Name of Serbia
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Names of the Serbs and Serbia are terms and other designations referring to general
terminology Terminology is a group of specialized words and respective meanings in a particular field, and also the study of such terms and their use; the latter meaning is also known as terminology science. A ''term'' is a word, compound word, or multi-wor ...
and
nomenclature Nomenclature (, ) is a system of names or terms, or the rules for forming these terms in a particular field of arts or sciences. The principles of naming vary from the relatively informal naming conventions, conventions of everyday speech to the i ...
on the
Serbs The Serbs ( sr-Cyr, Срби, Srbi, ) are the most numerous South Slavic ethnic group native to the Balkans in Southeastern Europe, who share a common Serbian ancestry, culture, history and language. The majority of Serbs live in their na ...
( sr, Срби, Srbi, ) and
Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...
( sr, Србија/Srbija, ). Throughout history, various endonyms and exonyms have been used in reference to ethnic Serbs and their lands. Basic terms, used in
Serbian language Serbian (, ) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs. It is the official and national language of Serbia, one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina and co-official in Montenegro and Kos ...
, were introduced via classical languages ( Greek and
Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
) into other languages, including
English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...
. The process of interlingual transmission began during the early medieval period, and continued up to the modern times, being finalized in major international languages at the beginning of the 20th century.


Etymology

The ethnonym is mentioned in the Middle Ages as ''Cervetiis'' (''Servetiis''), ''gentis (S)urbiorum'', ''Suurbi'', ''Sorabi'', ''Soraborum'', ''Sorabos'', ''Surpe'', ''Sorabici'', ''Sorabiet'', ''Sarbin'', ''Swrbjn'', ''Servians'', ''Sorbi'', ''Sirbia, Sribia, Zirbia, Zribia'', ''Suurbelant'', ''Surbia'', ''Serbulia'' (or ''Sorbulia''), among others. There exist two prevailing theories on the origin of the ethnonym ''*Sŕbъ'' (plur. ''*Sŕby''), one from a
Proto-Slavic language Proto-Slavic (abbreviated PSl., PS.; also called Common Slavic or Common Slavonic) is the unattested, reconstructed proto-language of all Slavic languages. It represents Slavic speech approximately from the 2nd millennium B.C. through the 6th ...
and another from an Iranian-Sarmatian language. Other derivations like from Old
Indic Indic may refer to: * Indic languages (disambiguation) * Various scripts: ** Brahmic scripts, a family of scripts used to write Indian and other Asian languages ** Kharosthi (extinct) * Indian numerals * Indian religions, also known as the Dharmic ...
('fight, cut, kill'), ('make up, constitute'), and el, siro (, 'repeat') are considered unreliable. The most prominent theory considers it of Proto-Slavic origin. According to , who also argued native Slavic provenance of the ethnonym, the theory advances a conclusion that the ethnonym has a meaning of a family kinship or alliance, and it is argued by Pavel Jozef Šafárik, , Aleksander Brückner, Franz Miklosich, Jan Otrębski,
Heinz Schuster-Šewc Heinz Schuster-Šewc ( Sorbian ''Hinc Šewc''; 8 February, 1927 in Purschwitz – 10 February, 2021 in Leipzig) was a German Sorbian Slavicist and university professor. After studying Slavic studies, he did his PhD and habilitation. From 1964, he ...
, ,
J. J. Mikkola Jooseppi Julius (J. J.) Mikkola (July 6, 1866, Ylöjärvi – September 28, 1946, Helsinki), was Finnish linguist and professor. Mikkola is regarded as one of the most important Finnish linguists of Slavic languages of his era. Biography Mikkola ...
, Max Vasmer, among others. German-Sorbian scholar Schuster-Šewc listed the ''*srъb-'' / ''*sьrb-'' roots in Slavic words meaning "to sip, munch", found in Polish ''s(i)erbać'', Russian ''сербать'', etc., and also cognates in non-Slavic languages, such as Lithuanian ''suřbti'', Middle German ''sürfen'', which all derive from Indo-European onomatopoeic roots ''*serbh-'' / ''*sirbh-'' / ''*surbh-'' meaning "to sip, to breast-feed, to flow". According to him, the basis of the ethnonym lays in " kinship by milk" and "brotherhood in milk" which was widespread in early ethnic groups (between both relatives and non-relatives) and thus carried the secondary meanings of "those who belong to the same family, kinsman"; "member of the same kin, tribe"; and finally an ethnonym (name of a people, nation). According to Vasmer's etymological dictionary, the root *sъrbъ is most probably connected with Russian ''paserb'' (пасерб, "stepson") and Ukrainian ''priserbitisya'' (присербитися, "join in") in the meaning of "alliance". Zbigniew Gołąb similarly derived it from Proto-Indo-European in the meaning of "outgrowth, member of the family". Stanisław Rospond derived the denomination of ''Srb'' from ''srbati'' ( cf. ''sorbo'', ''absorbo''), and Proto-Indo-European base ''*serpłynąć'' as a possible reference to the humid areas inhabited by the same people, which was also argued by Stanisław Kozierowski. Another theory considers it of Iranian origin. Oleg Trubachyov derived it from Indo-Aryan ''*sar-'' (head) and ''*bai-'' (to hit), or assumed Scythian form ''*serv'' that in Old Indian ''sarva'' has a meaning of "all" which has a semantic analogy in Germanic
Alemanni The Alemanni or Alamanni, were a confederation of Germanic tribes * * * on the Upper Rhine River. First mentioned by Cassius Dio in the context of the campaign of Caracalla of 213, the Alemanni captured the in 260, and later expanded into pres ...
. There are also those like J. Nalepa who related the ethnonym of the Serbs and Croats, and derived Slavic ''sьrbъ'' and ''Serboi'' (Σέρβοι) from Indo-European ''*ser-v-'' (to protect) which had an equivalent in classical Scythian language, ''*хаrv-'', from which presumably derived the Slavic ethnonym ''*хṛvati'' (Croats). However, this theory is rejected by some Ukrainian scholars, and Russian linguists like Vyacheslav Ivanov and Vladimir Toporov. Such scholars claim the Serbs are unrelated to the East Slavs and, in their view, the scholarship clearly shows that the origin and meaning of the Serbian ethnonym is distant from the Croatian ethnonym.


Endonym

The earliest mention of the Serbs in the Balkans appears to be from
Einhard Einhard (also Eginhard or Einhart; la, E(g)inhardus; 775 – 14 March 840) was a Frankish scholar and courtier. Einhard was a dedicated servant of Charlemagne and his son Louis the Pious; his main work is a biography of Charlemagne, the ''Vita ...
's '' Royal Frankish Annals'', written in 822 AD, when prince
Ljudevit Ljudevit () is a Croatian masculine given name. The name comes from the word ''ljudi'', meaning ''people''. The name Ljudevit is also used as a translation of foreign names such as Ludwig or Louis. Ljudevit may refer to: * Ljudevit (Lower Pannon ...
went from his seat at
Sisak Sisak (; hu, Sziszek ; also known by other alternative names) is a city in central Croatia, spanning the confluence of the Kupa, Sava and Odra rivers, southeast of the Croatian capital Zagreb, and is usually considered to be where the Posavin ...
to the Serbs (believed to have been somewhere in western Bosnia). Einhard mentions "the Serbs, a people that is said to hold a large part of
Dalmatia Dalmatia (; hr, Dalmacija ; it, Dalmazia; see #Name, names in other languages) is one of the four historical region, historical regions of Croatia, alongside Croatia proper, Slavonia, and Istria. Dalmatia is a narrow belt of the east shore of ...
" ( la, ad Sorabos, quae natio magnam Dalmatiae partem obtinere dicitur). , written by Byzantine emperor
Constantine VII Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (; 17 May 905 – 9 November 959) was the fourth Emperor of the Macedonian dynasty of the Byzantine Empire, reigning from 6 June 913 to 9 November 959. He was the son of Emperor Leo VI and his fourth wife, Zoe Kar ...
in the mid-10th century, tells a version of the early history of the Serbs. He mentions White Serbia (or ''Boiki''), from whence migrated the White Serbs. The emperor contended that their name in the tongue of the Romans means a "servant"; because of which the signifies 'menial shoes', while is for those who wear poor man's footwear; and additionally, that the region or town of Servia (''Serblia'') near Thessaloniki received its name from the Serbs who once lived there. This derivation is false etymology (a paraetymology), and the account's reliability is also disputed. Some scholars argue that the Serb ethnonym is antique. According to this theory, it is connected to the mentions of Tacitus in 50 AD, Pliny the Elder in 77 AD ('' Naturalis Historia'') and Ptolemy in his ''Geography'' 2nd century AD, of the Sarmatian tribe of Serboi of the North Caucasus and Lower Volga.
Đorđe Branković Đorđe Branković ( sr-Cyrl, Ђорђе Бранковић; anglicized as ''George''; also known as Saint Maksim; b. 1461 – d. 1516) was the last male member of the Branković dynasty, and titular Despot of Serbia from 1486 to 1497. The titl ...
(1645–1711), in his ''Chronicles'', wrote: "The Serbian name comes from the Savromat name, as
Philipp Melanchthon Philip Melanchthon. (born Philipp Schwartzerdt; 16 February 1497 – 19 April 1560) was a German Lutheran reformer, collaborator with Martin Luther, the first systematic theologian of the Protestant Reformation, intellectual leader of the Lu ...
testifies... According to a second version the Serbian name comes from the Sires people who used to live in the Asian part of Scythia. Among the Sires, wool grew in the same way as silk". In 1878, Henry Hoyle Howorth connected Ptolemy's mention of the town of
Serbinum Serbinum, also known as Servitium or Servicium, was an ancient Roman city in the province of Pannonia. It was situated in the location of present-day Gradiška in northern Bosnia and Herzegovina. Sources *In Ptolemy’s Geography from the 2nd ...
(Σέρβινον), modern Gradiška, Bosnia and Herzegovina, to the Serbs, and also found the Serb ethnonym ''Cervetiis'' (''Servetiis'') in the works of Vibius Sequester. In ''De Bello Gothico'' Procopius (500-565) uses the name ''
Sporoi Sporoi ( el, Σπόροι) or Spori was according to Eastern Roman scholar Procopius (500–560) the old name of the Antes and Sclaveni, two Early Slavic branches. Procopius stated that the Sclaveni and Antes spoke the same language, but he did no ...
'' as an umbrella term for the Slavic tribes of Antes and Sclaveni, it is however not known whether the Slavs used this designation for themselves or he himself coined the term. It has been theorized by the older generation of scholars that the name is a corruption of the ethnonym ''Serbs'',Elements of Ethnic Identification of the Serbs
By Danijela Gavrilović. ''Facta Universitatis''. Series: Philosophy, Sociology and Psychology Vol. 2, n° 10, 2003, pp. 717 - 730.
as ''Sporoi'' may be identical with 'Sorpi=Serpi=Serbi' and 'Sclavini'.


Exonyms

During the medieval and early modern period, several exonyms were used as designations for Serbs and Serbia. ;Rascia and Rasciani Since the late 12th century, the term ''Rascia'' (), with several variants (Rasscia, Rassia, Rasia, Raxia), was used as an exonym for Serbia in Latin sources, along with other names such as ''Servia'', ''Dalmatia'' and ''Slavonia''. It was derived from the town of
Ras Ras or RAS may refer to: Arts and media * RAS Records Real Authentic Sound, a reggae record label * Rundfunk Anstalt Südtirol, a south Tyrolese public broadcasting service * Rás 1, an Icelandic radio station * Rás 2, an Icelandic radio stati ...
, a royal estate, and seat of an eparchy. The first attestation is in a charter from Kotor dated to 1186, in which Stefan Nemanja, the Grand Prince (1166–1196), is mentioned as "'' župan'' of Rascia". It was one of the common names for Serbia in western sources (
Papacy The pope ( la, papa, from el, πάππας, translit=pappas, 'father'), also known as supreme pontiff ( or ), Roman pontiff () or sovereign pontiff, is the bishop of Rome (or historically the patriarch of Rome), head of the worldwide Cathol ...
, Italian, German, French, etc.), often in conjunction with ''Serbia'' (''Servia et Rascia''). "Rascia" was never used in Byzantine works. The term is often used in modern historiography to refer to the medieval "Serbian hinterland" or "inner Serbia", that is, the inland territories in relation to the maritime principalities at the Adriatic (the " Pomorje"). The term is attested since the late 12th century, but in historiography, the early medieval Serbian Principality is sometimes also called ''Raška'' (Rascia), erroneously (and anachronistically). In DAI, the Serbian hinterland is called "baptized Serbia", while Ras is only mentioned as a border town. The misconceptions arose from the much later '' Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja'', that projected later terminology on earlier periods. In historical reality of the early medieval period, the city of Ras became a local administrative center only in 970-975, when Byzantines created a short-lived Catepanate of Ras. In 1019, the Eparchy of Ras was organized, with jurisdiction over eastern parts of inner Serbia, and thus the foundation was laid for gradual emergence of a regional name, derived from Ras. Retaking the city of Ras from Byzantines, local Serbian rulers made it one of their main seats, and since it was also a seat of a local bishop of Ras, it gradually became the most important center of inner Serbia. By the end of the 12th century, term Raška (Rascia) became common designation for central parts of inner Serbia, and it was also used to designate the state centered in that region, namely the Serbian state of the Nemanjić dynasty. Between the 15th and 18th centuries, the term ( la, Rascia, hu, Ráczság) was used to designate the southern Pannonian Plain inhabited by Serbs, or " Rascians" ( la, Rasciani, Natio Rasciana, hu, Rác(ok)), who had settled there following the Ottoman conquests and Great Serb migrations. ;Other medieval exonyms *The Serbs were often called "Triballi" in Byzantine works. The '' Triballi'' was an ancient
Thracian tribe The Thracians (; grc, Θρᾷκες ''Thrāikes''; la, Thraci) were an Indo-European speaking people who inhabited large parts of Eastern and Southeastern Europe in ancient history.. "The Thracians were an Indo-European people who occupied ...
that inhabited the area of the Morava Valley in southern Serbia. They were last mentioned in the 3rd century. The educated Byzantine authors sought an ancient name for the Serbs, and adopted it as the most likely. It was in use between the 11th and 15th century. *In the Byzantine chronicle ''
Alexiad The ''Alexiad'' ( el, Ἀλεξιάς, Alexias) is a medieval historical and biographical text written around the year 1148, by the Byzantine princess Anna Komnene, daughter of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos. It was written in a form of artificial ...
'', covering the 11th century (written in 1148), Anna Komnene mentions the Serbs by the names ''Sklaveni'' and ''Dalmati'' (Δαλμάται, ''Dalmatai''), with ''Dalmatia'' starting from
Kosovo and Metohija The Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija ( sr, Косово и Метохиja, Kosovo i Metohija; sq, Kosova dhe Metohija), commonly known as Kosovo and abbreviated to Kosmet or KiM, is an autonomous province defined by the constituti ...
. John Kinnamos, in his work covering 1118–76, wrote: "the Serbs, a Dalmatic (Dalmatian) tribe" ( gr, Σέρβιοι, έθνος Δαλματικόν), thus using "Dalmat(ian)s" or "Dalmatic (Dalmatian) people" in the context of the Serbs, and "Dalmatia" in the context of Serbia. There are numerous other, less prominent, instances, poetic for example —
Theodore Prodromus Theodore Prodromos or Prodromus ( el, Θεόδωρος Πρόδρομος; c. 1100 – c. 1165/70), probably also the same person as the so-called Ptochoprodromos (Πτωχοπρόδρομος "Poor Prodromos"), was a Byzantine Greek writer, wel ...
,
Michael Italicus Michael Italicus or Italikos ( el, Μιχαήλ Ἰταλικός; fl. 1136–66) was a Byzantine medical instructor (''didaskalos iatron'') at the Pantokrator hospital that had been established by Emperor John II Komnenos (r. 1118–43) in 113 ...
and the typikon of the Pantokrator monastery, among others. ;Early modern exonyms *" Vlachs", referring to pastoralists, was a common exonym for Serbs in the Ottoman Empire and later. The term "Vlachs" was also used for Slavs who shared lifestyle (as shepherds) with Romance peoples ('' Vlachs''); it was used for the Serbs who settled the Military Frontier. Documents of the 13th–15th century show that Vlachs, the descendants of indigenous peoples, were considered by Serbs as "other", and distinct from themselves. How Serbs perceived these differences or their basis for "othering" is largely unknown, as very little evidence survives. There were specific and separate regulations for Serbs and Vlachs, however, which included prohibition on intermarriage. Croatian nationalist historiography (including Ustashe propaganda) claim that the settlers were not Serbs, but ethnic Vlachs, thus implying that Serbs of Croatia are not Serbs. All South Slavic ethnic groups had some Romance ingredient, although there is no evidence that all or most Serbs in Croatia were of Vlach origin. In Bosnia, Orthodox Christians were called "Vlachs", actually used as a synonym of "Serbs". It was used as a derogatory term, and as a common name for Orthodox Serbs in Catholic lands, and lesser in the Ottoman Empire.
Tihomir Đorđević Tihomir Đorđević (Knjaževac, Principality of Serbia, 19 February 1868 — Belgrade, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, 28 May 1944) was a Serbian ethnologist, folklorist, cultural historian and professor at the University of Belgrade. Biography He rece ...
(1868–1944), as did other academics, stressed that the name "Vlach" did not only refer to genuine Vlachs (Romance-speaking people), but also to cattle breeders in general. Serbs that took refuge in the Habsburg Military Frontier were called "Vlachs" by the Croats. In the work ''About the Vlachs'' (1806), Metropolitan
Stevan Stratimirović Stephen or Steven is a common English first name. It is particularly significant to Christians, as it belonged to Saint Stephen ( grc-gre, Στέφανος ), an early disciple and deacon who, according to the Book of Acts, was stoned to death; ...
stated that Roman Catholics from Croatia and Slavonia scornfully used the name "Vlach" for "the Slovenians (Slavs) and Serbs, who are of our, Eastern rthodoxconfession", and that "the Turks (Muslims) in Bosnia and Serbia also call every Bosnian or Serbian Christian a Vlach". That the name "Vlach" used to signify the Serbs is testified by Vuk Karadžić in his many recorded proverbs. The term may have originated from Stari Vlah, from where refugees arrived in what was then the Holy Roman Empire. *In Dalmatia, terms used for Serbs were: "
Morlachs Morlachs ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Morlaci, Морлаци or , ; it, Morlacchi; ro, Morlaci) has been an exonym used for a rural Christian community in Herzegovina, Lika and the Dalmatian Hinterland. The term was initially used for a bilingual Vlach p ...
" (''Morlaci''), "Vlachs" (''Vlasi''), ''Rkaći'', ''Rkači'', "Greek Dalmatians" (''Garčki Dalmatini''), or "Greek people". The Catholics used the pejorative word ''rkać'', derived from Venetian, for Orthodox people. The terms ''Rišćani'', ''Rkaći'' (''Grkaći''), ''Morlaci'' (''crni Vlasi''), were used for primitive shepherds, Serbs, who moved in Bukovica, and mountain pastures on the border of Lika (Velebit) and Bosnia (Dinara). *''Illyrians'' ( la, Illyrii), or the ''Illyrian nation'' ( la, Natio Illyrica): During the early modern period, Serbs were also referred to as ''Illyrians'', most commonly by the state administration of the
Habsburg monarchy The Habsburg monarchy (german: Habsburgermonarchie, ), also known as the Danubian monarchy (german: Donaumonarchie, ), or Habsburg Empire (german: Habsburgerreich, ), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities ...
. Since the end of the 17th century, those
archaic Archaic is a period of time preceding a designated classical period, or something from an older period of time that is also not found or used currently: *List of archaeological periods **Archaic Sumerian language, spoken between 31st - 26th cent ...
terms were used in a classicizing manner, as a historical reference for geographical position of Serbian homeland in regions that were formerly covered by the ancient Illyricum. Among official documents that used such terminology was the '' Declaratory Rescript of the Illyrian Nation'' ( la, Rescriptum Declaratorium Illyricae Nationis), issued in 1779 by Empress
Maria Theresa Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina (german: Maria Theresia; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was ruler of the Habsburg dominions from 1740 until her death in 1780, and the only woman to hold the position ''suo jure'' (in her own right). ...
in order to regulate several questions related to position of the Serbian Orthodox
Metropolitanate of Karlovci The Metropolitanate of Karlovci ( sr, Карловачка митрополија, Karlovačka mitropolija) was a metropolitanate of the Eastern Orthodox Church that existed in the Habsburg monarchy between 1708 and 1848. Between 1708 and 1713 ...
.


Misnaming

Because of a confusion of ethnicity/nationality with religious affiliation, many authors from historic times referred to and recorded Serbs by the following names: *by the major regional names of: Bosnians, Herzegovinians, Krajishniks and Slavonians.


Pejorative

*
Serbomans Serbomans (Serbo-Croatian and mk, србомани, srbomani; bg, сърбомани, sarbomani; ro, sârbomani) is a Bulgarian pejorative term used by Bulgarian nationalists for inhabitants in the region of Macedonia that claimed Serbian ethnic ...
, Serbs in Bulgaria * Raci, Serbs in Austro-Hungary * Tschusch, Serbs in Austria * Vlach, Serbs in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina *
Shkije Shkije or Shkje, is a pejorative term used in the Gheg dialect of Albanian to refer to non-Albanians such as Serbs, Macedonians, Montenegrins, Greeks, Italians, and to a lesser extent Croats and Bosniaks. The Arvanites in Greece use the version ...
, in Kosovo and Metochia and Albania


Anthroponymy

;Male given names Srba, Srbislav, Srbivoje, Srbko, Srboje, Srbomir, Srborad, Srbomil, Srboljub, Srbobran. ;Female given names Srbijanka, Srbinka, and others. ;Surnames Srbinac, Srbinić, Srbinov, Srbinovac, Srbinović, Srbinovski, Srbić, Srbović, Srbljanović, Srbljanin, Srbljak, Srpčić, Serban, and others.


Toponymy

There are many toponyms that are supposedly related to endonyms and exonyms for Serbs.


Historical

* Gordoservon/Servochoria, in
Phrygia In classical antiquity, Phrygia ( ; grc, Φρυγία, ''Phrygía'' ) was a kingdom in the west central part of Anatolia, in what is now Asian Turkey, centered on the Sangarios River. After its conquest, it became a region of the great empires ...
of Anatolia (modern central Turkey) (Early Middle Ages) * Novaya Serbiya, military province in
Imperial Russia The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the List of Russian monarchs, Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended th ...
(modern Ukraine) (1752–1764) * Slavyanoserbiya, military province in Imperial Russia (modern Ukraine) (1753–1764) *
Republic of Serbian Krajina The Republic of Serbian Krajina or Serb Republic of Krajina ( sh, Република Српска Крајина, italics=no / or РСК / ''RSK'', ), known as the Serbian Krajina ( / ) or simply Krajina, was a self-proclaimed Serb proto-state, ...
(Republika Srpska Krajina)


Renderings in other languages

Historical renderings in other languages: *Servii, Latin rendering. **Serviani/Servians, medieval French and English rendering of the Serbs. Modern renderings in other languages: *Macedonian, Montenegrin, Bosnian, Slovak and Slovene: Srbi (Срби) * be, Сербы, bg, Сърби, it, Serbi, mt, Serbi, uk, Серби, la, Serbi : Serbi * ar, صرب *Simplified *Traditional * cs, Srbové * cy, Serbiaid *german: Serben * et, Serblased * el, Σέρβοι (Servi) * es, Serbios * eo, Serboj *french: Serbes * ko, 세르비아인 * he, סרבים * hi, सर्ब लोग * os, Сербаг адæм * ka, სერბები * lt, Serbai * hu, Szerbek * nl, Serviërs / Serven" * ja, セルビア人 * no, Serbere * pl, Serbowie * pt, Sérvios * ro, Sârbi *russian: Сербы * sq, Serbët * cu, Срь́би * fi, Serbit * sv, Serber * tt-Cyrl, Серблар * tr, Sırplar


See also

* Serbian names * Serbians


Notes


References

{{Reflist, 25em


Sources

;Primary {{refbegin, 2 * {{Cite book, editor-last1=Martin, editor-first1=Joannes Baptista, editor-last2=Petit, editor-first2=Ludovicus, chapter=Serborum in Hungaria degentium synodi et constitutiones ecclesiasticae, title=Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, year=1907, volume=39, location=Parisiis, publisher=Huberti Welter, Bibliopolae, pages=497–956, url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k51626k * {{Cite book, editor-last=Moravcsik, editor-first=Gyula, editor-link=Gyula Moravcsik, title=Constantine Porphyrogenitus: De Administrando Imperio, year=1967, orig-year=1949, edition=2nd revised, location=Washington D.C., publisher=Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies, isbn=9780884020219, url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3al15wpFWiMC * {{Cite book, editor-last=Pertz, editor-first=Georg Heinrich, editor-link=Georg Heinrich Pertz, title=Einhardi Annales, year=1845, location=Hanover, url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yBhKAAAAcAAJ * {{Cite book, editor-last=Scholz, editor-first=Bernhard Walter, title=Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard's Histories, year=1970, publisher=University of Michigan Press, isbn=0472061860, url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sTzl6wFjehMC * {{Cite book, last=Кунчер, first=Драгана, year=2009, title=Gesta Regum Sclavorum, volume=1, location=Београд-Никшић, publisher=Историјски институт, Манастир Острог * {{Cite book, last=Живковић, first=Тибор, author-link=Tibor Živković, year=2009, title=Gesta Regum Sclavorum, volume=2, location=Београд-Никшић, publisher=Историјски институт, Манастир Острог * {{Cite book, last=Živković, first=Tibor, author-link=Tibor Živković, title=De conversione Croatorum et Serborum: A Lost Source, year=2012, location=Belgrade, publisher=The Institute of History, url=https://www.academia.edu/1231887 {{refend ;Secondary {{refbegin, 2 * {{Cite book, last=Ćirković, first=Sima, author-link=Sima Ćirković, year=2004, title=The Serbs, location=Malden, publisher=Blackwell Publishing, isbn=9781405142915, url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Wc-DWRzoeIC}
This English translation in PDF format "corresponds to the first English edition of 2004". Made available by the author.
* {{cite book, last=Curta, first=Florin, author-link=Florin Curta, title=The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, c.500–700, url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rcFGhCVs0sYC, year=2001, publisher=Cambridge University Press, isbn=978-1-139-42888-0 * {{Cite book, last=Curta, first=Florin, author-link=Florin Curta, title=Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250, year=2006, location=Cambridge, publisher=Cambridge University Press, url=https://archive.org/details/southeasterneuro0000curt, url-access=registration * {{Cite book, last1=Donia, first1=Robert J., last2=Fine, first2=John Van Antwerp Jr., author-link2=John Van Antwerp Fine Jr., title=Bosnia and Hercegovina: A Tradition Betrayed, year=1994, location=London, publisher=Hurst and Company, isbn=9781850652113, url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qJvbRP5KSq4C * {{Cite book, last=Fine, first=John Van Antwerp Jr., author-link=John Van Antwerp Fine Jr., title=The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century, year=1991, orig-year=1983, location=Ann Arbor, Michigan, publisher=University of Michigan Press, isbn=0472081497, url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0NBxG9Id58C * {{Cite book, last=Fine, first=John Van Antwerp Jr., author-link=John Van Antwerp Fine Jr., title=When Ethnicity Did Not Matter in the Balkans: A Study of Identity in Pre-Nationalist Croatia, Dalmatia, and Slavonia in the Medieval and Early-Modern Periods, year=2005, location=Ann Arbor, Michigan, publisher=University of Michigan Press, isbn=0472025600, url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEF5oN5erE0C * {{citation , last=Howorth, first=Henry Hoyle, title=The Spread of the Slaves , publisher=Journal of the Anthropological Institute , year=1878 , jstor=2841191 * {{cite web, last=Ivić, first=Aleksa, title=О српском и хрватском имену, publisher=Projekat Rastko, year=2008, orig-year=1922, url=http://www.rastko.rs/istorija/delo/10002 * {{cite book, last=Kunstmann, first=Heinrich, chapter=5.3. Was der Serbenname zu bedeuten scheint, title=Die Slaven: ihr Name, ihre Wanderung nach Europa und die Anfänge der russischen Geschichte in historisch-onomastischer Sicht, chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XUILevc96xEC&pg=PA43, year=1996, publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag, isbn=978-3-515-06816-1, pages=42–44 * {{cite book, last1=Lampe, first1=John R., last2=Jackson, first2=Marvin R., title=Balkan Economic History, 1550-1950: From Imperial Borderlands to Developing Nations, url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OtW2axOSn10C&pg=PA62, year=1982, publisher=Indiana University Press, isbn=0-253-30368-0 * {{Cite book, last=Lins, first=Joseph, chapter=Illyria, title=The Catholic Encyclopedia, year=1910, volume=7, location=New York, publisher=Robert Appleton Company, pages=663–664, url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o1U_AQAAMAAJ * {{cite journal, last=Lukaszewicz, first=Adam, title=De Sclavinis et sclavis..., journal=Dialogues d'histoire ancienne, year=1998, volume=24, issue=2, pages=129–135, doi=10.3406/dha.1998.2394, url=http://www.persee.fr/doc/dha_0755-7256_1998_num_24_2_2394, language=fr * {{Cite book, last=Papazoglu, first=Fanula, author-link=Fanula Papazoglu, title=The Central Balkan Tribes in pre-Roman Times: Triballi, Autariatae, Dardanians, Scordisci and Moesians, year=1978, location=Amsterdam, publisher=Hakkert, isbn=9789025607937, url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Up4JAQAAIAAJ * {{cite journal, last=Schuster-Šewc, first=Η., year=1985, title=Zur Geschichte und Etymologie des ethnischen Namens Sorb/Serb/Sarb/Srb, journal=Zeitschrift für Slawistik, volume=30, issue=1–6, pages=847–852, doi=10.1524/slaw.1985.30.16.847, s2cid=170173568, language=de {{refend {{Europe topic, Name of {{DEFAULTSORT:Names Of The Serbs History of the Serbs Ethnonyms Country name etymology, Serbia