Moravská Třebová (; german: Mährisch Trübau) is a town in

Svitavy District Svitavy District ( cs, okres Svitavy) is a district (''okres'') within Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. Its capital is the town of Svitavy. As a part of Pardubice Region the district has borders with Ústí nad Orlicí District to the nor ...

in the

Pardubice Region Pardubice Region ( cs, Pardubický kraj; , ; pl, Kraj pardubicki) is an administrative unit ( cs, kraj) of the Czech Republic, located mainly in the eastern part of its historical region of Bohemia, with a small part in northwestern Moravia. It ...

of the

Czech Republic The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...

. It has about 9,700 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument reservation.

Administrative parts

Moravská Třebová is made up of town parts of Město and Předměstí, and villages of Boršov, Sušice and Udánky.

Geography

Moravská Třebová is located about east of Svitavy and north of Brno. It lies mostly in the Podorlická Uplands. The westernmost part of the municipal territory extends into the

Svitavy Uplands The Svitavy Uplands or Svitavy Hills ( cs, Svitavská pahorkatina) are highland, uplands and a Geomorphological division of the Czech Republic, geomorphological mesoregion of the Czech Republic. It is located in the Pardubice Region and it belongs ...

and includes the Rohová National Nature Reserve. In the nature reserve is located the highest point of Moravská Třebová, the hill Roh at above sea level. The town is situated on the Třebůvka River, which feeds the Moravská Třebová Pond on the southern outskirts of the town.

History

Moravská Třebová was founded around 1257 by Boreš of Rýzmburk as a typical colonization town. The greatest boom occurred during the rule of the Lords of Boskovice and Ladislav Velen of

Zierotin The House of Žerotín or House of Zierotin was a Czech noble family in the Lands of the Bohemian Crown, one of the oldest and most illustrious noble families from Bohemia and Moravia. The family was first mentioned around the year 1200 as ''B ...

between 1486 and 1622, when the town was the centre of humanistic scholarship and earned the nickname "Moravian Athens". In 1840 and 1844, the town was severely damaged by fires, which destroyed part of the castle and Renaissance façades of the houses. Since its foundation it was part of the

Kingdom of Bohemia The Kingdom of Bohemia ( cs, České království),; la, link=no, Regnum Bohemiae sometimes in English literature referred to as the Czech Kingdom, was a medieval and early modern monarchy in Central Europe, the predecessor of the modern Czec ...

. In 1469 it passed under Hungarian rule, and in 1490 it returned to Bohemia. From 1804, along with Bohemia, it was ruled by the

Austrian Empire The Austrian Empire (german: link=no, Kaiserthum Oesterreich, modern spelling , ) was a Central-Eastern European multinational great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs. During its existence ...

, and after the

compromise of 1867 The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (german: Ausgleich, hu, Kiegyezés) established the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary. The Compromise only partially re-established the former pre-1848 sovereignty and status of the Kingdom of Hungary ...

it was part of the Austrian portion of

Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...

, within which it was the seat of the district with the same name, one of the 34 ''Bezirkshauptmannschaften'' in

Moravia Moravia ( , also , ; cs, Morava ; german: link=yes, Mähren ; pl, Morawy ; szl, Morawa; la, Moravia) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic and one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia. The m ...

. Following

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

, from 1918, it formed part of newly independent

Czechoslovakia , rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי, , common_name = Czechoslovakia , life_span = 1918–19391945–1992 , p1 = Austria-Hungary , image_p1 ...

. Moravská Třebová was located in the largest German linguistic enclave within Bohemia and Moravia. Until the expulsion of the Germans in 1945 according to the Beneš decrees and Potsdam Agreement, it was mainly inhabited by German-speaking population. During the

German occupation German-occupied Europe refers to the sovereign countries of Europe which were wholly or partly occupied and civil-occupied (including puppet governments) by the military forces and the government of Nazi Germany at various times between 1939 an ...

(

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...

), the occupiers operated the E391 forced labour subcamp of the Stalag VIII-B/344

prisoner-of-war camp A prisoner-of-war camp (often abbreviated as POW camp) is a site for the containment of enemy fighters captured by a belligerent power in time of war. There are significant differences among POW camps, internment camps, and military prisons. ...

in the town. The town was largely shaped by the textile industry. However, most factories eventually went bankrupt. Between 1850 and 1960, Moravská Třebová has been a district town.

Demographics

Sights

The main landmark is the Moravská Třebová Castle. The original castle from the 13th century was reconstructed in the early Renaissance style in the late 15th century. In 1611–1618 it was expanded with an arcade wing. The castle is one of the oldest Renaissance monument in the country. The historic town centre is formed by the regular rectangular T. G. Masaryka Square and adjacent streets. On the square is the plague column built in 1719–1720. The landmark of the square is the town hall. It is a late Gothic building from around 1520, reconstructed in the Renaissance style around 1560. The square includes series of Gothic and Renaissance burgher houses. The town fortifications were built in the early 16th century. Nowadays, only fragments of the walls and three bastions are preserved. The Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary was a Gothic building from the 13th century. It was reconstructed in the Baroque style after the fire in 1726. it was a cemetery church until 1500, when the cemetery was relocated to the newly built Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross on the Křížový vrch Hill.

Notable people

* Carl Giskra (1820–1879), Austrian politician *

Walther Hensel Walther Hensel (born Julius Janiczek; 8 September 1887 − 5 September 1956) was a German musicologist, music educator, who dedicated himself above all to the research and cultivation of folk songs. Life and achievements Born in Moravská Třeb ...

(1887–1956), music researcher * Magda B. Arnold (1903–2002), psychologist *

Friedrich Lang Fregattenleutnant (Frigate Lieutenant) Friedrich Lang was a World War I flying ace. He emerged from obscurity to begin his military career in 1912 by training for sea duty. He was serving on SMS Balaton when World War I began. In March 1916, he tr ...

(1915–2003), Luftwaffe pilot *

Gert Wilden Gert Wilden (born Gert Wychodil; 15 April 1917 – 10 September 2015) was a German film composer. He was born in Mährisch Trübau. From 1956 through his retirement, he scored music for 50 feature films in numerous genres. However, he is perhaps ...

(1917–2015), composer and conductor * Jaroslava Maxová (born 1957), opera singer and vocal coach *

Marcel Kolaja Marcel Kolaja (born 29 June 1980 in Moravská Třebová) is a Czech software engineer, Internet freedom and digital rights activist and a Czech Pirate Party politician who serves as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since the 2019 elect ...

(born 1980), politician *

Roman Kreuziger Roman Kreuziger (; born 6 May 1986) is a Czech former professional road bicycle racer, who last rode for UCI ProTeam . His father, Roman Kreuziger Sr., was also a bicycle racer who won the Tour of Austria in 1991 and the Cyclocross Junior Wor ...

(born 1986), road cyclist *

Leopold König Leopold König (born 15 November 1987) is a Czech former professional road cyclist, who rode professionally between 2006 and 2019 for the , , and teams. Since retiring, he has acted as the race director for the Czech Cycling Tour and the Cours ...

(born 1987), road cyclist

Twin towns – sister cities

Moravská Třebová is twinned with: * Banská Štiavnica, Slovakia * Staufenberg, Germany *

Vlaardingen Vlaardingen () is a city in South Holland in the Netherlands. It is located on the north bank of the Nieuwe Maas river at the confluence with the Oude Maas. The municipality administers an area of , of which is land, with residents in . Geog ...

, Netherlands

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Moravska Trebova Cities and towns in the Czech Republic Populated places in Svitavy District Populated places established in the 1250s