''Monacha'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...
of air-breathing
land snails,
terrestrial
Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth.
Terrestrial may also refer to:
* Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on or near the ground, as opposed to ...
pulmonate gastropod mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...
s in the subfamily
Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family
Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.
[MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Monacha Fitzinger, 1833. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=426406 on 2021-08-12]
Distribution
The distribution of the genus ''Monacha'' includes western Europe, Central Europe, Mediterranean, Asia minor and
Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...
(more than 50 species of ''Monacha''),
Georgia
Georgia most commonly refers to:
* Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia
* Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States
Georgia may also refer to:
Places
Historical states and entities
* Related to the ...
, Russia, Arabia,
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
, Azerbaijan (1 species).
It is not in Armenia.
The greatest diversity of species is in the
Pontic
Pontic, from the Greek ''pontos'' (, ), or "sea", may refer to:
The Black Sea Places
* The Pontic colonies, on its northern shores
* Pontus (region), a region on its southern shores
* The Pontic–Caspian steppe, steppelands stretching from no ...
region.
Species
Species within the genus ''Monacha'' include:
[Hausdorf B. (2000). "The genus ''Monacha'' in the Western Caucasus (Gastropoda: Hygromiidae)". '' Journal of Natural History'' 34(8): 1575-1594]
PDF
. .
* ''
Monacha albocincta''
(P. Hesse, 1912)
* ''
Monacha aniliensis''
P. L. Reischütz & Sattmann, 1990
* ''
Monacha ascania
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mo ...
''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha atacis
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mo ...
''
E. Gittenberger & de Winter, 1985
* ''
Monacha auturica''
Falkner, 2000
* ''
Monacha badia''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha bithynica
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mo ...
''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha cantiana
''Monacha cantiana'', common name the "Kentish snail" or "Kentish garden snail", is a species of medium-sized air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.
Dist ...
''
(Montagu, 1803)
* ''
Monacha carascaloides
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mo ...
''
(Bourguignat, 1855)
* ''
Monacha carinata
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mo ...
''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha cartusiana
''Monacha cartusiana'' is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.Helix cartusiana var. depressa Caziot, 1909 (invalid; preoccupied)
Mon ...
''
(Müller, 1774) - type species
* ''
Monacha cemenelea
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mo ...
''
(Risso, 1826)
* ''
Monacha ciscaucasica
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mo ...
''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha claussi
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mo ...
''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha claustralis
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mo ...
''
(Menke, 1828)
* ''
Monacha comata
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mo ...
''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha compingtae
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mo ...
''
(Pallary, 1929)
* ''
Monacha consona''
(Rossmässler, 1839)
* ''
Monacha crenophila''
(L. Pfeiffer, 1857)
* ''
Monacha cretica''
Hausdorf, 2003
* ''
Monacha crispulata''
(Mousson, 1861)
* ''
Monacha densecostulata''
(Retowski, 1886)
* ''
Monacha depressior''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha devrekensis''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha dirphica''
(E. von Martens, 1876)
* ''
Monacha dofleini''
(P. Hesse, 1928)
* ''
Monacha elatior''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha eliae''
(Nägele, 1906)
* ''
Monacha emigrata''
(Westerlund, 1894)
* ''
Monacha euboeica''
(Kobelt, 1877)
* ''
Monacha frequens''
(Mousson, 1859)
* ''
Monacha fruticola''
(Krynicki, 1833)
* ''
Monacha galatica''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha gemina''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha georgievi'' (Pall-Gergely, 2010)
* ''
Monacha glareosa''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha gregaria''
(Rossmässler, 1839)
* ''
Monacha hamsikoeyensis''
(Hudec, 1973)
* ''
Monacha haussknechti''
(O. Boettger, 1886)
* ''
Monacha hemitricha''
(P. Hesse, 1914)
* ''
Monacha heteromorpha''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha ignorata''
(O. Boettger, 1905)
* ''
Monacha kuznetsovi''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha lamalouensis''
(Reynès, 1870)
* ''
Monacha laxa''
(Hudec, 1973)
* ''
Monacha leucozona''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha liebegottae
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mo ...
''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha maasseni
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mo ...
''
Hausdorf, 2003
* ''
Monacha magna''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha margarita''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha martensiana''
(Tiberi, 1869)
* ''
Monacha melitensis''
(P. Hesse, 1915)
* ''
Monacha menkhorsti''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha merssinae''
(Mousson, 1874)
* ''
Monacha microtricha''
S. H. F. Jaeckel, 1954
* ''
Monacha nordsiecki''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha obstructa''
(L. Pfeiffer, 1842)
* ''
Monacha ocellata''
(Roth, 1839)
* ''
Monacha oecali''
Hausdorf & Páll-Gergely, 2009[Hausdorf & Páll-Gergely B. (2009). "''Monacha oecali'' new species from southern Turkey (Gastropoda:Hygromiidae) ". '' Journal of Conchology'' 40(1): 15-18]
abstract
* ''
Monacha orsini''
(Porro, 1841)
* ''
Monacha oshanovae''
I. Pintér & L. Pintér, 1970
* ''
Monacha ovularis''
(Bourguignat, 1855)
* ''
Monacha pamphylica''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha pantanellii''
(De Stefani, 1879)
* ''
Monacha parumcincta''
(Menke, 1828)
* ''
Monacha perfrequens''
(Hesse, 1914)
* ''
Monacha pharmacia''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha phazimonitica''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha pseudorothii''
Hausdorf, 2003
* ''
Monacha pusilla''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha riedeli''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha rizzae''
(Aradas, 1844)
* ''
Monacha roseni''
(Hesse, 1914)
* ''
Monacha rothii''
(L. Pfeiffer, 1841)
* ''
Monacha samsunensis''
(L. Pfeiffer, 1868)
* ''
Monacha saninensis''
(Pallary, 1939)
* ''
Monacha sedissana''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha solidior
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mo ...
''
(Mousson, 1863)
* ''
Monacha spiroxia spiroxia''
(Bourguignat, 1868)
* ''
Monacha spiroxia atik''
(Schutt, 2001)
* ''
Monacha stipulifera''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha subaii
''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mo ...
''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha subcarthusiana''
(Lindholm, 1913)
* ''
Monacha syriaca''
(Ehrenberg, 1831)
* ''
Monacha terebrata''
(Hausdorf, 2000)
* ''
Monacha tibarenica''
Neiber & Hausdorf, 2017
* ''
Monacha venusta''
(L. Pinter, 1968)
The species ''
Ashfordiana granulata'' (Alder, 1830) is often also grouped under the genus ''Monacha''.
;Taxon inquirendum:
* ''Monacha talischana''
(E. von Martens, 1880)
;Synonyms:
* ''Monacha beieri''
Klemm, 1962: synonym of ''Monacha haussknechti''
(O. Boettger, 1886) (junior synonym)
* ''Monacha fallax''
A. J. Wagner, 1914: synonym of ''
Monachoides fallax''
(A. J. Wagner, 1914) (original combination)
* ''Monacha ruffoi''
Giusti, 1973: synonym of ''Monacha pantanellii''
(De Stefani, 1879) (junior synonym)
* ''Monacha tschegemica''
Schileyko, 1988: synonym of ''Paratheba roseni''
(Hesse, 1914): synonym of ''Monacha roseni''
(Hesse, 1914) (junior synonym)
References
* Pintér, L. (1977). Studien an Monacha (Gastropoda: Helicidae), I. Über die subgenerische Zugehörigkeit von Monacha gregaria (Rossmässler). Archiv für Molluskenkunde. 108: 53–55.
* Nordsieck, H. (1993). Das System der paläarktischen Hygromiidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicoidea). Archiv für Molluskenkunde, 122 (Zilch-Festschrift): 1-23. Frankfurt am Main
* Bank, R. A. (2017). Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World. Last update: July 16th, 2017
* Holyoak, D. T. & Holyoak, G. A. (2018). A new genus Zenobiellina for Helix subrufescens Miller, 1822 (Hygromiidae), with description of a new congeneric species from northern Spain. Iberus. 36 (2): 133-147.
External links
Fitzinger, L.J. (1833). Systematisches Verzeichniß der im Erzherzogthume Oesterreich vorkommenden Weichthiere, als Prodrom einer Fauna derselben. Beiträge zur Landeskunde Oesterreichs's unter der Enns, 3: 88-122. WienNeiber, M. T. & Hausdorf, B. (2017). Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the land snail genus Monacha (Gastropoda, Hygromiidae). Zoologica Scripta. 46(3): 308-321
{{Commons category
Hygromiidae