Minimally differentiated acute myeloblastic leukemia is a subtype of AML. It is classified as M0 by
FAB. It represents 2–3% of all cases of AML. Although minimally differentiated AML was recognized earlier, criteria for FAB M0 were developed in 1987. The blasts in these cases cannot be recognized as myeloid based on morphology and
cytochemistry
Cytochemistry is the branch of cell biology dealing with the detection of cell constituents by means of biochemical analysis and visualization techniques. This is the study of the localization of cellular components through the use of staining me ...
, but
immunophenotyping demonstrates myeloid antigens.
Cytochemistry and molecular features
In acute myeloblastic leukemia (M0), the blasts are agranular and nonreactive when stained for
myeloperoxidase
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a peroxidase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MPO'' gene on chromosome 17. MPO is most abundantly expressed in neutrophil granulocytes (a subtype of white blood cells), and produces hypohalous acids to carry ...
activity, and
Auer rods are not seen. The blasts react with antibodies to myeloperoxidase and antibodies to
CD13,
CD33
CD33 or Siglec-3 (sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 3, SIGLEC3, SIGLEC-3, gp67, p67) is a transmembrane receptor expressed on cells of myeloid lineage. It is usually considered myeloid-specific, but it can also be found on some lymphoid cells.
...
, and
CD34
CD34 is a transmembrane phosphoglycoprotein protein encoded by the CD34 gene in humans, mice, rats and other species.
CD34 derives its name from the cluster of differentiation protocol that identifies cell surface antigens. CD34 was first descri ...
.
Human leukocyte antigen
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system or complex is a complex of genes on chromosome 6 in humans which encode cell-surface proteins responsible for the regulation of the immune system. The HLA system is also known as the human version of th ...
(HLA)-DR is positive in most patients. Occasional cases require
in situ hybridization
''In situ'' hybridization (ISH) is a type of hybridization that uses a labeled complementary DNA, RNA or modified nucleic acids strand (i.e., probe) to localize a specific DNA or RNA sequence in a portion or section of tissue (''in situ'') o ...
to identify the myeloperoxidase gene315 or genomic profiling for early myeloid-associated genes. Abnormal and unfavorable karyotypes (e.g., loss of the long arm of chromosome 5 (5q-) and 7q-) and higher expression of the multidrug resistance glycoprotein (p170) are frequent. In general, minimally differentiated acute myeloblastic leukemia has a poor prognosis.
See also
*
Acute myeloid leukemia
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells, characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal cells that build up in the bone marrow and blood and interfere with normal blood cell production. Symptoms may inclu ...
*
Acute myeloblastic leukemia without maturation (M1 in
FAB) —
*
Acute myeloblastic leukemia with maturation
Acute myeloblastic leukemia with maturation (M2) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of cancer affecting blood cells that eventually develop into non-lymphocyte white blood cells. The disease origin ...
(M2 in
FAB) —
References
External links
{{Myeloid malignancy
Acute myeloid leukemia