, settlement_type = Neighborhood of

Jerusalem Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...

, image_skyline = שכונת משכנות שאננים וטחנת הרוח. צולם מכיוון העיר העתיקה.jpg , imagesize = 300px , image_caption = View of Mishkenot Sha'ananim from the

Old City of Jerusalem The Old City of Jerusalem ( he, הָעִיר הָעַתִּיקָה, translit=ha-ir ha-atiqah; ar, البلدة القديمة, translit=al-Balda al-Qadimah; ) is a walled area in East Jerusalem. The Old City is traditionally divided into ...

, subdivision_type =

Country A country is a distinct part of the world, such as a state, nation, or other political entity. It may be a sovereign state or make up one part of a larger state. For example, the country of Japan is an independent, sovereign state, whi ...

, subdivision_name = , subdivision_type1 =

District A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivision ...

, subdivision_name1 = Jerusalem District , subdivision_type2 = City , subdivision_name2 =

, established_title = Founded , established_date = 1860 , founder = Sir Moses Montefiore , area_code_type =

Area code A telephone numbering plan is a type of numbering scheme used in telecommunication to assign telephone numbers to subscriber telephones or other telephony endpoints. Telephone numbers are the addresses of participants in a telephone network, r ...

Mishkenot Sha'ananim ( he, משכנות שאננים, ''lit.'' Peaceful Dwellings) was the first Jewish settlement built outside the walls of the

, on a hill directly across from

Mount Zion Mount Zion ( he, הַר צִיּוֹן, ''Har Ṣīyyōn''; ar, جبل صهيون, ''Jabal Sahyoun'') is a hill in Jerusalem, located just outside the walls of the Old City. The term Mount Zion has been used in the Hebrew Bible first for the Ci ...

. It was built in 1859–1860. This guesthouse was one of the first structures to be built outside the

Old City Old City often refers to old town, the historic or original core of a city or town. Old City may refer to several places: Historical cities or regions of cities ''(by country)'' *Old City (Baku), Azerbaijan * Old City (Dhaka), Bangladesh, also ca ...

, the others being Kerem Avraham, the Schneller Orphanage, Bishop Gobat school, and the Russian Compound.

History

Ottoman period

Mishkenot Sha'anim was built by British Jewish banker and philanthropist Sir Moses Montefiore in 1860, after he acquired the land from the Governor of Jerusalem, Ahmad Agha Duzdar. It was built as an almshouse, paid for by the estate of an American Jewish businessman from

New Orleans New Orleans ( , ,New Orleans

, Judah Touro. Not available on Google Books as of August 2021. Since it was outside the walls and open to

Bedouin The Bedouin, Beduin, or Bedu (; , singular ) are nomadic Arabs, Arab tribes who have historically inhabited the desert regions in the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, the Levant, and Mesopotamia. The Bedouin originated in the Syrian Desert ...

raids, pillage and general banditry rampant in the region at the time, the Jews were reluctant to move in, even though the housing was luxurious compared to the derelict and overcrowded houses in the

. As an incentive, people were paid to live there, and a stone wall was built around the compound with a heavy door that was locked at night for defense. The name of the neighborhood was taken from the

Book of Isaiah The Book of Isaiah ( he, ספר ישעיהו, ) is the first of the Latter Prophets in the Hebrew Bible and the first of the Major Prophets in the Christian Old Testament. It is identified by a superscription as the words of the 8th-century B ...

: "My people will abide in peaceful habitation, in secure ''dwellings'' and in ''peaceful'' resting places" (). It later became part of Yemin Moshe which was established in 1892–1894.

Jordanian period

After the

1948 Arab–Israeli War The 1948 (or First) Arab–Israeli War was the second and final stage of the 1948 Palestine war. It formally began following the end of the British Mandate for Palestine at midnight on 14 May 1948; the Israeli Declaration of Independence had ...

, when the Old City was captured by the Arab Legion, Mishkenot Sha'ananim bordered on

no man's land No man's land is waste or unowned land or an uninhabited or desolate area that may be under dispute between parties who leave it unoccupied out of fear or uncertainty. The term was originally used to define a contested territory or a dump ...

in proximity to the armistice line with the Kingdom of Jordan, and many residents of the Yemin Moshe quarter left in the wake of sniper attacks by Jordanian

Arab Legion The Arab Legion () was the police force, then regular army of the Emirate of Transjordan, a British protectorate, in the early part of the 20th century, and then of independent Jordan, with a final Arabization of its command taking place in 1 ...

naires. Only the poorest inhabitants remained, turning the complex into a slum.

Restoration after 1967

The no-man's-land bordering Mishkenot Sha'ananim was captured by Israel during the 1967 War, together with the rest of Eastern and Old Jerusalem. In 1973, Mishkenot Sha'ananim was turned into an upscale guesthouse for internationally acclaimed authors, artists and musicians visiting Israel. Apart from guesthouse facilities, it is now a convention center and home of the

Jerusalem Music Center The Jerusalem Music Centre is an institute for musical education in Mishkenot Sha’ananim, Jerusalem. The centre helps young Israeli musicians to develop their talents through multi-annual programs and courses, master classes, and performances.

. The music center was inaugurated by

Pablo Casals Pau Casals i Defilló (Catalan: ; 29 December 187622 October 1973), usually known in English by his Castilian Spanish name Pablo Casals,

shortly before his death. The Jerusalem Center for Ethics was established in Mishkenot Sha'ananim in 1997. Yitzhak Zamir has been heading the board of directors since his retirement as justice of the Israeli Supreme Court in 2001.Itzhak Zamir
at the National Library of Israel homepage. Posted before 2019, accessed 23 Aug. 2021. File:16-03-30-Jerusalem-Innenstadt-RalfR-DSCF7571.jpg, Etzioni Flame File:16-03-30-Jerusalem-Innenstadt-RalfR-DSCF7584.jpg, Montefiore Windmill File:16-03-30-Jerusalem-Innenstadt-RalfR-DSCF7586.jpg, Ha-Takhana File:16-03-30-Jerusalem Mishkenot Sha’ananim-RalfR-DSCF7637.jpg, ''Jerusalem as the Center of the World'' by David Breuer-Weil (after the Bünting Clover Leaf Map), in Teddy Kollek Park (2016)

References

{{Coord, 31, 46, 17.05, N, 35, 13, 27.65, E, display=title Populated places established in 1861 Neighbourhoods of Jerusalem Buildings and structures in Jerusalem Jews and Judaism in Ottoman Palestine 1861 establishments in Ottoman Syria

History

Ottoman period

Jordanian period

Restoration after 1967

See also

References