospheric scientist. His areas of research include ocean acidification, climate effects of trees, intentional climate modification, interactions in the global carbon cycle/climate system, and sustain ...

Kerry Emanuel Kerry Andrew Emanuel (born April 21, 1955) is an American professor of meteorology currently working at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge. In particular he has specialized in atmospheric convection and the mechanisms acting t ...

and

Tom Wigley Tom Michael Lampe Wigley is a climate scientist at the University of Adelaide. He is also affiliated with the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR). He was named a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Scienc ...

) saying nuclear power must be used to combat climate change. An opinion piece by

Michael Specter Michael Specter (born 1955) is an American journalist who has been a staff writer, focusing on science and technology, and global public health at ''The New Yorker'' since September 1998. He has also written for ''The Washington Post'' and ''The ...

in ''

The New Yorker ''The New Yorker'' is an American weekly magazine featuring journalism, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons, and poetry. Founded as a weekly in 1925, the magazine is published 47 times annually, with five of these issues ...

'' said she branded these four scientists as "climate deniers", and that her characterization was absurd, as they were among those who had done the most to push people to combat climate change. In 2015, news outlets described how ExxonMobil scientists had found evidence for climate change but then still persisted to cast doubt about it, a finding Oreskes also reported. The company criticized Oreskes and invited her and the public to read approximately 187 documents written between 1977 and 2014. She and Geoffrey Supran did so and supported the original accounts in the peer-reviewed journal ''

Environmental Research Letters ''Environmental Research Letters'' is a quarterly, peer-reviewed, open-access, scientific journal covering research on all aspects of environmental science. It is published by IOP Publishing. The editor-in-chief is Daniel Kammen (University of ...

'' in 2017, as reported by ''

The Washington Post ''The Washington Post'' (also known as the ''Post'' and, informally, ''WaPo'') is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C. It is the most widely circulated newspaper within the Washington metropolitan area and has a large nati ...

''.

Bibliography

Books

''Science on a Mission: How Military Funding Shaped What We Do and Don't Know about the Ocean''
University of Chicago Press, 2020,
''Why Trust Science?''
Princeton University Press, 2019, Edited by Stephen Macedo,
''The Rejection of Continental Drift: Theory and Method in American Earth Science''
Oxford University Press, 1999,
''Plate Tectonics: An Insider’s History of the Modern Theory of the Earth''
Edited with Homer Le Grand, Westview Press, 2003, *''Perspectives on Geophysics,'' Special Issue of Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 31B, Oreskes, Naomi and James R. Fleming, eds., 2000. *''

: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming'', Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway, Bloomsbury Press, 2010
''The Collapse of Western Civilization: A View from the Future''
Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway,

Columbia University Press Columbia University Press is a university press based in New York City, and affiliated with Columbia University. It is currently directed by Jennifer Crewe (2014–present) and publishes titles in the humanities and sciences, including the fiel ...

, 2014 * ''Encyclical on Climate Change and Inequality: On Care for Our Common Home'',

Pope Francis Pope Francis ( la, Franciscus; it, Francesco; es, link=, Francisco; born Jorge Mario Bergoglio, 17 December 1936) is the head of the Catholic Church. He has been the bishop of Rome and sovereign of the Vatican City State since 13 March 2013. ...

, introduction by Naomi Oreskes, (Brooklyn, NY: Melville House, 2015)
''Discerning Experts: The Practices of Scientific Assessment for Environmental Policy''
Michael Oppenheimer, N. Oreskes, D. Jamieson, K. Brysse, J. O’Reilly & M. Shindell, University of Chicago Press, 2019,

Papers

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Cook, J., Supran, G., Lewandowsky, S., Oreskes, N., & Maibach, E., (2019)
America Misled: How the fossil fuel industry deliberately misled Americans about climate change
Fairfax, VA: George Mason University Center for Climate Change Communication.

Editorials and opinion articles

* Oreskes, Naomi, "Breaking the Techno-Promise: We do not have enough time for nuclear power to save us from the climate crisis," Scientific American, vol. 326, no. 2 (February 2022), p. 74. * Oreskes, Naomi, "History Matters to Science: It helps to explain how cynical actors undermine the truth", ''

Scientific American ''Scientific American'', informally abbreviated ''SciAm'' or sometimes ''SA'', is an American popular science magazine. Many famous scientists, including Albert Einstein and Nikola Tesla, have contributed articles to it. In print since 1845, it i ...

'', vol. 323, no. 6 (December 2020), p. 81. "In our 2010 book, ''

'', Erik M. Conway and I showed how the same arguments s_those_used_to_cast_doubt_on_the_link_between_tobacco_use_and_lung_cancer.html" ;"title="tobacco.html" ;"title="s those used to cast doubt on the link between tobacco">s those used to cast doubt on the link between tobacco use and lung cancer">tobacco.html" ;"title="s those used to cast doubt on the link between tobacco">s those used to cast doubt on the link between tobacco use and lung cancer] were used to delay action on acid rain, the ozone hole and climate change – and this year [2020] we saw the spurious "freedom" argument being used to disparage mask wearing uring_the_COVID-19_pandemic.html" ;"title="COVID-19_pandemic.html" ;"title="uring the COVID-19 pandemic">uring the COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19_pandemic.html" ;"title="uring the COVID-19 pandemic">uring the COVID-19 pandemic" * * * * * * * * * * *

Selected awards, honors, and fellowships

* The British Academy Medal, 2019 * Mary C. Rabbit Award (History and Philosophy of Geology Division),

Geological Society of America The Geological Society of America (GSA) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the advancement of the geosciences. History The society was founded in Ithaca, New York, in 1888 by Alexander Winchell, John J. Stevenson, Charles H. Hitch ...

, 2019 * Elected Member of the American Philosophical Society, 2019 * Guggenheim Fellow, 2018-2019, John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, * Elected Member of

American Academy of Arts and Sciences The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (abbreviation: AAA&S) is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States. It was founded in 1780 during the American Revolution by John Adams, John Hancock, James Bowdoin, Andrew Oliver, a ...

, 2017 * Plenary Speaker,

, 2017 * Stephen H. Schneider Award for Outstanding Climate Science Communication,

Climate One ''Climate One'' is a weekly podcast and radio program, aired on more than 60 public radio stations around the U.S. A special project of The Commonwealth Club of California, Climate One is based in San Francisco, California. Through its podcast, ...

, 2016 * Ambassador and Fellow,

American Geophysical Union The American Geophysical Union (AGU) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization of Earth, atmospheric, ocean, hydrologic, space, and planetary scientists and enthusiasts that according to their website includes 130,000 people (not members). AGU's a ...

, 2016 * Frederick Anderson Climate Change Award,

Center for International Environmental Law The Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) is a public nonprofit environmental law firm based in Geneva, Switzerland with an office in Washington, DC, United States. It was founded in 1989. CIEL's team aims to "strength and use inter ...

, 2016 * Convocation Speaker, The

Evergreen State College The Evergreen State College is a public liberal arts college in Olympia, Washington. Founded in 1967, it offers a non-traditional undergraduate curriculum in which students have the option to design their own study towards a degree or follow a p ...

, Olympia and Tacoma, Washington, 2016 * Public Service Award,

, 2015 * Elected a Fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry, 2015 * William T. Patten Visiting Lectureship,

Indiana University Indiana University (IU) is a system of public universities in the U.S. state of Indiana. Campuses Indiana University has two core campuses, five regional campuses, and two regional centers under the administration of IUPUI. *Indiana Universi ...

, March 2015 * Herbert Feis Prize for Public History,

American Historical Association The American Historical Association (AHA) is the oldest professional association of historians in the United States and the largest such organization in the world. Founded in 1884, the AHA works to protect academic freedom, develop professional s ...

2014 * Forum for the History of Science in America Distinguished Lecture

History of Science Society The History of Science Society (HSS) is the primary professional society for the academic study of the history of science. It was founded in 1924 by George Sarton, David Eugene Smith, and Lawrence Joseph Henderson, primarily to support the publi ...

2014 * Presidential Citation for Science and Society

2014 * Commencement Speaker

University of California, Riverside The University of California, Riverside (UCR or UC Riverside) is a public land-grant research university in Riverside, California. It is one of the ten campuses of the University of California system. The main campus sits on in a suburban distr ...

2012 * Climate Change Communicator of the Year, George Mason University Center for Climate Change Communication, 2011 * Francis Bacon Award in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology,

Caltech The California Institute of Technology (branded as Caltech or CIT)The university itself only spells its short form as "Caltech"; the institution considers other spellings such a"Cal Tech" and "CalTech" incorrect. The institute is also occasional ...

2008 * Chancellors Associates’ Faculty Excellence Award for Community Service

2008 * Listed, Who's Who in American Science and Engineering, Who's Who in the West * George Sarton Award Lecture, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2004 * American Philosophical Society Sabbatical Fellowship, 2001–2002 * National Science Foundation Young Investigator Award, 1994–1999 * Ritter Memorial Fellowship in History of Marine Sciences, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1994 * National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowship for University Teachers, 1993-94 * Society of Economic Geologists Lindgren Prize for outstanding work by a young scientist, 1993

Notes and references

External links

Oreskes' home page
at

*
''Why we should believe in science''
Lecture in

TED TED may refer to: Economics and finance * TED spread between U.S. Treasuries and Eurodollar Education * ''Türk Eğitim Derneği'', the Turkish Education Association ** TED Ankara College Foundation Schools, Turkey ** Transvaal Education Depa ...

-Salon, New York, May 2014.
''The Collapse of Western Civilization''
''The Science Show'', ABC Radio National, 16 August 2014.
''SILA – The Competing Interests Shaping the Future of our Planet''
Panel Discussion,

American Academy of Arts & Sciences The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (abbreviation: AAA&S) is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States. It was founded in 1780 during the American Revolution by John Adams, John Hancock, James Bowdoin, Andrew Oliver, and ...

, 18 March 2014.
Transcript
)
‘I Can’t Just Stand on the Sidelines’: An Interview with Naomi Oreskes
by

Claudia Dreifus Claudia Dreifus is an American journalist, educator and lecturer, producer of the weekly feature ''“Conversation with…”'' of the Science Section of ''The New York Times'', and known for her interviews with leading figures in world politics ...

October 18, 2019 * {{DEFAULTSORT:Oreskes, Naomi 1958 births Living people 20th-century American historians 20th-century American women writers 21st-century American historians 21st-century American women writers Activists from California Alumni of Imperial College London American non-fiction environmental writers American women historians Dartmouth College faculty Harvard University faculty Historians from New York (state) Historians of science Members of the American Philosophical Society New York University faculty Place of birth missing (living people) Scientific American people Stanford University alumni Stuyvesant High School alumni University of California, San Diego faculty Women earth scientists