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The Crystal Mover is a rubber-tired
On 31 December 2010, Macau placed a
Crystal Movers are currently in operation in the following airports, with most applications being in the
* Configuration: Single- or double-car
* Capacity (passengers): 105 (including 18 seats) or 210 (including 36 seats)
* Vehicle mass: per vehicle
* Vehicle dimensions: (length) × (width) × (height)
* Guide system: Side guide two-axis four-wheel steering system
* Electric system: Third rail at 750 volts direct current
* Gauge: ; guide rail span:
* Maximum speed:
** Vehicle performance:
** Operation:
* Service acceleration and braking: (3.6 km/h/s)
* Emergency braking: (4.68 km/h/s)
* Car body structure: Aluminum alloy welded structure
* Traction motor: Two
The Crystal Mover is a rubber-tired automated people mover
A people mover or automated people mover (APM) is a type of small scale automated guideway transit system. The term is generally used only to describe systems serving relatively small areas such as airports, downtown districts or theme parks. ...
(APM) system for airport and light rail applications manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
is a Japanese multinational engineering, electrical equipment and electronics corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. MHI is one of the core companies of the Mitsubishi Group and its automobile division is the predecessor of Mitsubishi ...
in Mihara, Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the n ...
. The Crystal Mover, initially based on the Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the n ...
ese APM standard, is used in automated guideway transit systems in China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, most populous country, with a Population of China, population exceeding 1.4 billion, slig ...
, Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the n ...
, Singapore
Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bor ...
, South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and sharing a Korean Demilitarized Zone, land border with North Korea. Its western border is formed ...
, the United Arab Emirates
The United Arab Emirates (UAE; ar, اَلْإِمَارَات الْعَرَبِيَة الْمُتَحِدَة ), or simply the Emirates ( ar, الِْإمَارَات ), is a country in Western Asia (Middle East, The Middle East). It is ...
and the United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country Continental United States, primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., ...
.
Public transport
Japan
*Astram Line
, also known as the , is a rubber-tired transit system operated by Hiroshima Rapid Transit in Hiroshima, Japan. Astram opened on August 20, 1994, for the 1994 Asian Games in Hiroshima. The line connects central Hiroshima and Hiroshima Big Arch, ...
, Hiroshima
is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture in Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 1,199,391. The gross domestic product (GDP) in Greater Hiroshima, Hiroshima Urban Employment Area, was US$61.3 billion as of 2010. Kazumi Matsui ...
* Kanazawa Seaside Line
The is an automated guideway transit line operated by which operates between Shin-Sugita in Isogo Ward to Kanazawa-Hakkei in Kanazawa Ward in Yokohama
is the second-largest city in Japan by population and the most populous municip ...
, Yokohama
is the second-largest city in Japan by population and the most populous municipality of Japan. It is the capital city and the most populous city in Kanagawa Prefecture, with a 2020 population of 3.8 million. It lies on Tokyo Bay, south of T ...
* Rokkō Island Line
The , commonly known as is an automated guideway transit system in Kobe, Japan. Upon its opening on February 21, 1990, it became the second AGT line operated by Kobe New Transit. The line connects the man-made Rokkō Island to Sumiyoshi Station ...
, Kobe
Kobe ( , ; officially , ) is the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture Japan. With a population around 1.5 million, Kobe is Japan's seventh-largest city and the third-largest port city after Tokyo and Yokohama. It is located in Kansai region, whi ...
* Yurikamome
, formerly the , is an automated guideway transit service operated by ''Yurikamome, Inc.'', connecting Shimbashi to Toyosu, via the artificial island of Odaiba in Tokyo, Japan, a market in which it competes with the Rinkai Line.
The line is na ...
, Tokyo
Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, with an estimated 37.46 ...
* Nippori-Toneri Liner
The is an automated guideway transit (AGT) system between Nippori Station in Arakawa and Minumadai-shinsuikōen Station in Adachi, Tokyo, Japan. The line opened on 30 March 2008. It is operated by the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportatio ...
, Tokyo
Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, with an estimated 37.46 ...
Singapore
In Singapore, Crystal Movers operate on Sengkang LRT line and thePunggol LRT line
The Punggol LRT line is an automated guideway transit line in Singapore. The line, which initially opened on 29 January 2005, connects the residential districts and suburbs of Punggol to Punggol Town Centre, where it connects with the North E ...
, both managed by SBS Transit Ltd. These cars have been operating since 2003 on the Sengkang LRT and on the Punggol LRT since its opening in 2005. There is a fleet of 41 cars of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Crystal Mover C810
}
The Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Crystal Mover C810 is an automated people mover train that serves the Sengkang LRT line and Punggol LRT line in Singapore. The trains have been operating since 18 January 2003, with its first service on the Seng ...
in total for the two LRT lines. An additional order was placed for 16 more cars (Contract 810A) with identical specifications to increase capacity on both LRT lines, and had been fully delivered as of 2016.
Macau
On 31 December 2010, Macau placed a MOP
A mop (such as a floor mop) is a mass or bundle of coarse strings or yarn, etc., or a piece of cloth, sponge or other absorbent material, attached to a pole or stick. It is used to soak up liquid, for cleaning floors and other surfaces, to mop ...
4.688 billion order for Crystal Movers for the Macau Light Transit System
, image = Metro Ligeiro de Macau logo.svg
, imagesize = 234px
, locale = Macau
, transit_type = Automated guideway transit
, lines = 1
, stations = 11
, ridership =
, website =
, began_operation = 10 December 2019 (Taipa Line)
, operati ...
, which started commercial operation on 10 December 2019. It was free of charge till 31 January 2020.
Airport connections
Crystal Movers are currently in operation in the following airports, with most applications being in the United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country Continental United States, primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., ...
:
Hong Kong
* HKIA Automated People Mover,Hong Kong International Airport
Hong Kong International Airport is Hong Kong's main airport, built on reclaimed land on the island of Chek Lap Kok, Hong Kong. The airport is also referred to as Chek Lap Kok International Airport or ''Chek Lap Kok Airport'', to distingui ...
Singapore
* Changi Airport Skytrain,Singapore Changi Airport
Singapore Changi Airport, commonly known as Changi Airport , is a major civilian international airport that serves Singapore, and is one of the largest transportation hubs in Asia. As one of the world's busiest airports by international passe ...
South Korea
* Incheon Airport Shuttle Train, Incheon International AirportUnited Arab Emirates
* Dubai International Airport Terminal 3 APM,Dubai International Airport
Dubai International Airport ( ar, مطار دبي الدولي) is the primary international airport serving Dubai, United Arab Emirates, and is the world's busiest airport by international passenger traffic. It is also the nineteenth-busies ...
, UAE
United States
*AeroTrain Aerotrain may refer to:
* Aérotrain, a hovercraft train developed in France
* AeroTrain, an tiltrotor aircraft proposed by Karem Aircraft
* Aerotrain (GM), a passenger train built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division
* AeroTrain (Washington ...
, Washington Dulles International Airport
Washington Dulles International Airport , typically referred to as Dulles International Airport, Dulles Airport, Washington Dulles, or simply Dulles ( ), is an international airport in the Eastern United States, located in Loudoun County and F ...
, United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country Continental United States, primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., ...
* ATL Skytrain
The ATL SkyTrain is an 24/7 automated people mover (APM) at Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport that runs between the domestic terminal and rental car center.
Layout and operation
The system opened on December 8, 2009, to co ...
, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country Continental United States, primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., ...
* MIA Mover and Skytrain, Miami International Airport
Miami International Airport , also known as MIA and historically as Wilcox Field, is the primary airport serving the greater Miami metropolitan area with over 1,000 daily flights to 167 domestic and international destinations, including most c ...
, United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country Continental United States, primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., ...
* Orlando International Airport People Movers, Orlando International Airport
Orlando International Airport is a major public airport located 6 miles (10 km) southeast of Downtown Orlando, Florida. In 2021, it handled 19,618,838 passengers, making it the busiest airport in the state and seventh busiest airport i ...
, United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country Continental United States, primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., ...
* SkyConnect, Tampa International Airport
Tampa International Airport is an international airport west of Downtown Tampa, in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The airport is publicly owned by Hillsborough County Aviation Authority (HCAA)., effective December 30, 2021. T ...
, United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country Continental United States, primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., ...
Specifications
* Configuration: Single- or double-car
* Capacity (passengers): 105 (including 18 seats) or 210 (including 36 seats)
* Vehicle mass: per vehicle
* Vehicle dimensions: (length) × (width) × (height)
* Guide system: Side guide two-axis four-wheel steering system
* Electric system: Third rail at 750 volts direct current
* Gauge: ; guide rail span:
* Maximum speed:
** Vehicle performance:
** Operation:
* Service acceleration and braking: (3.6 km/h/s)
* Emergency braking: (4.68 km/h/s)
* Car body structure: Aluminum alloy welded structure
* Traction motor: Two 3-phase
Three-phase electric power (abbreviated 3φ) is a common type of alternating current used in electricity generation, transmission, and distribution. It is a type of polyphase system employing three wires (or four including an optional neutral r ...
alternating current induction motor
An induction motor or asynchronous motor is an AC electric motor in which the electric current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained by electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding. An induction motor ...
s each with a continuous rating of
* Propulsion control system: IGBT
An insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is a three-terminal power semiconductor device primarily used as an electronic switch, which, as it was developed, came to combine high efficiency and fast switching. It consists of four alternating lay ...
–VVVF
A variable-frequency drive (VFD) is a type of motor drive used in electro-mechanical drive systems to control AC motor speed and torque by varying motor input frequency and, depending on topology, to control associated voltage or current vari ...
inverter vector control (individual control of each axis with variable load control)
* Brake system: Electric command pneumatic brake with regenerative brake
Regenerative braking is an energy recovery mechanism that slows down a moving vehicle or object by converting its kinetic energy into a form that can be either used immediately or stored until needed. In this mechanism, the electric traction mo ...
(with stand-by brake, parking brake, variable load control and wheel slide prevention control)
See also
*Automated guideway transit
An automated guideway transit (AGT) or automated fixed-guideway transit or automatic guideway transit system is a type of fixed guideway transit infrastructure with a riding or suspension track that supports and physically guides one or more dr ...
* Rubber-tyred tram
A rubber-tyred tram (also known as tramway on tyres, french: tramway sur pneumatiques) is a development of the guided bus in which a vehicle is guided by a fixed rail in the road surface and draws current from overhead electric wires (either ...
and Rubber-tyred metro
A rubber-tyred metro or rubber-tired metro is a form of rapid transit system that uses a mix of road and rail technology. The vehicles have wheels with rubber tires that run on rolling pads inside guide bars for traction, as well as traditio ...
Competing systems:
* Bombardier Innovia APM
Innovia APM is a rubber-tired automated people mover system (APM) currently manufactured and marketed by Alstom as part of its Innovia series of fully automated transportation systems. The technology was introduced in 1963 by Westinghouse and ...
* Véhicule Automatique Léger (VAL)
Notes
References
External links
{{Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Light Rail Transit (Singapore) rolling stock Airport people mover systems Crystal Mover people movers Crystal Mover Electric multiple units of Hong Kong Electric multiple units of the United States Rolling stock of the United Arab Emirates Multiple units of Malaysia Electric multiple units of South Korea Electric multiple units of Japan Rail transport in Macau