The Muradiye Complex ( tr, Muradiye Külliyesi) or the Complex of Sultan

Murad II Murad II ( ota, مراد ثانى, Murād-ı sānī, tr, II. Murad, 16 June 1404 – 3 February 1451) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1421 to 1444 and again from 1446 to 1451. Murad II's reign was a period of important economic deve ...

, the

Ottoman sultan The sultans of the Ottoman Empire ( tr, Osmanlı padişahları), who were all members of the Ottoman dynasty (House of Osman), ruled over the transcontinental empire from its perceived inception in 1299 to its dissolution in 1922. At its hei ...

(reigned 1421–1451, with interruption 1444–46), is located in

Bursa ( grc-gre, Προῦσα, Proûsa, Latin: Prusa, ota, بورسه, Arabic:بورصة) is a city in northwestern Turkey and the administrative center of Bursa Province. The fourth-most populous city in Turkey and second-most populous in the ...

, Turkey.

History

The mosque complex commissioned by Sultan Murad II in

contains twelve tombs (

türbe ''Türbe'' is the Turkish word for "tomb". In Istanbul it is often used to refer to the mausolea of the Ottoman sultans and other nobles and notables. The word is derived from the Arabic ''turbah'' (meaning ''"soil/ground/earth"''), which ...

), most belonging to relatives of this sultan.Overview in: Richard H. Turnbull, “The Muradiye Complex in Bursa and the Development of the Ottoman Funerary Tradition,” PhD dissertation, Institute of Fine Arts, New York University, 2004. Construction of the complex began after the completion of the Yeşil Mosque, which is in the eastern area of Bursa. A large earthquake in 1855 damaged much of the Muradiye complex, and restorations were completed in the late nineteenth century. A further restoration project was completed in 2015. The large complex is composed of the Muradiye

Mosque A mosque (; from ar, مَسْجِد, masjid, ; literally "place of ritual prostration"), also called masjid, is a place of prayer for Muslims. Mosques are usually covered buildings, but can be any place where prayers ( sujud) are performed, ...

, Muradiye

Madrasa Madrasa (, also , ; Arabic: مدرسة , pl. , ) is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, secular or religious (of any religion), whether for elementary instruction or higher learning. The word is variously transliterated '' ...

, Muradiye

Bath Bath may refer to: * Bathing, immersion in a fluid ** Bathtub, a large open container for water, in which a person may wash their body ** Public bathing, a public place where people bathe * Thermae, ancient Roman public bathing facilities Pl ...

, Muradiye

Hospice Hospice care is a type of health care that focuses on the palliation of a terminally ill patient's pain and symptoms and attending to their emotional and spiritual needs at the end of life. Hospice care prioritizes comfort and quality of life b ...

, a fountain, epitaphs, Sultan

's tomb, Şehzade Ahmed's tomb,

Cem Sultan Cem Sultan (also spelled Djem or Jem) or Sultan Cem or Şehzade Cem (December 22, 1459 – February 25, 1495, ; ota, جم سلطان, Cem sulṭān; tr, Cem Sultan; french: Zizim), was a claimant to the Ottoman throne in the 15th century. Ce ...

's tomb, Şehzade Mahmud's tomb, Şehzade Osman's tomb,

Şehzade Mustafa Şehzade Mustafa (Ottoman Turkish: شهزاده مصطفى; 6 August 1515 – 6 October 1553) was an Ottoman prince and the son of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent and his consort Mahidevran Sultan. He was the prince-governor of Manisa from 15 ...

's tomb, Mahidevran Hatun's tomb, Şehzade Mehmed's tomb, Gülşah Hatun's tomb, Ebe Hatun's tomb,

Hüma Hatun Hüma Hatun ( ota, هما خاتون, 1410 ‒ September 1449) was the fourth wife of Ottoman Sultan Murad II and mother of Mehmed II. Life Although, some Turkish sources claim that she was of Turkish origin, Hüma Hatun was a slave girl, wh ...

's tomb, Sittişah Hatun's tomb, the Saraylilar's tomb, and Şirin Hatun's tomb. The

was the first project in the complex, completed in 1426. The mosque is built in a simplified inverse T plan with a domed

portico A portico is a porch leading to the entrance of a building, or extended as a colonnade, with a roof structure over a walkway, supported by columns or enclosed by walls. This idea was widely used in ancient Greece and has influenced many cul ...

in front, constructed of brick and with four major domes. Hexagonal tiles in turquoise and dark blue decorate the interior. There are two

minaret A minaret (; ar, منارة, translit=manāra, or ar, مِئْذَنة, translit=miʾḏana, links=no; tr, minare; fa, گل‌دسته, translit=goldaste) is a type of tower typically built into or adjacent to mosques. Minarets are generall ...

s, one that is old and one that is new due to collapse from the 19th century earthquake and was rebuilt in 1904. A fire damaged the mosque in the early 18th century, and so the mihrab was also rebuilt, in the

rococo Rococo (, also ), less commonly Roccoco or Late Baroque, is an exceptionally ornamental and theatrical style of architecture, art and decoration which combines asymmetry, scrolling curves, gilding, white and pastel colours, sculpted moulding, ...

style. The

madrasa Madrasa (, also , ; Arabic: مدرسة , pl. , ) is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, secular or religious (of any religion), whether for elementary instruction or higher learning. The word is variously transliterated '' ...

is located to the west of the mosque. It is composed of a central courtyard surrounded by student rooms and a classroom to the back, covered by a dome. The exterior is brick and stone. The madrasa itself does not have a construction inscription due to numerous restorations. The inscription on the mosque says the madrasa was also constructed in 1426 by Murad II. Dark blue and turquoise tiles decorate the interior, while brick decorates the exterior entrance. Sources conflict on the date of construction for the tomb of

, either before his death in 1451, or after commissioned by his son

Mehmed II Mehmed II ( ota, محمد ثانى, translit=Meḥmed-i s̱ānī; tr, II. Mehmed, ; 30 March 14323 May 1481), commonly known as Mehmed the Conqueror ( ota, ابو الفتح, Ebū'l-fetḥ, lit=the Father of Conquest, links=no; tr, Fâtih Su ...

in accordance with Murad II's will. The building is constructed of brick and stone, in a square plan topped with a dome that is left open at the top. A vaulted gallery surrounds the dome, resting on

Byzantine The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...

capitals. A large impressive wooden canopy over the entrance is carved in relief and embellished in star patterns. An annex contains four additional tombs, identified as those of Aladdin Ali (whom the annex is named after, “Mausoleum of Alaaddin”), Şehzade Ahmet,Albert Gabriel, ''Une capitale turque: Brousse, Bursa''. 2 vols., Paris: E. de Boccard, 1958, vol. 1, 118 Orhan and Şehzade Hatun. The remaining eleven tombs belong to the rest of the sultan's family to the south of the mosque and the madrasa. They are decorated with polychrome glazed tiles mostly in blue, except for the tombs of

and Mahidevran Hatun which is decorated in painted Iznik tiles from the 16th century in the

polychrome Polychrome is the "practice of decorating architectural elements, sculpture, etc., in a variety of colors." The term is used to refer to certain styles of architecture, pottery or sculpture in multiple colors. Ancient Egypt Colossal statu ...

technique. In the 1950s the madrasa became a tuberculosis clinic and it now houses a medical centre.

Gallery

File:Cem Sultan tomb 7951.jpg, Front of Cem Sultan tomb File:Cem Sultan tomb 7954.jpg, Interior Cem Sultan tomb File:Cem Sultan tomb 7965.jpg, Interior Cem Sultan tomb File:Cem Sultan Turbesi 9714.jpg, Interior Cem Sultan tomb File:Gulshah Hatun tomb 5978.jpg, Entrance to Gülşah Hatun tomb File:Gulshah Hatun tomb 8023.jpg, Interior Gülşah Hatun tomb File:Huma Hatun tomb 7893.jpg, Hüma Hatun tomb interior File:Huma Hatun tomb 7984.jpg, Hüma Hatun tomb decoration File:Mukrime Hatun tomb 7980.jpg, Mükrime Hatun tomb top side mihrab File:Mukrime Hatun tomb 8021.jpg, Mükrime Hatun tomb interior File:Mukrime Hatun tomb 8028.jpg, Mükrime Hatun tomb exterior File:Murad II Turbesi 9704.jpg, Entrance Murad II tomb File:Muradiye Mosque 8041.jpg, Muradiye Mosque exterior File:Muradiye Mosque 9755.jpg, Muradiye Mosque interior File:Murat II tomb 7947.jpg, Mausoleum Sultan Alaaddin c.s. at Murad II tomb File:Murat II tomb 7948.jpg, The grave of Murad II File:Sehzade Mahmut tomb 8019.jpg, Şehzade Mahmud tomb interior File:Sehzade Mahmut tomb 8030.jpg, Şehzade Mahmud tomb exterior File:Saraylar Tomb 7899.jpg, Saraylar Tomb view File:Shezade Ahmet tomb 7873.jpg, Şehzade Ahmed tomb exterior File:Shezade Ahmet tomb 7936.jpg, Şehzade Ahmed tomb interior (detail of decoratrion above mihrab) File:Shezade Ahmet tomb 8005.jpg, Şehzade Ahmed tomb interior File:Shezade Mahmut tomb 7976.jpg, Şehzade Mahmud tomb decoration File:Shezade Mustafa tomb 5995.jpg, Şehzade Mustafa tomb Exterior File:Shezade Mustafa tomb 7991.jpg, Şehzade Mustafa tomb decoration File:Shezade Mustafa tomb 7992.jpg, Şehzade Mustafa tomb decoration File:Shirin Hatun tomb 8014.jpg, Şirin Hatun tomb interior File:Shirin Hatun tomb 8035.jpg, Şirin Hatun tomb interior

References

External links

*"Muradiye Complex." Publications of Bursa Governorship. 2004.
Pictures of the complex in detailMuradiye Complex, Bursa, Archnet
{{Ottoman architecture 15th century in the Ottoman Empire Buildings and structures of the Ottoman Empire Mosque buildings with domes Monuments and memorials in Turkey Mosques in Bursa Ottoman mosques in Bursa 15th-century mosques

History

Gallery

See also

References

External links