NATO reporting names

NATO reporting names are code names for military equipment from Russia, China, and historically, the Eastern Bloc (Soviet Union and other nations of the Warsaw Pact). They provide unambiguous and easily understood English words in a uniform manner in place of the original designations, which either may have been unknown to the Western world at the time or easily confused codes. For example, the Russian bomber jet Tupolev Tu-160 is simply called "Blackjack".

NATO maintains lists of the names. The assignment of the names for the Russian and Chinese aircraft was once managed by the five-nation Air Standardization Coordinating Committee (ASCC), but that is no longer the case.

American variations

The United States Department of Defense (DOD) expands on the NATO reporting names in some cases. NATO refers to surface-to-air missile systems mounted on ships or submarines with the same names as the corresponding land-based systems, but the US DoD assigns a different series of numbers with a different suffix (i.e., SA-N- vis-à-vis. SA-) for these systems. The names are kept the same as a convenience. Where there is no corresponding system, a new name is devised.

Soviet nicknames

The Soviet Union did not always assign official "popular names" to its aircraft, but unofficial nicknames were common as in any air force. Generally, Soviet pilots did not use the NATO names, preferring a different, Russian, nickname. An exception was that Soviet airmen appreciated the MiG-29's codename "Fulcrum", as an indication of its pivotal role in Soviet air defence. Zuyev, A. and Malcolm McConnell. ''Fulcrum: A Top Gun Pilot's Escape from the Soviet Empire''. Warner Books, 1993. .

Nomenclature

To reduce the risk of confusion, unusual or made-up names were allocated, the idea being that the names chosen would be unlikely to occur in normal conversation, and be easier to memorise. For fixed-wing aircraft, single-syllable words denoted piston-prop and turboprop, while multiple-syllable words denoted jets.
Bombers had names starting with the letter 'B' and names like "Badger" (Tupolev Tu-16), "Blackjack" ( Tupolev Tu-160) and "Bear" (Tupolev Tu-95) were used. "Frogfoot," the reporting name for the Sukhoi Su-25, references the aircraft's close air support role. Transports had names starting with 'C' (for "cargo"), which resulted in names like "Condor" for the Antonov An-124 or "Candid" for the Ilyushin Il-76.

Lists of NATO reporting names

Missiles

The initial letter of the name indicated the use of that equipment.

* A—air-to-air missiles, example AA-2 Atoll: List of NATO reporting names for air-to-air missiles
* K—air-to-surface missiles (from the Russian Kh designation), example AS-17 Krypton: List of NATO reporting names for air-to-surface missiles
* G—surface-to-air missiles, SAM (or Ground-to-air), including ship- and submarine-launched, example SA-2 Guideline: List of NATO reporting names for surface-to-air missiles
* S—surface-to-surface missiles,
**ship- and submarine-launched. Land-based missiles have the prefix SS-, for example the SS-1 Scud. Naval missiles receive the designation SS-N-, e.g. SS-N-2 Styx. Coastal defence missiles are assigned the prefix SS-C-, e.g. K-300P Bastion-P, SS-C-5 Stooge: List of NATO reporting names for surface-to-surface missiles
** List of NATO reporting names for anti-tank missiles, reporting named for anti-tank missiles include AT-5 Spandrel:

Aircraft

The first letter indicates the type of aircraft, like eg 'Bear' for a bomber aircraft refers to the Tupolev Tu-95, or 'Fulcrum' for the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29 fighter aircraft. For fixed-wing aircraft, one-syllable names are used for propeller aircraft and two-syllable name for aircraft with jet engines. This distinction is not made for helicopters.
* F—fighter aircraft, also later ground attack aircraft: List of AFIC reporting names for fighter aircraft
* B—bomber aircraft: List of NATO reporting names for bomber aircraft
* C—commercial aircraft and airliners, and cargo aircraft: List of NATO reporting names for transport aircraft
* H—helicopters: List of NATO reporting names for helicopters
* M— List of NATO reporting names for miscellaneous aircraft, miscellaneous names are used for Trainer (aircraft), trainers, Aerial reconnaissance, reconnaissance, seaplanes, Aerial refueling, tankers, Airborne early warning

Submarines

Before the 1980s, reporting names for submarines were taken from the NATO Spelling alphabet#ICAO Radiotelephone Spelling Alphabet, spelling alphabet. Modifications of existing designs were given descriptive terms, such as "Whiskey Long Bin". From the 1980s, new designs were given names derived from Russian words, such as "Akula-class submarine, Akula", or "shark". These names did not correspond to the Soviet names. Coincidentally, "Akula", which was assigned to an attack submarine by NATO, was the actual Soviet name for the ballistic missile submarine NATO named "Typhoon-class submarine, Typhoon-class". The NATO names for submarines of the People's Republic of China are taken from Dynasties in Chinese history, Chinese dynasties.
* List of NATO reporting names for submarines

Equipment

* List of NATO reporting names for equipment

Notes

References

External links

Designations of Soviet and Russian Military Aircraft and Missiles

Aerospace Web

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nato Reporting Name
Lists of NATO reporting names,
Naming conventions
Military aviation
Naval warfare
Code names