Muhib Efendi was an

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

ambassador to the court of

Napoleon I Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), ma ...

in the early 19th century, between 1806 and 1811. In February 1806, following Napoleon's remarkable victory in the

Battle of Austerlitz The Battle of Austerlitz (2 December 1805/11 Frimaire An XIV FRC), also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors, was one of the most important and decisive engagements of the Napoleonic Wars. The battle occurred near the town of Austerlitz i ...

in December 1805 and the ensuing

dismemberment Dismemberment is the act of cutting, ripping, tearing, pulling, wrenching or otherwise disconnecting the limbs from a living or dead being. It has been practiced upon human beings as a form of capital punishment, especially in connection with ...

of the

Habsburg Empire The Habsburg monarchy (german: Habsburgermonarchie, ), also known as the Danubian monarchy (german: Donaumonarchie, ), or Habsburg Empire (german: Habsburgerreich, ), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities ...

, the Ottoman Emperor Selim III refused to ratify the Russian and British alliances, and instead recognized Napoleon as Emperor, formally opting for an alliance with France ''"our sincere and natural ally"'', and war with Russia and England. Muhib Efendi was sent to Paris as ambassador (1806–1811),''Ottoman wars 1700–1870'' by Virginia H. Aksan, p.242
/ref> thus succeeding to

Halet Efendi Mehmet Sait Halet Efendi (1761–1822) was an Ottoman diplomat and politician, ambassador to Paris from 1803 to 1806Mongan, p. 102–103. and later the favourite and Inner Minister of the sultan Mahmud II. He was ambassador to the court of N ...

in this role. The presence of Muhib Efendi in Paris coincided with that of the Persian ambassador Askar Khan Afshar, who was in Paris from July 1808 to April 1810. Selim III's decisions in favour of France triggered the 1806

Russo-Turkish War The Russo-Turkish wars (or Ottoman–Russian wars) were a series of twelve wars fought between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire between the 16th and 20th centuries. It was one of the longest series of military conflicts in European histo ...

and the 1807 Anglo-Turkish War.

Notes

References

*Inari Karsh, ''Empires of the Sand: The Struggle for Mastery in the Middle East, 1789–1923'' Harvard University Press, 2001 Ambassadors of the Ottoman Empire to France 19th-century people from the Ottoman Empire 19th-century diplomats {{Turkey-politician-stub