Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit gamma is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, res ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''NFYC''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b ...
.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is one subunit of a trimeric complex, forming a highly conserved
transcription factor
In molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence. The f ...
that binds with high specificity to
CCAAT motifs in the
promoter regions in a variety of genes. This gene product, subunit C, forms a tight dimer with the B subunit (
NFYB
Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NFYB'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is one subunit of a trimeric complex, forming a highly conserved transcription factor that bind ...
), a prerequisite for subunit A (
NFYA
Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NFYA'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is one subunit of a trimeric complex NF-Y, forming a highly conserved transcription factor th ...
) association. The resulting trimer binds to DNA with high specificity and affinity. Subunits B and C each contain a
histone
In biology, histones are highly basic proteins abundant in lysine and arginine residues that are found in eukaryotic cell nuclei. They act as spools around which DNA winds to create structural units called nucleosomes. Nucleosomes in turn a ...
-like motif. Observation of the histone nature of these subunits is supported by two types of evidence; protein sequence alignments and experiments with mutants. Additional regulation, preliminarily supported by the EST database, may be represented by alternative splicing in this subunit.
Two
microRNA
MicroRNA (miRNA) are small, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules containing 21 to 23 nucleotides. Found in plants, animals and some viruses, miRNAs are involved in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. mi ...
s; miR-30c and miR-30e are located within
intron
An intron is any Nucleic acid sequence, nucleotide sequence within a gene that is not expressed or operative in the final RNA product. The word ''intron'' is derived from the term ''intragenic region'', i.e. a region inside a gene."The notion of ...
s of the ''nfyc'' gene. These microRNAs are actively transcribed in human insulin-producing
beta cell
Beta cells (β-cells) are a type of cell found in pancreatic islets that synthesize and secrete insulin and amylin. Beta cells make up 50–70% of the cells in human islets. In patients with Type 1 diabetes, beta-cell mass and function are di ...
s in the
pancreatic islets that also show high expression of nfyc and
CDH1 genes. The expression of these intronic microRNAs is essential for maintaining the differentiated phenotype of human islet beta cells. Inhibition of miR-30 family microRNAs induces
epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human pancreatic islet cells.
Interactions
NFYC has been shown to
interact
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with
Myc
''Myc'' is a family of regulator genes and proto-oncogenes that code for transcription factors. The ''Myc'' family consists of three related human genes: ''c-myc'' (MYC), ''l-myc'' ( MYCL), and ''n-myc'' (MYCN). ''c-myc'' (also sometimes refe ...
.
References
Further reading
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External links
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Transcription factors
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