Official names, long
Transnistria has three official languages: Russian language, Russian, Moldovan language, Moldavian (in the Cyrillic alphabet), and Ukrainian language, Ukrainian. In each of the three national languages the name reads: *Russian: Приднестровская Молдавская Республика (Pridnestrovskaya Moldavskaya Respublika), abbreviated ПМР *Moldavian Cyrillic: Република Молдовеняскэ Нистрянэ (Republica Moldovenească Nistreană), abbreviated РМН *Ukrainian: Придністровська Молдавська Республіка (Prydnistrovs'ka Moldavs'ka Respublika), abbreviated ПМР The abbreviations of each name in the official languages also appear on the Transnistrian Coat of arms of Transnistria, coat of arms. The Constitution of Transnistria gives the official name as Pridnestrovskaia Moldavskaia Respublica (PMR). Some authorities, such as the President of Transnistria, President's office, translate this name to English as the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic. The official abbreviation in English is PMR.Official names, short
The official shortform name (the name in daily usage) in Russian is "Приднестровье", Pridnestrovie, which literally means "Cisdniestria". Short name in Romanian ''Nistrenia'' (''Нистреня'' in Cyrillic), in Ukrainian Придністров'я - ''Prydnistrovia''. The PMR government favours not to translate the country name when written in English. Per a 2000 presidential naming decree, the official transliteration in Latin script is Pridnestrovie.Names used by Moldova
The Government of Moldova refers to the area as the Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester, Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester (Transnistria): *Moldovan: Unitățile Administrativ-Teritoriale din stînga Nistrului (Transnistria) *Russian: Административно-территориальные единицы левобережья Днестра (Приднестровья) *Ukrainian: Автономне територіальне утворення з особливим правовим статусом Придністров'я (Придністров'я)Other names in use
In Russian, the names used for Transnistria are always consistently either Pridnestrovskaia Moldavskaia Respublica or Pridnestrovie (the two official names, long- and short- respectively). However, in English a wide variety of names have been used to describe the region, among them: Trans-Dniester, Transdnistria, Transdniestria, Transdniestr, Trans-Dniestria, Transdniester, Transniestria, Transdnestr, also Trans-Dnjestr and Trans-Dnjester. The European Court of Human Rights used the name Moldavian Republic of Transdniestria or Moldovan Republic of Transnistria (MRT), while Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and others sometimes refer to it as the Transnistrian Moldovan Republic (TMR). Author Charles King, in his book ''The Moldovans'', uses the names Dnestr Republic and Dnestr Moldovan Republic (DMR).Naming background
All of the names cited above have their root in the name of the river Dniester. In Romanian/Moldavian, the river is known as Nistru. The name "Transnistria" is Romanian/Moldavian and literally means "beyond the river Dniester". The name has been in use in Romania as early as 1924, but it was Transnistria (World War II), popularized internationally during World War II. Therefore, this name is very offensive to the locals. In both Russian and Ukrainian, the name has a more literal meaning as it is called "Cisdniestria" which means "On ''this'' side of the Dniester", "By-the-Dniester" or "On-the-Dniester" (as opposed to ''beyond'' the Dniester).References
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