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The Miwok or Miwokan languages (; Miwok: ), also known as ''Moquelumnan'' or ''Miwuk'', are a group of
Language family by Mithun (1999):
*Eastern Miwok
** Plains Miwok †
** Bay Miwok ( Saclan) †
**
Proto-Utian Grammar and Dictionary: with notes on Yokuts
'. Trends in Linguistics Documentation 31. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. : :
Miwok language keyboards, Languagegeek
{{Miwok Miwok Utian languages
endangered language
An endangered language or moribund language is a language that is at risk of disappearing as its speakers die out or shift to speaking other languages. Language loss occurs when the language has no more native speakers and becomes a "dead langu ...
s spoken in central California by the Miwok
The Miwok (also spelled Miwuk, Mi-Wuk, or Me-Wuk) are members of four linguistically related Native American groups indigenous to what is now Northern California, who traditionally spoke one of the Miwok languages in the Utian family. The word ...
peoples, ranging from the Bay Area to the Sierra Nevada. There are seven Miwok languages, four of which have distinct regional dialects. There are a few dozen speakers of the three Sierra Miwok languages, and in 1994 there were two speakers of Lake Miwok. The best attested language is Southern Sierra Miwok, from which the name '' Yosemite'' originates. The name Miwok comes from the Northern Sierra Miwok word ''miw·yk'' meaning 'people' or 'Indians.'
Languages
Language family by Mithun (1999):
*Eastern Miwok
** Plains Miwok †
** Bay Miwok ( Saclan) †
**Sierra Miwok
The Plains and Sierra Miwok were once the largest group of California Indian Miwok people, indigenous to California. Their homeland included regions of the Sacramento Valley, San Joaquin Valley, and the Sierra Nevada.
Geography
The Plains an ...
*** Northern Sierra Miwok (†) ( Camanche, Fiddletown, Ione, and West Point
The United States Military Academy (USMA), also known Metonymy, metonymically as West Point or simply as Army, is a United States service academies, United States service academy in West Point, New York. It was originally established as a f ...
dialects)
*** Central Sierra Miwok (nearly extinct) (East Central and West Central dialects)
*** Southern Sierra Miwok (nearly extinct) ( Yosemite, Mariposa, and Southern dialects)
*Western Miwok
**Coast Miwok
Coast Miwok are an indigenous people that was the second-largest group of Miwok people. Coast Miwok inhabited the general area of modern Marin County and southern Sonoma County in Northern California, from the Golden Gate north to Duncans Poi ...
† ( Bodega and Marin dialects)
**Lake Miwok
The Lake Miwok are a branch of the Miwok, a Native American people of Northern California. The Lake Miwok lived in the Clear Lake basin of what is now called Lake County.
Culture
The Lake Miwok spoke their own Lake language in the Utian li ...
†
Proto-language
Reconstructions of Proto-Miwok plant and animal names by Callaghan (2014):Callaghan, Catherine. (2014).Proto-Utian Grammar and Dictionary: with notes on Yokuts
'. Trends in Linguistics Documentation 31. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. : :
Further reading
* Freeland, Lucy S. 1947. "Western Miwok Texts with Linguistic Sketch". ''International Journal of American Linguistics'' 13:31-46. * Freeland, Lucy Shepherd. 1951. ''Language of the Sierra Miwok.'' Waverly Press. * Freeland, Lucy Shepherd and Broadbent, Sylvia M. 1960. ''Central Sierra Miwok Dictionary with Texts.'' University of California Press. https://www.yosemite.ca.us/library/central_sierra_miwok_dictionary/. * Broadbent, Sylvia M., and Callaghan, Catherine A. 1960. "Comparative Miwok: A Preliminary Survey." ''International Journal of American Linguistics'', vol. 26, no. 4: 301–316. * Broadbent, Sylvia M., and Pitkin, Harvey. 1964. "A Comparison of Miwok and Wintun." In ''Studies in Californian Linguistics'', ed. W. Bright, 19–45. University of California Publications in Linguistics, vol. 34. Berkeley: University of California Press. * Broadbent, Sylvia M. 1964. ''The Southern Sierra Miwok Language.'' University of California Press, publications in linguistics (Vol. 38). Berkeley: University of California Press. https://www.yosemite.ca.us/library/southern_sierra_miwok_language/title.html. * Callaghan, Catherine A. 1965. ''Lake Miwok Dictionary''. University of California Press. * Callaghan, Catherine A. 1970. ''Bodega Miwok Dictionary''. Publications in Linguistics 60. University of California Press. * Berman, Howard. 1982. ''Freeland's Central Sierra Miwok Myths.'' Survey of California and Other Indian Languages. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1gx6543n. * Callaghan, Catherine A. 1984. ''Plains Miwok Dictionary''. Publications in Linguistics 105. University of California Press. * Keeling, Richard. 1985. "Ethnographic Field Recordings at Lowie Museum of Anthropology." Robert H. Lowie Museum of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley. v. 2. North-Central California: Pomo, Wintun, Nomlaki, Patwin, Coast Miwok, and Lake Miwok Indians. * Callaghan, Catherine A. 1987. ''Northern Sierra Miwok Dictionary''. Publications in Linguistics 110. University of California Press. * Sloan, Kelly Dawn. 1991. ''Syllables and Templates: Evidence from Southern Sierra Miwok.'' Ph.D. thesis, MIT.References
External links
Miwok language keyboards, Languagegeek
{{Miwok Miwok Utian languages