The modern buildings on Zhongshan Square in Dalian refer to the buildings on

Zhongshan Square Zhongshan Square () is a city square in the Zhongshan District of Dalian, Liaoning, China named for Sun Yat-sen (popularly known as Sun Zhongshan); originally designed and built by the Russians in the 19th century. Several classical buildings ...

Dalian Dalian () is a major sub-provincial port city in Liaoning province, People's Republic of China, and is Liaoning's second largest city (after the provincial capital Shenyang) and the third-most populous city of Northeast China. Located on the ...

Liaoning Province Liaoning () is a coastal provinces of China, province in Northeast China that is the smallest, southernmost, and most populous province in the region. With its capital at Shenyang, it is located on the northern shore of the Yellow Sea, and i ...

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

, built mostly in the first half of the twentieth century, during which time Dalian was Japan's

leased territory In international relations, a concession is a ":wikt:synallagmatic, synallagmatic act by which a State transfers the exercise of rights or functions proper to itself to a foreign private test which, in turn, participates in the performance of pub ...

. These buildings were declared the " Cultural Heritage Sites under Protection by the Chinese State Government" in 2001 and the "Heritage Buildings under Protection by the Dalian Municipal Government" in 2002. The scene of this area with the modern buildings of the first half of the 20th century in China is comparable, in a smaller scale, to that of The Shanghai Bund.

Zhongshan Square

Zhongshan Square in Dalian was originally built by the Russians as Nikolayevskaya Square (in , meaning Nikolai's

plaza A town square (or square, plaza, public square, city square, urban square, or ''piazza'') is an open public space, commonly found in the heart of a traditional town but not necessarily a true geometric square, used for community gatherings. ...

) in 1898. It was later renamed by the Japanese as Ōhiroba (in ), meaning the large plaza. After 1945, it was further renamed as Zhongshan Square, after

Sun Zhongshan Sun Yat-sen (; also known by several other names; 12 November 1866 – 12 March 1925)Singtao daily. Saturday edition. 23 October 2010. section A18. Sun Yat-sen Xinhai revolution 100th anniversary edition . was a Chinese politician who serve ...

, the first president of the

Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ...

. The square is round and is 213 meters in diameter. There are ten roads that come radially out of the square,

anticlockwise Two-dimensional rotation can occur in two possible directions. Clockwise motion (abbreviated CW) proceeds in the same direction as a clock's hands: from the top to the right, then down and then to the left, and back up to the top. The opposite s ...

: * Zhongshan Road () - west * Yuguang Street () * Yan'an Road () - south * Jiefang Street () * Luxun Road () * Renmin Road () - east * Qiyi Street () * Minsheng Street () * Shanghai Road () - north * Minkang Street ()

The Buildings

On Zhongshan Square, there are presently ten buildings. They are from the building with the address of No. 1 Zhongshan Square, on the north side, with the names of the current occupants, anticlockwise:

Industrial and Commercial Bank of China #1

The

Renaissance architecture Renaissance architecture is the European architecture of the period between the early 15th and early 16th centuries in different regions, demonstrating a conscious revival and development of certain elements of Ancient Greece, ancient Greek and ...

building with

Corinthian columns The Corinthian order (Greek: Κορινθιακός ρυθμός, Latin: ''Ordo Corinthius'') is the last developed of the three principal classical orders of Ancient Greek architecture and Roman architecture. The other two are the Doric order w ...

in front at No. 1 Zhongshan Square, between Minkang Street and Zhongshan Road, is now

Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited (ICBC; ) is a Chinese multinational bank. Founded as a limited company on 1 January 1984, ICBC is a state-owned commercial bank. With capital provided by the Ministry of Finance of China, the ...

's Zhongshan Square Branch (). It was built in December, 1920, as Dalian Branch of

Bank of Korea The Bank of Korea (BOK; ) is the central bank of the Republic of Korea and issuer of Korean Republic won. It was established on 12 June 1950 in Seoul, South Korea. The bank's primary purpose is price stability. For that, the bank targets in ...

(in ). Architect: Yoshihei Nakamura (in ), residing in Korea at that time, designing the headquarters building of this bank.

Citibank

The building at No. 2 Zhongshan Square, between Zhongshan Road and Yuguang Street, is now used as

Citibank Citibank, N. A. (N. A. stands for " National Association") is the primary U.S. banking subsidiary of financial services multinational Citigroup. Citibank was founded in 1812 as the City Bank of New York, and later became First National City ...

's Dalian Branch and other offices. It was built in 1908 as Dalian Police Station (in ) which took care of both police and resident registration. It is the oldest building on this square and was designed by the team headed by Shoin Maeda (in ) of the

Kwantung The Kwantung Leased Territory ( ja, 關東州, ''Kantō-shū''; ) was a leased territory of the Empire of Japan in the Liaodong Peninsula from 1905 to 1945. Japan first acquired Kwantung from the Qing Empire in perpetuity in 1895 in the Trea ...

government, who later was invited to become professor at Tokyo High School of Technology, the predecessor of

Tokyo Institute of Technology is a national research university located in Greater Tokyo Area, Japan. Tokyo Tech is the largest institution for higher education in Japan dedicated to science and technology, one of first five Designated National University and selected as ...

Dalian Financial Building

The new

Postmodern architecture Postmodern architecture is a style or movement which emerged in the 1960s as a reaction against the austerity, formality, and lack of variety of modern architecture, particularly in the international style advocated by Philip Johnson and Henry- ...

building at No. 3 Zhongshan Square, between Yuguang Street and Yan'an Road, is Dalian Financial Building (in ), built in 2000. Since 2001, it has been occupied by

Shanghai Pudong Development Bank Shanghai Pudong Development Bank Co. Ltd (SPDB or Pufa; ) is a state-owned joint-stock commercial bank, established in 1993, with its headquarters located in Shanghai. Shanghai Pudong Development Bank issued a 400 million A-share offer on Septemb ...

's Dalian Branch on the right side (on Yuguang Street) and Guangdong Development Bank's Dalian Branch on the left side (on Yan'an Road). At this site stood the

British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies. ** Britishness, the British identity and common culture * British English, ...

Consulate General A consul is an official representative of the government of one state in the territory of another, normally acting to assist and protect the citizens of the consul's own country, as well as to facilitate trade and friendship between the people ...

's building, completed in 1914 (Architect: H. Ashead). It was demolished in 1995. YuguangStChurch-DalianChina

Note 1

Adjacent to the Consulate General's office on the Yuguang Street side (No. 2 Yuguang Street) stood Dalian

Anglican church Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition that has developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation, in the context of the Protestant Reformation in Europe. It is one of the ...

, whose second generation red brick building, built in 1928 in a joint effort of the

Church of England The Church of England (C of E) is the established Christian church in England and the mother church of the international Anglican Communion. It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain ...

and Japanese Anglican Church, still remains there, used as

Yuguang Street Church Yuguang Street Church ( zh, t=玉光街禮拜堂, s=玉光街礼拜堂) is a Protestant church in Dalian, China. It is the former Dalian Anglican Church ( zh, t=大連聖公會教堂, s=大连圣公会教堂, first=t, links=no; ja, 大連聖公� ...

Dalian Hotel

The 4-storey

building with

Ionic columns The Ionic order is one of the three canonic orders of classical architecture, the other two being the Doric and the Corinthian. There are two lesser orders: the Tuscan (a plainer Doric), and the rich variant of Corinthian called the composite or ...

in front at No. 4 Zhongshan Square, between Yan'an Road and Jiefang Street, is now the Dalian Hotel. It was built in 1914 as the Dalian

Yamato Hotel was a chain of hotels in Manchuria owned and operated by the South Manchuria Railway during the period from the 1910s to 1940s. Some of these hotels still exist in Northeast China, under different names. Background During the time of the South Ma ...

(in or ), owned by

South Manchuria Railway The South Manchuria Railway ( ja, 南満州鉄道, translit=Minamimanshū Tetsudō; ), officially , Mantetsu ( ja, 満鉄, translit=Mantetsu) or Mantie () for short, was a large of the Empire of Japan whose primary function was the operatio ...

Industrial and Commercial Bank of China #2

The building at No. 5 Zhongshan Square, between Jiefang Street and Luxun Road, is now

's Dalian Branch (in ). It was built in 1919 as Dalian City Hall (in ) and was designed by the team headed by Shigemitsu Matsumuro (in ) of the

government.

Bank of Communications

Former Oriental Development Company - Dalian

The

Art Deco Art Deco, short for the French ''Arts Décoratifs'', and sometimes just called Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design, that first appeared in France in the 1910s (just before World War I), and flourished in the Unite ...

building at No. 6 Zhongshan Square, between Luxun and Renmin Roads, is now

Bank of Communications Bank of Communications Limited (BoComm) (; often abbreviated as ), is the fifth-largest bank in mainland China. Established in 1908, the Bank of Communications claims a long history in China and is one of the banks to have issued banknotes in mo ...

' Dalian Branch. It was built in 1936, under the design of Shuichi Munetaka, as Dalian Branch of

Oriental Development Company The Oriental Development Company (Kyūjitai/Hanja: 東洋拓殖株式會社, Hangul: 동양척식주식회사), established by the Empire of Japan in 1908, was a national enterprise built as a result of Japanese colonial exploitation policy towar ...

(in ), Japan's

state-owned enterprise A state-owned enterprise (SOE) is a Government, government entity which is established or nationalised by the ''national government'' or ''provincial government'' by an executive order or an act of legislation in order to earn Profit (econom ...

, that had branches in

Korea Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republic o ...

and China.

China CITIC Bank

Former Dalian branch of the Bank of China

The French-style

building at No. 7 Zhongshan Square, between Renmin Road and Qiyi Street, is now

China CITIC Bank China CITIC Bank () is China's seventh-largest lender in terms of total assets. It was known as CITIC Industrial Bank until it changed its name in August 2005. China CITIC Bank, established in 1987, is a nationally comprehensive and internationa ...

(). It was built in 1910 as Dalian Branch of

Daqing Bank The Ta-Ching Government Bank (), known as the Ta-Ching Bank of the Ministry of Revenue (大清戶部銀行) from 1905 to 1908, was the name of the Bank of China as a government agency of the Qing dynasty until the empire's dissolution in 1912. I ...

(in ).

Note 2

Adjacent to this building on the Renmin Road side (No. 6 Renmin Road) is Zhongshan Square Branch of

Bank of Dalian Bank of Dalian Co., Ltd. is a Chinese urban commercial bank, with its headquarters in Dalian, Liaoning Province, China. On March 28, 1998, it was established as Dalian City Commercial Bank and opened its branches only in Dalian. In 2007, it chan ...

(in ). It was formerly the Dalian Branch of

Bank of Taiwan The Bank of Taiwan (BOT, , see below) is a commercial bank headquartered in Taipei, Taiwan. It is owned by the government of Taiwan. History The Bank of Taiwan was established as Taiwan's central bank in 1899, during Japanese rule. Th ...

(in ), built in 1910.

Dalian People's Culture Club

The building at No. 8 Zhongshan Square, between Qiyi and Minsheng Streets, is Dalian People's Culture Club (in ), built in 1951 by the

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

architecture team led by a Belorussian engineer.According to "Introducung Dalian People's Culture Club", attached to the photo exhibit in the hall. (2009) It has been the center of music and other cultural activities for the Dalianese people.

Bank of China

The colorful building at No. 9 Zhongshan Square, between Minsheng Street and Shanghai Road, is now

Bank of China The Bank of China (BOC; ) is a Chinese majority state-owned commercial bank headquartered in Beijing and the fourth largest bank in the world. The Bank of China was founded in 1912 by the Republican government as China's central bank, repl ...

's Dalian Branch, together with the new main building on the back side, added in 2005, where the bank transactions are done mostly. It was built in 1909 as Dalian Branch of

Yokohama Specie Bank was a Japanese bank founded in Yokohama, Japan in the year 1880. Its assets were transferred to The Bank of Tokyo (now MUFG Bank) in 1946. The bank played a significant role in Japanese overseas trade, especially with China. The original ba ...

(in ), designed by

Tsumaki Yorinaka was a Japanese architect and Head of the Japanese Ministry of Finance building section in the later Meiji period. Credited with the design of many significant Meiji era structures in Japan, notably the Nihonbashi Bridge. Early life and care ...

(in ) and his disciple, Satoshi Ōta (). It was used as the Soviet Union's Far East Bank from 1945 to 1955. The building's interior was massively changed in the 2005 renovation.

Dalian Post Office

Former Kwantung Bureau of Communications

The building at No. 10 Zhongshan Square, between Shanghai Road and Minkang Street, is now used as part of Dalian Post Office, whose main office is on Chanjiang Road in front of Dalian Railway Station. It was built in December, 1917, as Kwantung Bureau of Communications (in ) and was designed by the team headed by Shigemitsu Matsumuro of Kwantung government.

Protection by the State and Local Governments

All these buildings, except Dalian Financial Building and the buildings written in the Notes, were declared in 2001: * The Major Site Protected at the National Level All buildings were designated in 2002: * The "Heritage Buildings under Protection by the Dalian Municipal Government" (in )

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Modern Buildings On Zhongshan Square In Dalian Buildings and structures in Dalian Chinese architectural history Tourism in China Cultural heritage of China