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''Myrmica'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...
of ant
Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera. Ants evolved from vespoid wasp ancestors in the Cretaceous period. More than 13,800 of an estimated total of ...
s within the subfamily Myrmicinae. It is widespread throughout the temperate regions of the Holarctic
The Holarctic realm is a biogeographic realm that comprises the majority of habitats found throughout the continents in the Northern Hemisphere. It corresponds to the floristic Boreal Kingdom. It includes both the Nearctic zoogeographical reg ...
and high mountains in Southeast Asia.
The genus consists of around 200 known species and additional subspecies, although this figure is likely to rise as soon as the Chinese and Nearctic
The Nearctic realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth's land surface.
The Nearctic realm covers most of North America, including Greenland, Central Florida, and the highlands of Mexico. The parts of North America ...
fauna lists are revised.
Inquilines
The genus contains a number ofinquiline
In zoology, an inquiline (from Latin ''inquilinus'', "lodger" or "tenant") is an animal that lives commensally in the nest, burrow, or dwelling place of an animal of another species. For example, some organisms such as insects may live in the h ...
species (commensal symbionts), other ''Myrmica'' species that manage to invade the nest of their host. Subsequently, they use hormones to manipulate the host colony in such a way that eggs of the host queen develop into workers, and parasite brood into sexuals. Hence, the parasite is not able to sustain a colony of its own, but uses host resources instead.
Similarly, larvae of the butterfly genus '' Maculinea'' (a junior synonym of ''Phengaris
''Phengaris'' is a genus of gossamer-winged butterflies in the subfamily Polyommatinae. Commonly, these butterflies are called large blues, which if referring to a particular species is '' P. arion'', a species resident in Europe and some parts o ...
'', family Lycaenidae
Lycaenidae is the second-largest family of butterflies (behind Nymphalidae, brush-footed butterflies), with over 6,000 species worldwide, whose members are also called gossamer-winged butterflies. They constitute about 30% of the known butterf ...
) and of the southern armyworm, live inside ''Myrmica'' nests where they are either directly fed by ants or prey upon ant brood. This parasitism is employed primarily by specific species such as '' Phengaris arion'' forming predatory relationships.
Species
*'' M. ademonia'' Bolton *'' M. afghanica'' Radchenko and Elmes *'' M. aimonissabaudiae'' Menozzi *'' M. alaskensis'' Wheeler *'' M. aldrichi'' *'' M. aloba'' Forel *'' M. americana'' Weber *'' M. anatolica'' Elmes Radchenko and Aktac *'' M. angulata'' Radchenko, A.G., Zhou. S., and Elmes, G.W. *'' M. angulinodis'' Ruzsky *'' M. arisana'' Wheeler *'' M. arnoldii'' Dlussky *'' M. atomaria'' Gerstaecker *'' M. basalis'' Smith *'' M. bergi'' Ruzsky *'' M. bessarabica'' Nasonov *'' M. bidens'' Förster *'' M. bibikoffi'' Kutter *'' M. boltoni'' Radchenko and Elmes *'' M. brancuccii'' Radchenko and Elmes *'' M. breviceps'' Smith, F. *'' M. brevinodis'' Emery *'' M. brevispinosa'' Wheeler *'' M. cachmiriensis'' Forel *'' M. cadusa'' Kim Park and Kim *'' M. cagnianti'' Espadaler *'' M. cariniceps'' Guérin-Méneville *'' M. caucasicola'' Arnol’di, *'' M. chinensis'' Viehmeyer *'' M. colax'' Cole *'' M. collingwoodi'' Radchenko and Elmes *'' M. commarginata'' Ruzsky *'' M. contigue'' Smith *'' M. cursor'' Smith, F. *'' M. curvithorax'' Bondroit *'' M. diluta'' Nylander *'' M. dimidiata'' Say *'' M. discontinua'' Weber *'' M. displicentia'' Bolton *'' M. divergens'' Karavaiev *'' M. domestica'' Shuckard *'' M. draco'' Radchenko, G.G., Zhou.S., Elmes, G.W. *'' M. dshungarica'' Ruzsky *'' M. eidmanni'' Menozzi *'' M. elmesi'' Bharti and Sharma *'' M. emeryana'' Cole *'' M. ereptrix'' Bolton *'' M. excelsa'' Kupyanskaya *'' M. exigua'' Buckley *'' M. faniensis'' Boven, 1970 *'' M. ferganensis'' Finzi *'' M. forcipata'' Karavaiev *'' M. foreliana'' Radchenko and Elmes *'' M. formosae'' Wheeler, W.M. *'' M. fortior'' Forel *'' M. fracticornis'' Forel *'' M. fragilis'' Smith *'' M. fuscula'' Nylander *'' M. galbula'' Losana *'' M. gallienii'' Bondroit *'' M. gigantea'' Collingwood *'' M. glaber'' Smith *'' M. glacialis'' Emery *'' M. glyciphila'' Smith *'' M. gracillima'' Smith *'' M. hamulata'' Weber *'' M. hecate'' Weber *'' M. hellenica'' Finzi *'' M. helleri'' Viehmeyer *'' M. hirsuta'' Elmes *'' M. hyungokae'' Elmes, G.W., Radchenkoo, A.G., and Kim, B. *'' M. incompleta'' Provancher *'' M. incurvata'' Collingwood *'' M. indica'' Weber *'' M. inezae'' Forel *'' M. jennyae'' Elmes, Radchenko, and Aktac *'' M. jessensis'' Forel *'' M. juglandeti'' Arnol'di *'' M. kabylica'' Cagniant *'' M. kamtschatica'' Kupyanskaya *'' M. karavajevi'' Arnol’di *'' M. kasczenkoi'' Ruzsky *'' M. kirghisorum'' Arnol’di *'' M. kollari'' Mayr *'' M. koreana'' Elmes, G.W., Radchenkoo, A.G., and Kim, B., 2001 *'' M. kotokui'' Forel *'' M. kozlovi'' Ruzsky *'' M. kryzhanovskii'' Arnol'di *'' M. kurokii'' Forel *'' M. lacustris'' Ruzsky *'' M. laevigata'' Smith *'' M. laevinodis'' Nylander, 1846 *'' M. laevissima'' Smith *'' M. lampra'' Francoeur *'' M. latifrons'' Starcke *'' M. laurae'' Emery *'' M. lemasnei'' Bernard *'' M. lobicornis'' Nylander *'' M. lobifrons'' Pergande *'' M. lonae'' Finzi *'' M. longiscapus'' Curtis *'' M. luctuosa'' Smith,F. *'' M. luteola'' Kupyanskaya *'' M. magniceps'' *'' M. margaritae'' Emery *'' M. martensi'' Radchenko and Elmes *'' M. mellea'' Smith *'' M. mexicana'' Wheeler, W.M. *'' M. microrubra'' Seifert *'' M. minkii'' Förster *'' M. minuta'' Ruzsky *'' M. mirabile'' Elmes & Radchenko *'' M. mirabilis'' Elmes & Radchenko *'' M. modesta'' Smith *'' M. molesta'' *'' M. molifaciens'' *'' M. monticola'' Creighton *'' M. myrmicoxena'' Forel *'' M. nearctica'' Weber *'' M. nitida'' Radchenko *'' M. ominosa'' Gerstaecker *'' M. ordinaria'' Radchenko *'' M. orthostyla'' Arnol’di *'' M. pachei'' Forel *'' M. parallela'' Smith *'' M. pellucida'' Smith *'' M. pelops'' Seifert *'' M. petita'' Radchenko *'' M. pinetorum'' Wheeler *'' M. pisarskii'' Radchenko *'' M. punctiventris'' Roger *'' M. quebecensis'' Francoeur *'' M. radchenkoi'' Bharti and Sharma *'' M. ravasinii'' Finzi *'' M. reticulata'' Smith *'' M. rhytida'' Radchenko *'' M. rigatoi'' Radchenko and Elmes *'' M. ritae'' Emery *'' M. rubra''Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
*'' M. ruginodis'' Nylander
*'' M. rugiventris'' Smith
*'' M. rugosa'' Mayr
*'' M. rugulosa'' Nylander
*'' M. rugulososcabrinodis'' Karawajew
*'' M. rupestris'' Forel
*'' M. sabuleti'' Meinert
*'' M. salina'' Ruzsky
*'' M. samnitica'' Mei
*'' M. saposhnikovi'' Ruzsky
*'' M. scabrinodis'' Nylander
*'' M. schencki'' Viereck
*'' M. seminigra'' Cresson
*'' M. serica'' Wheeler, W.M
*'' M. silvestrii'' Wheeler, W.M
*'' M. sinensis'' Radchenko, A.G., Zhou,S., and Elmes, G.W.
*'' M. sinica'' Wu and Wang
*'' M. smythiesii'' Forel
*'' M. spatulata'' Smith
*'' M. specioides'' Bondroit
*'' M. stangeana'' Ruzsky
*'' M. striatula'' Nylander
*'' M. striolagaster'' Cole
*'' M. sulcinodis'' Nylander
*'' M. suspiciosa'' Smith
*'' M. symbiotica'' Menozzi
*'' M. taediosa'' Bolton
*'' M. tahoensis'' Wheeler
*'' M. taibaiensis'' Wei, Zhou and Liu, 2001
*'' M. tamarae'' ElmesRadchenko and Aktac
*'' M. tenuispina'' Ruzsky
*'' M. tibetana'' Mayr
*'' M. titanica'' Radchenko
*'' M. transsibirica'' Radchenko
*'' M. trinodis'' Losana
*'' M. tschekanovskii'' Radchenko
*'' M. tulinae'' Elmes, Radchenko, and Aktac
*'' M. turcica'' Santschi
*'' M. unifasciata'' Bostock
*'' M. urbanii'' Radchenko
*'' M. vandeli'' Bondroit
*'' M. vastator'' Smith
*'' M. vexator'' Smith
*'' M. villosa'' Radchenko and Elmes
*'' M. vittata'' Radchenko and Elmes
*'' M. wardi'' Radchenko
*'' M. wesmaeli'' Bondroit
*'' M. wheeleri'' Weber
*'' M. whymperi'' Forel
*'' M. williamsi'' Radchenko
*'' M. winterae'' (Kutter, 1973)
*'' M. wittmeri'' Radchenko
*'' M. yamanei'' Radchenko
*'' M. yoshiokai'' Weber
*'' M. zojae'' Radchenko
Bibliography
* Latreille, P.A. 1804: Tableau méthodique des insectes. Classe huitième. Insectes, Insecta. Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle, 24: 129-200. * Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau. 1835: Histoire naturelle des insectes. Hyménoptères. I. Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris. 574 pp. * Roger. 1863: Verzeichniss der Formiciden-Gattungen und Arten. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 7(suppl.): 1-65. * Dours. 1873: Catalogue synonymique des Hyménoptères de France. Memoires de la Société Linneenne du Nord de la France, 3: 1-230. * Radchenko & Elmes. 1998: Taxonomic revision of the ritae species-group of the genus Myrmica (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Vestnik Zoologii, 32. * Radchenko & Elmes. 2001: A taxonomic revision of the ant genus Myrmica Latreille, 1804 from the Himalaya (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Entomologica Basiliensia, 23: 237-276. * Wei, Zhou & He. 2001: A taxonomic study of the genus Myrmica Latreille from China (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 26(4): 560-564. * Radchenko A.G. & G.W. Elmes. 2003: A taxonomic revision of the socially parasitic Myrmica ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Palaearctic region. Annales Zoologici, 53(2): 217-243. * Radchenko A.G., G.W. Elmes & A. Alicata. 2006: Taxonomic revision of the schencki-group of the ant genus Myrmica Latreille (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Palaearctic region. Annales Zoologici, 56(3): 499-538.References
External links
* {{Taxonbar, from=Q134468 Ant genera Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille