Mordehai "Moti" Milgrom is an Israeli
physicist
A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe.
Physicists generally are interested in the root or ultimate cau ...
and
professor
Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an academic rank at universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, ''professor'' derives from Latin as a "person who professes". Professors ...
in the department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics at the
Weizmann Institute in
Rehovot, Israel.
Biography
He received his B.Sc. degree from the
Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1966. Later he studied at the Weizmann Institute of Science and completed his doctorate in 1972. In 1981, he proposed
Modified Newtonian dynamics
Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) is a hypothesis that proposes a modification of Newton's law of universal gravitation to account for observed properties of galaxies. It is an alternative to the hypothesis of dark matter in terms of explaining ...
(MOND) as an alternative to the
dark matter
Dark matter is a hypothetical form of matter thought to account for approximately 85% of the matter in the universe. Dark matter is called "dark" because it does not appear to interact with the electromagnetic field, which means it does not a ...
and
galaxy rotation curve problems. Milgrom suggests that
Newton's Second Law
Newton's laws of motion are three basic laws of classical mechanics that describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting on it. These laws can be paraphrased as follows:
# A body remains at rest, or in moti ...
be modified for very small accelerations. In the academic years 1980–1981 and 1985–1986 he was at the
Institute for Advanced Study
The Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), located in Princeton, New Jersey, in the United States, is an independent center for theoretical research and intellectual inquiry. It has served as the academic home of internationally preeminent schola ...
in
Princeton
Princeton University is a private research university in Princeton, New Jersey. Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey, Princeton is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the ni ...
. Before 1980 he worked primarily on high-energy astrophysics and became well-known for his kinematical model of the star system
SS 433.
[ page 5 o]
arXiv.org preprint
/ref>
Recent findings
In 2022, a study about an astronomical observation was published that might provide evidence of MOND. Specifically, there is an uneven distribution of stars that shows no indication that any dark matter was involved in causing it.
Personal life
Milgrom is married and has three daughters.
See also
* Cosmic ray
Cosmic rays are high-energy particles or clusters of particles (primarily represented by protons or atomic nuclei) that move through space at nearly the speed of light. They originate from the Sun, from outside of the Solar System in our own ...
s
* Gamma-ray burst
In gamma-ray astronomy, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are immensely energetic explosions that have been observed in distant galaxies. They are the most energetic and luminous electromagnetic events since the Big Bang. Bursts can last from ten millise ...
* Gamma ray
A gamma ray, also known as gamma radiation (symbol γ or \gamma), is a penetrating form of electromagnetic radiation arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei. It consists of the shortest wavelength electromagnetic waves, typically ...
and x-ray
An X-ray, or, much less commonly, X-radiation, is a penetrating form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation. Most X-rays have a wavelength ranging from 10 picometers to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30&nb ...
sources.
References
Further reading
*
*
*
External links
MOND - A Pedagogical Review - M. Milgrom, 2001M. Milgrom
@ Astrophysics Data System
The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) is an online database of over 16 million astronomy and physics papers from both peer reviewed and non-peer reviewed sources. Abstracts are available free online for almost all articles, and full scanned ...
*
1946 births
Living people
Israeli physicists
Israeli astrophysicists
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
Weizmann Institute of Science alumni
Weizmann Institute of Science faculty
Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars
Jewish physicists
Cosmic ray physicists
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