''Mickey Mouse'' (originally known as ''Mickey Mouse Sound Cartoons'') is a series of American Animated cartoon, animated comedy short films produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios, Walt Disney Productions. The series started in 1928 with Steamboat Willie and ended in 1953 with ''The Simple Things''. Four additional shorts were released between 1983 and 2013. The series is notable for its innovation with Sound film, sound synchronization and character animation, and also introduced well-known characters such as Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse, Pluto (Disney), Pluto and Goofy. The name "Mickey Mouse" was first used in the films' title sequences to refer specifically to the character, but was used from 1935 to 1953 to refer to the series itself as in "Walt Disney presents a Mickey Mouse." In this sense "a Mickey Mouse" was a shortened form of "a Mickey Mouse sound cartoon" which was used in the earliest films. Films from 1929 to 1935 which were re-released during this time also used this naming convention, but it was not used for the three shorts released between 1983 and 1995 (''Mickey's Christmas Carol'', ''The Prince and the Pauper (1990 film), The Prince and the Pauper'', and ''Runaway Brain''). Mickey's name was also used occasionally to market other films which were formally part of other series. Examples of this include several ''Silly Symphony, Silly Symphonies'' and ''Goofy and Wilbur'' (1939).

Production

Disney began secretly producing the first ''Mickey Mouse'' films while still contractually required to finish some Oswald the Lucky Rabbit cartoons for producer Charles Mintz. The first two films, ''Plane Crazy'' and ''The Gallopin' Gaucho'', were previewed in theaters but failed to pick up a Film distributor, distributor for a broad release. For the third film, Disney added synchronized sound, a technology that was still in its early stages at the time. ''Steamboat Willie'' debuted in New York in November 1928 and was an instant success. The revenues from the film provided the studio with much needed resources, and the studio quickly began to produce new cartoons as well as releasing sound versions of the first two. Production slowed towards the end of the 1930s as the studio began to focus on other characters and feature-length films. The series was informally retired in 1953 with the release of ''The Simple Things'', but was revived in 1983 and 1990 with two featurettes, or three reel short films. 1995's ''Runaway Brain'' returned the series to its single reel format, while the most recent installment, 2013's ''Get a Horse!'', was produced in the black-and-white style of the early films. The cartoons were directed by 20 different people. Those with the most credits include Burt Gillett (34), Wilfred Jackson (18), Walt Disney (16), David Hand (animator), David Hand (15), and Ben Sharpsteen (14); the director of the most recent installment, Lauren MacMullan, was the first female director. Notable animators who worked on the series include Ub Iwerks, Norm Ferguson (animator), Norm Ferguson, Ollie Johnston, Frank Thomas (animator), Frank Thomas, and Fred Moore (animator), Fred Moore. Mickey's voice is mostly provided by Walt Disney, with some additional work by Carl Stalling and Clarence Nash. By 1948, Jimmy MacDonald (sound effects artist), Jimmy MacDonald had taken over Mickey's voice. Wayne Allwine voiced the mouse in the three films released from 1983 to 1995. In the most recent film, ''Get a Horse!'', Mickey's dialogue was compiled from archival recordings primarily of Walt Disney's voice work.

List of films

The following is a list of ''Mickey Mouse'' films. The early films released by Pat Powers (businessman), Celebrity Productions (1928–1929) and Columbia Pictures (1930–1932) were distributed by region and state, so there is no definitive release date. The dates used in the list from 1928 to mid-1932 are shipping dates, reflecting when the Disney studio shipped the completed films to the distributors, per the 2018 Disney Enterprises book ''Mickey Mouse: The Ultimate History''. The shorts released by United Artists (1932–1937) and RKO Radio (1937–1940) have official release dates announced by the distributors. Gray headers indicate black-and-white films, while yellow headers indicate color films.

1928

1929

1930

1931

1932

1933

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

1939

1940

1941

1942

1943

1946

1947

1948

1951

1952

1953

1983

1990

1995

2013

Releases

Every ''Mickey Mouse'' cartoon was originally released theatrically, typically appearing before feature films. In 1929, some theaters began to host the "Mickey Mouse Club", a children's program which would exclusively show Mickey's cartoons. The series was Film distribution, distributed distributed by Columbia Pictures (1930–1932), United Artists (1932–1937), and RKO Pictures, RKO Radio Pictures (1937–1953). The four most recent films were released by Disney's own company, Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures (formerly known as Buena Vista Pictures Distribution). Many of the films were also broadcast on television, beginning in 1936 on BBC Television. Here the series was shown on a regular basis except during World War II. In the United States, selected films were shown on the Walt Disney anthology television series, and later on other series such as ''The Mouse Factory'' (1971–1973), ''Mickey's Mouse Tracks'' (1992–1995), and ''The Ink and Paint Club (TV series), Ink & Paint Club'' (1997–1998).

Home media

The films have also been released in various forms of Home video, home media. In the 1960s there were several 8 mm film, 8 mm and Super 8 mm film, Super 8 releases, although these were often silent, black-and-white, or condensed versions. In 1978, Disney began to release selected films on VHS, laserdisc, and later DVD. Starting in 2010, some of the cartoons were made available on the iTunes Store as digital downloads. Disney has also released films online. At the Disney website, cartoons are shown on a rotating basis under the video page
Mickey & Friends
. On Walt Disney Animation Studios' official YouTube channel, three complete cartoons have been released:
Plane Crazy
' (1928),
Steamboat Willie
' (1928), and
Hawaiian Holiday
' (1937), and most of
Thru the Mirror
' (1936) as seen on the ''Disneyland'' episode "The Plausible Impossible" (1956). As of 2018, the only complete re-release of the entire series has been in the "Walt Disney Treasures" DVD sets. The vast majority''Donald and Pluto'' appears on "The Chronological Donald" and several others which prominently feature Pluto appear on "The Complete Pluto" of the series appears between four two-disc sets: "Walt Disney Treasures: Wave Two#Mickey Mouse in Black and White, Mickey Mouse in Black and White" (2002), "Walt Disney Treasures: Wave Four#Mickey Mouse in Black and White, Volume Two, Mickey Mouse in Black and White, Volume Two" (2004), "Walt Disney Treasures: Wave One#Mickey Mouse in Living Color, Mickey Mouse in Living Color" (2001), and "Walt Disney Treasures: Wave Three#Mickey Mouse in Living Color, Volume Two, Mickey Mouse in Living Color, Volume Two" (2004). Film critic Leonard Maltin, who hosts the collection, implied that there was opposition to releasing the complete series because of some content now considered politically incorrect, such as racial and ethnic stereotypes. Maltin argued that releasing the material uncensored was the only way to "learn from the past". The only film not included in this collection was the subsequently released ''Get a Horse!'' (2013) which first premiered at the Annecy International Animated Film Festival and was shown ahead of ''Frozen (2013 film), Frozen''.

Notes

References

Bibliography

The Encyclopedia of Disney Animated Shorts
(EDAS) * * *
The Internet Movie Database
(IMDb) * * * *Tomart's Illustrated Disneyana Catalog and Price Guide

External links

at The Encyclopedia Of Disney Animated Shorts
Mickey Mouse Theatrical Cartoon List
at the Big Cartoon DataBase
Synopsis for the Mickey Mouse
at the Big Cartoon Database {{DEFAULTSORT:Mickey Mouse film series Film series introduced in 1928 Animated film series Children's film series Lists of animated films by character Mickey Mouse short films, * Walt Disney Studios (division) franchises Disney-related lists American comedy films Slapstick comedy