Mirza Mohammad rafi 'Sauda' ( ur, ), (1713–1781) was an

Urdu Urdu (;"Urdu"
'' Delhi Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, primarily its western or right bank, Delhi shares borders ...

, India. He is known for his '' Ghazals'' and Urdu ''

Qasida The qaṣīda (also spelled ''qaṣīdah''; is originally an Arabic word , plural ''qaṣā’id'', ; that was passed to some other languages such as fa, قصیده or , ''chakameh'', and tr, kaside) is an ancient Arabic word and form of writin ...

s''.

Biography

He was born in 1713 in Shahjahanabad (i.e.

Old Delhi Old Delhi or Purani Dilli is an area in the Central Delhi district of Delhi, India. It was founded as a walled city named Shahjahanabad in 1648, when Shah Jahan (the Mughal emperor at the time) decided to shift the Mughal capital from Agra. T ...

), where he was also brought up. At the age of 60 or 66, he moved to

Farrukhabad Farrukhabad is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of the Farrukhabad tehsil. The city is on the banks of river Ganges and is from the national capital Delhi and from the state capital Lucknow. ...

(with Nawab Bangash), and lived there from 1757 to about 1770. In A.H. 1185 (1771–72) he moved to the court of

Nawab of Awadh The Nawab of Awadh or the Nawab of Oudh was the title of the rulers who governed the state of Awadh (anglicised as Oudh) in north India during the 18th and 19th centuries. The Nawabs of Awadh belonged to a dynasty of Persian origin from Nishap ...

(then in

Faizabad Faizabad (Hindustani pronunciation: ɛːzaːbaːd is a city situated near the southern banks of Saryu river in Ayodhya district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The area of this Faizabad region is administered by Ayodhya Municipal Corpo ...

) and remained there until his death. When

Lucknow Lucknow (, ) is the capital and the largest city of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and it is also the second largest urban agglomeration in Uttar Pradesh. Lucknow is the administrative headquarters of the eponymous district and division ...

became the state capital, he came there with Nawab Shujauddaula''. He died in A.H. 1195 (1780–81) in Lucknow.

Ustads and shagirds

Sulaimān Qulī Ḳhān 'Vidād' and

Shaikh Zahuruddin Hatim Shaikh Zahuruddin Hatim also known by the pen names of Shah Hatim or Hatim was an Urdu poet and an early exponent of the Delhi school of Urdu poetry. He lived in Delhi during the reign of Muhammad Shah. Career Hatim was born to Fatuddin in Delhi ...

were his ''

Ustad Ustād or ostād (abbreviated as Ust., Ut. or Ud.; from Persian ) is an honorific title used in West Asia, North Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia. It is used in various languages such as Persian, , Azerbaijani, Urdu, Hindi, Bengali, Marat ...

s'' (teachers of Urdu poetry). King Shah Alam was ''Shagird'' (student of Urdu poetry) of Sauda. He was also Ustad of Shujauddaulla. Nawab Āṣif ud-Daulah gave him title of ''Malkushshu'ara'' and annual pension of Rs 6,000.

Works

Initially he composed in Persian, but switched to Urdu on the advice of his ustad, Ḳhān-e Ārzū. His work was translated in 1872 by Major Henry Court, Captain, Bengal Cavalry. Kulliyat of Sauda was compiled by Ḥakīm Sayyid Aṣlaḥ. ud-Dīn Ḳhān wrote the introduction. Sauda's works from his Kulliyat are: * Masnavi dar hajv-e hakim ghaus مثنوی در ھجوِ حکیم غوث * Masnavi dar hajv-e amir-a daulatmand bakhil مثنوی در ھجوِ امیرِ دولت مند بخیل * Masnavi dar ta'rif-e shikar مثنوی در تعریفِ شکار * Masnavi dar hajv-e pil rajah nripat singh مثنوی در ھجو پِل راجن نری پت سنگھ * Masnavi dar hajv-e sidi faulad khan kotval-e shahjahanabad مثنوی در ھجو سیدّی فولاد خان کوتوالِ شاجہان آباد * Masnavi dar hajv-e fidvi mutavatan-e panjab kih darasal baqal bachchah bud مثنوی در ھجو فدوی مُطاوِتانِ پنجاب کی دراصل بیقل بچاہ بد * Masnavi dar hajv-e chipak mirza faizu مثنوی در ھجو چپک مرزا فیضو * Qissah-e darvesh kih iradah-e ziyarat-e ka'bah kardah bud قصّہِ درویش کہ ارادہِ زیارتِ کعبہ کرد بد * Mukhammas-e shahr ashob مخاماصِ شہر آشوب * Qasidah dar madh-e navab vazir imad ul-mulk قصیدہ درمدہِ نواب وزیر عماد الملک

References

External links

Professor Nasim Ahmad's Books (a). Diwane-e-Ghazaliyat-e-Sauda and (b). Mutallaqate Sauda

Vinay Prajapati 'Nazar' Wordpress blog ''तख़लीक़-ए-नज़र''
– Expanding day by day
Muhammad Rafi Urdu Poetry
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sauda 1713 births 1781 deaths Poets from Delhi Indian Shia Muslims Urdu-language poets from India Indian male poets 18th-century Indian poets 18th-century male writers