History
The communities in Crowsnest Pass owe their existence to coal mining. The first coal mine in the area opened in 1900. Its ethnic and cultural diversity comes from the many European and other immigrants attracted to the area by the mines. Through the years, coal mining suffered from fluctuating coal prices, bitter strikes, and underground accidents. All the mines on the Alberta side of the pass closed throughout the 20th century as cheaper with the opening of safer open-pit mines on the British Columbia side of the pass. An operating coal mine just across the British Columbia boundary in Sparwood, British Columbia, Sparwood continues to provide employment for residents living in the Municipality of Crowsnest Pass. Crowsnest Pass is known for tragedy. In 1903, the tip of Turtle Mountain broke loose and decimated part of the Village of Frank. The event was heralded as Frank Slide, the Frank Slide). In 1914, the Hillcrest mine disaster occurred near Hillcrest, killing 189 people. Spring floods occurred in 1923 and 1942. Periodic forest fires have swept the valley, including one in the summer of 2003 that threatened the entire municipality. The area was a centre for "rum-running" during prohibition, from 1916 to 1923, when liquor was illegally brought across the provincial boundary from British Columbia. The legacy is celebrated at the restored Alberta Provincial Police Barracks, which is now an interpretive centre. On November 3, 1978, the Government of Alberta passed the ''Crowsnest Pass Municipal Unification Act'', which led to the formal Merger (politics), amalgamation of Bellevue, Blairmore, Coleman, Frank, and Improvement District (ID) No. 5 on January 1, 1979. The new municipality was granted List of towns in Alberta, town status and named the ''Municipality of Crowsnest Pass''. A review of the amalgamation in 1983 concluded that the unification led to improved municipal services and housing within the new municipality. In the mid-1990s, the adjacent ID No. 6 was carved up with portions going to the MD of Pincher Creek No. 9 on December 31, 1994, the MD of Ranchland No. 66 on January 1, 1995, and ID No. 40 on December 31, 1995. Crowsnest Pass then amalgamated with the remainder of ID No. 6 on January 1, 1996, while ID No. 40 was absorbed by the MD of Pincher Creek No. 9 on the same date. The amalgamated municipality retained the name ''Municipality of Crowsnest Pass'' and its town status. It subsequently became a specialized municipality on January 16, 2008. The purpose of the status change was to enable membership in the Alberta Association of Municipal Districts and Counties for increased alignment with its neighbouring rural municipalities.Geography
The Municipality of Crowsnest Pass is in the southwest portion of the province of Alberta. It borders the province of British Columbia to the west, the Municipal District of Ranchland No. 66, Municipal District (MD) of Ranchland No. 66 to the north, and the Municipal District of Pincher Creek No. 9, MD of Pincher Creek No. 9 to the east and south. The Crowsnest River, which originates from Crowsnest Lake (Alberta), Crowsnest Lake, meanders eastward through the municipality. Parts of the Rocky Mountains Forest Reserve are in the northwest and southern portions of the municipality.Communities and localities
Demographics
In the 2021 Canadian census, 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Municipality of Crowsnest Pass had a population of 5,695 living in 2,759 of its 3,403 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 5,589. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021. In the Canada 2016 Census, 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Municipality of Crowsnest Pass had a population of 5,589 living in 2,567 of its 3,225 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2011 population of 5,565. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016.Attractions
The Municipality of Crowsnest Pass is home to parts of the Castle Provincial Park in the southeast and the Castle Wildland Provincial Park in the southwest. Within the Municipality of Crowsnest Pass, one can find the Frank Slide Interpretive Centre (Provincial Historic Site), an interpretive display at Leitch Collieries (Provincial Historic Site) near the former Passburg, Alberta, Passburg townsite, underground tours of the Bellevue Mine (Provincial Historic Resource), interpretive signs at the Hillcrest Cemetery (Provincial Historic Resource) and both the Crowsnest Museum and Alberta Provincial Police Barracks interpretive centre within Coleman National Historic Site. Pamphlets for self-guided historical walking and driving tours are available throughout the municipality. The area offers hiking, fishing and mountain-biking in the summer, and in winter snowmobiling, a downhill ski hill (Pass PowderKeg), and a groomed cross-country ski area, and is about from major ski hills at both Fernie Alpine Resort and Castle Mountain Resort.Trivia
*Blairmore elected Canada's first Communist town council under mayor Bill Knight during the Great Depression. *Crowsnest Pass was the site of a Bellevue, Alberta#Bellevue Café shootout, train robbery in 1920. *Alberta's first female mayor, Clemence Jepson (1914-2010), was elected in Bellevue in November 1963. *The gravy recipe for Colonel Sanders' Kentucky Fried Chicken was developed here.''Crowsnest And Its People'', Crowsnest Pass Historical Society, 1979 *The frontier town in Walt Disney Pictures, Disney's 1985 film ''The Journey of Natty Gann'' was shot here.See also
*Lille, Alberta, a nearby ghost town *List of communities in Alberta *List of specialized municipalities in AlbertaReferences
Further reading
External links
* {{Canadian Rockies 1979 establishments in Alberta Crowsnest Pass, Alberta, Populated places established in 1979 Specialized municipalities in Alberta