The Mitsubishi 4N1 engine is a family of all-

alloy An alloy is a mixture of chemical elements of which at least one is a metal. Unlike chemical compounds with metallic bases, an alloy will retain all the properties of a metal in the resulting material, such as electrical conductivity, ductility, ...

diesel engine The diesel engine, named after Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to mechanical compression; thus, the diesel engine is a so-call ...

s developed by

Mitsubishi Motors is a Japanese multinational automobile manufacturer headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan.Kyoto Kyoto (; Japanese: , ''Kyōto'' ), officially , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan. Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu, Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kobe. , the ci ...

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

for use in Mitsubishi's small to mid-sized global passenger cars."Environmental Highlights of the 2007 Tokyo Motor Show"
Keith Hardy, .pdf file, Advanced propulsion news
Mitsubishi Motors press release
Mitsubishi Motors press release In June 2006, Mitsubishi Motors

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries is a Japanese multinational engineering, electrical equipment and electronics corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. MHI is one of the core companies of the Mitsubishi Group and its automobile division is the predecessor of Mitsubishi Mo ...

and Renault announced a joint development

project A project is any undertaking, carried out individually or collaboratively and possibly involving research or design, that is carefully planned to achieve a particular goal. An alternative view sees a project managerially as a sequence of even ...

for a new generation of clean diesel engines to be used in cars

export An export in international trade is a good produced in one country that is sold into another country or a service provided in one country for a national or resident of another country. The seller of such goods or the service provider is an ...

ed to

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

with a target of beginning

mass production Mass production, also known as flow production or continuous production, is the production of substantial amounts of standardized products in a constant flow, including and especially on assembly lines. Together with job production and batch ...

in 2010 and later announced that the engines will be gradually phased into other global markets."Mitsubishi Motors Lineup at 2007 North American International Auto Show"
Mitsubishi Motors press release The preliminary version of the engine was first seen in the Concept-cX test car introduced in 2007. The larger was first exhibited in the Concept-ZT test car introduced in the same year and later used in the Concept-RA test car introduced in 2008."MITSUBISHI Concept-cX"
Mitsubishi Motors press release
, Mitsubishi Motors press release
Mitsubishi Motors press release
Mitsubishi Motors press release With a clean diesel emission performance in mind, all engines are designed to comply with Tier 2 Bin 5 emission regulations in the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

Euro 5 The European emission standards are vehicle emission standards for pollution from the use of new land surface vehicles sold in the European Union and EEA member states and the UK, and ships in EU waters. The standards are defined in a seri ...

standard in Europe and

's Post New Long Term regulations. Together with Mitsubishi's electric vehicle technology the new diesel engines are positioned as a core element in the Mitsubishi Motors Environment Initiative Program 2010 (EIP 2010) announced in July 2006."Mitsubishi Motors Environment Initiative Program 2010"
Mitsubishi Motors press release The 4N1 engine family is the world's first to feature a

variable valve timing In internal combustion engines, variable valve timing (VVT) is the process of altering the timing of a valve lift event, and is often used to improve performance, fuel economy or emissions. It is increasingly being used in combination with varia ...

(intake side) system applied to passenger car diesel engines. All engines developed within this family have

aluminium Aluminium (aluminum in American and Canadian English) is a chemical element with the symbol Al and atomic number 13. Aluminium has a density lower than those of other common metals, at approximately one third that of steel. I ...

cylinder block,

double overhead camshaft An overhead camshaft (OHC) engine is a piston engine where the camshaft is located in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber. This contrasts with earlier overhead valve engines (OHV), where the camshaft is located below the combustion cha ...

layouts, 4 valves per cylinder, a

common rail Common rail direct fuel injection is a direct fuel injection system built around a high-pressure (over ) fuel rail feeding solenoid valves, as opposed to a low-pressure fuel pump feeding unit injectors (or pump nozzles). High-pressure injection ...

injection system with a

variable-geometry turbocharger Variable-geometry turbochargers (VGTs), occasionally known as variable-nozzle turbines (VNTs), are a type of turbochargers, usually designed to allow the effective aspect ratio of the turbocharger to be altered as conditions change. This is done ...

and ''

MIVEC MIVEC (Mitsubishi Innovative Valve timing Electronic Control system) is the brand name of a variable valve timing (VVT) engine technology developed by Mitsubishi Motors. MIVEC, as with other similar systems, varies the timing of the intake and ex ...

'' variable valve timing.

Engine family characteristics

Mitsubishi's new clean diesel engines use a high-pressure common rail injection system to improve combustion efficiency. The ''4N13'' uses

solenoid upright=1.20, An illustration of a solenoid upright=1.20, Magnetic field created by a seven-loop solenoid (cross-sectional view) described using field lines A solenoid () is a type of electromagnet formed by a helix, helical coil of wire whose ...

fuel-injectors. The larger ''4N14'' engine uses piezo fuel-injectors that produce a finer fuel spray. Both engines feature a fast

ceramic A ceramic is any of the various hard, brittle, heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials made by shaping and then firing an inorganic, nonmetallic material, such as clay, at a high temperature. Common examples are earthenware, porcelain ...

glowplug A glowplug (alternatively spelled as glow plug or glow-plug) is a heating device used to aid in starting diesel engines. In cold weather, high-speed diesel engines can be difficult to start because the mass of the cylinder block and cylinder he ...

system. The engines are designed to operate at a lower

compression ratio The compression ratio is the ratio between the volume of the cylinder and combustion chamber in an internal combustion engine at their maximum and minimum values. A fundamental specification for such engines, it is measured two ways: the stati ...

, thus lowering the combustion pressure, allowing the use of an aluminium cylinder block that reduces

weight In science and engineering, the weight of an object is the force acting on the object due to gravity. Some standard textbooks define weight as a Euclidean vector, vector quantity, the gravitational force acting on the object. Others define weigh ...

."Mitsubishi Reveals New Concept-cX"
Mitsubishi Motors Australia press release The ''4N13'' engine uses a Variable Geometry (VG) turbocharger with a variable vane

turbine A turbine ( or ) (from the Greek , ''tyrbē'', or Latin ''turbo'', meaning vortex) is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. The work produced by a turbine can be used for generating e ...

, which provides optimal

boost pressure Boost, boosted or boosting may refer to: Science, technology and mathematics * Boost, positive manifold pressure in turbocharged engines * Boost (C++ libraries), a set of free peer-reviewed portable C++ libraries * Boost (material), a material ...

control for different driving conditions. The ''4N14'' engine also uses a VG turbocharger plus a Variable Diffuser (VD) that uses both variable geometry vanes in the turbine housing and a

compressor A compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. An air compressor is a specific type of gas compressor. Compressors are similar to pumps: both increase the pressure on a fluid and both can transp ...

with variable vanes in the diffuser passage, further improving combustion efficiency. Within the engine, Mitsubishi used an offset angle

crankshaft A crankshaft is a mechanical component used in a piston engine to convert the reciprocating motion into rotational motion. The crankshaft is a rotating shaft containing one or more crankpins, that are driven by the pistons via the connecting ...

that reduces friction, therefore noise and vibration, allowing the engine to run smoothly and quietly at all engine speeds. To meet the requirements of global

emissions Emission may refer to: Chemical products * Emission of air pollutants, notably: **Flue gas, gas exiting to the atmosphere via a flue ** Exhaust gas, flue gas generated by fuel combustion ** Emission of greenhouse gases, which absorb and emit rad ...

standards, Mitsubishi developed a new catalyst system that combines a

Diesel Oxidation Catalyst A catalytic converter is an exhaust emission control device that converts toxic gases and pollutants in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine into less-toxic pollutants by catalyzing a redox reaction. Catalytic converters are usually ...

(DOC), NOx Trap Catalyst (NTC) and

Diesel Particulate Filter A diesel particulate filter (DPF) is a device designed to remove diesel particulate matter or soot from the exhaust gas of a diesel engine.Tom Nash (May 2003) "Diesels: The Smoke is clearing", ''Motor '' Vol.199 No. 5, p. 54, Hearst Business Publ ...

(DPF).

4N13

Specifications

Applications

*2010

Mitsubishi ASX The Mitsubishi ASX (abbreviation of "Active Sports Crossover") is a subcompact crossover SUV manufactured by the Japanese automaker Mitsubishi Motors. During its introduction, it was slotted below the Outlander in Mitsubishi's crossover SUV lin ...

( RVR) *2010

Mitsubishi Lancer The Mitsubishi Lancer is an automobile produced by the Japanese manufacturer Mitsubishi Motors since 1973. The Lancer has been marketed as the Colt Lancer, Dodge Colt, Plymouth Colt, Chrysler Valiant Lancer, Chrysler Lancer, Eagle Summit, Hin ...

*2012

Peugeot 4008 The Peugeot 4008 is a subcompact crossover SUV produced by Mitsubishi Motors under the French marque Peugeot which was officially introduced in September 2011. It was based on the same platform as the Mitsubishi ASX and the Citroën C4 Aircr ...

*2012

Citroën C4 Aircross The Citroën C4 Aircross is a sub-compact crossover Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV). It was unveiled at the 2012 Geneva Motor Show. In October 2011, it was confirmed that the C4 Aircross would not be sold in the United Kingdom or Ireland, due to th ...

4N14

Specifications

Applications

*2010

Mitsubishi Outlander The is a mid-size crossover SUV manufactured by Japanese automaker Mitsubishi Motors. It was originally known as the when it was introduced in Japan in 2001. The original Airtrek name was chosen to "describe the vehicle's ability to transpo ...

*2012 Mitsubishi Delica D:5 (without variable timing, /) *2013

(with A/T only) *2017

Mitsubishi Eclipse Cross The Mitsubishi Eclipse Cross is a compact crossover SUV (subcompact crossover SUV from 2017-2020) produced by Japanese automaker Mitsubishi Motors since October 2017. It was previewed by the ''XR-PHEV'' and ''XR-PHEV II'' concepts, revealed in 2 ...

*2019 Mitsubishi L200 and L300 (without variable timing, /)

4N15

Specifications

Applications

*2014

Mitsubishi Type 73 Light Truck The is a series of military light trucks that are used as mini SUVs in the JSDF. They have been under production by Mitsubishi Motors since 1973. In JSDF service, it is officially known as the 1/2 Ton Truck.This JSDF name designation is used onl ...

*2015 Mitsubishi Triton/L200/Strada *2015 Mitsubishi Pajero Sport/Montero Sport/Shogun Sport

4N16

Specifications

Applications

*2022

Nissan Caravan The Nissan Caravan is a light commercial van designed for use as a fleet vehicle or cargo van and manufactured by Nissan since 1973. Between 1976 and 1997, a rebadged version of the Caravan sold as the Nissan Homy, which was introduced as an i ...

/ Isuzu Como

References

External links

Mitsubishi Motors Japan Clean diesel page (JAPANESE)
{{Mitsubishi Motors technologies 4N1 Straight-four engines Diesel engines by model

Engine family characteristics

4N13

Specifications

Applications

4N14

Specifications

Applications

4N15

Specifications

Applications

4N16

Specifications

Applications

See also

References

External links