, with its highest peak
Mount Kami (1,438 meters), is a
complex volcano
A complex volcano, also called a compound volcano or a volcanic complex, is a mixed landform consisting of related volcanic centers and their associated lava flows and pyroclastic rock. They may form due to changes in eruptive habit or in t ...
in
Kanagawa Prefecture
is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Kanagawa Prefecture is the second-most populous prefecture of Japan at 9,221,129 (1 April 2022) and third-densest at . Its geographic area of makes it fifth-smallest. Kanag ...
,
Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the n ...
that is truncated by two overlapping
caldera
A caldera ( ) is a large cauldron-like hollow that forms shortly after the emptying of a magma chamber in a volcano eruption. When large volumes of magma are erupted over a short time, structural support for the rock above the magma chamber is ...
s, the largest of which is 10 × 11 km wide. The calderas were formed as a result of two major explosive eruptions about 180,000 and 49,000–60,000 years ago.
Lake Ashi
, also referred to as Hakone Lake or Ashinoko Lake, is a scenic lake in the Hakone area of Kanagawa Prefecture in Honshū, Japan. It is a crater lake that lies along the southwest wall of the caldera of Mount Hakone, a complex volcano that la ...
() lies between the southwestern caldera wall and a half dozen post-caldera
lava dome
In volcanology, a lava dome is a circular mound-shaped protrusion resulting from the slow extrusion of viscous lava from a volcano. Dome-building eruptions are common, particularly in convergent plate boundary settings. Around 6% of eruptions ...
s that arose along a southwest–northeastern trend cutting through the center of the calderas. Dome growth occurred progressively to the south, and the largest and youngest of them,
Mount Kami, forms the high point of Hakone. The calderas are breached to the east by the
Haya River canyon.
Mount Ashigara
Mount Ashigara (足柄山), also known as Mount Kintoki (金時山), is the northernmost peak of the Hakone caldera, on the border of Kanagawa and Shizuoka prefectures, in the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park in Japan. Ashigara is not a remnant of ...
is a
parasitic cone.
The latest magmatic eruptive activity at Hakone occurred 2,900 years ago. It produced a
pyroclastic flow
A pyroclastic flow (also known as a pyroclastic density current or a pyroclastic cloud) is a fast-moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter (collectively known as tephra) that flows along the ground away from a volcano at average speeds of b ...
and a
lava dome
In volcanology, a lava dome is a circular mound-shaped protrusion resulting from the slow extrusion of viscous lava from a volcano. Dome-building eruptions are common, particularly in convergent plate boundary settings. Around 6% of eruptions ...
in the explosion crater, although
phreatic eruption
A phreatic eruption, also called a phreatic explosion, ultravulcanian eruption or steam-blast eruption, occurs when magma heats ground water or surface water. The extreme temperature of the magma (anywhere from ) causes near-instantaneous evap ...
s took place as recently as the 12–13th centuries AD.
According to the nearby
Hakone Shrine, the Komagatake peak has been the object of religious veneration since ancient times.
Gallery
File:Hakone_Volcano_3D_2013.jpg, Topographic map
File:Hakone Volcano 20121110.jpg, The central cones of Mount Hakone: Mounts Kami
are the deities, divinities, spirits, phenomena or "holy powers", that are venerated in the Shinto religion. They can be elements of the landscape, forces of nature, or beings and the qualities that these beings express; they can also be the sp ...
, Kanmuri, Koma, Futago, etc.
File:Lake Ashi from Mt.Komagatake 02.jpg, Lake Ashi viewed from the central cone of Mt. Komagatake's lava dome.
See also
*
List of volcanoes in Japan
This is a list of active and extinct volcanoes in Japan. An Orange background indicates a volcano considered active by the Japan Meteorological Agency.
Hokkaido
Honshū
Izu Islands
Ogasawara Archipelago
The Ogasawara Archipelag ...
*
List of mountains in Japan
The following is a list of the mountains and hills of Japan, ordered by height.
Mountains over 1000 meters
Mountains under 1000 meters
As the generally accepted definition of a mountain (versus a hill) is 1000 m of height and 500 m of pro ...
*
History of Mount Hakone
References
External links
Hakoneyama- Japan Meteorological Agency
* - Japan Meteorological Agency
- Geological Survey of Japan
Hakoneyama: Global Volcanism Program- Smithsonian Institution
Hakone Geopark
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hakone, Mount
Calderas of Honshū
Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc
Complex volcanoes
Manazuru, Kanagawa
Volcanoes of Kanagawa Prefecture
Pleistocene calderas