Mexico–Nicaragua relations
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The nations of Mexico and Nicaragua established diplomatic relations in 1839, however, relations were briefly severed in May 1979 and restored a few months later in July 1979 with the ousting of Nicaraguan President
Anastasio Somoza Debayle Anastasio "Tachito" Somoza Debayle (; 5 December 1925 – 17 September 1980) was the President of Nicaragua from 1 May 1967 to 1 May 1972 and from 1 December 1974 to 17 July 1979. As head of the National Guard, he was ''de facto'' ruler of ...
. Diplomatic relations between both nations have continued unabated since.History of diplomatic relations between Mexico and Nicaragua (in Spanish)
/ref> Both nations are members of the Association of Caribbean States, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States,
Organization of American States The Organization of American States (OAS; es, Organización de los Estados Americanos, pt, Organização dos Estados Americanos, french: Organisation des États américains; ''OEA'') is an international organization that was founded on 30 April ...
,
Organization of Ibero-American States The Organization of Ibero-American States ( es, Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos, pt, Organização de Estados Iberoamericanos, ca, Organització d'Estats Iberoamericans; abbreviated as OEI), formally the Organization of Ibero-American ...
and the United Nations.


History

Mexico and Nicaragua are two Latin American nations that share a common cultural history from the Nahuas and the Oto-Manguean people. The two nations also share a common history in the fact that both nations were colonized by the Spanish empire. In 1821, Mexico gained independence from Spain and Nicaragua became a part of the First Mexican Empire. In 1823, the empire dissolved and Nicaragua, along with
Guatemala Guatemala ( ; ), officially the Republic of Guatemala ( es, República de Guatemala, links=no), is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico; to the northeast by Belize and the Caribbean; to the east by H ...
,
El Salvador El Salvador (; , meaning " The Saviour"), officially the Republic of El Salvador ( es, República de El Salvador), is a country in Central America. It is bordered on the northeast by Honduras, on the northwest by Guatemala, and on the south b ...
,
Honduras Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America. The republic of Honduras is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Oce ...
and
Costa Rica Costa Rica (, ; ; literally "Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( es, República de Costa Rica), is a country in the Central American region of North America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the no ...
joined the United Provinces of Central America. In 1838, the union dissolved and Nicaragua became an independent nation. One year later, in 1839, Mexico and Nicaragua established diplomatic relations. In 1937, the first of the Somoza presidents of Nicaragua took power. In the 1960s, the Nicaraguan Revolution began by a rebel group called the Sandinista National Liberation Front. During that time period Mexico, although initially a supporter of the Somoza's, soon changed position and offered support to the Sandinistas. In May 1979, Mexico broke diplomatic relations with Nicaragua over repeated human rights abuses carried out by the government of
Anastasio Somoza Debayle Anastasio "Tachito" Somoza Debayle (; 5 December 1925 – 17 September 1980) was the President of Nicaragua from 1 May 1967 to 1 May 1972 and from 1 December 1974 to 17 July 1979. As head of the National Guard, he was ''de facto'' ruler of ...
. In July 1979, Anastasio Somoza Debayle was removed from power and Mexico re-established diplomatic relations with Nicaragua. In 1990, Mexico, along with the government of
Colombia Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Car ...
, Panama and Venezuela created the Contadora Group to try and mediate in the Central American crises that was gripping the region at the time. The Nicaraguan revolution came to an end after the election of President Violeta Chamorro in 1990. Since the end of the revolution, Mexico and Nicaragua have worked together in numerous projects such as in disaster relief, migration and development. In 2001, both nations agreed to implement the
Mesoamerica Project The Mesoamerica Integration and Development Project, or in Spanish (PM), is a mechanism by which 10 countries centered on Central America implement regional projects for development and integration. The 10 participating countries are Belize, C ...
(also known as the Plan Puebla-Panama). In December 2012, Nicaraguan President
Daniel Ortega José Daniel Ortega Saavedra (; born 11 November 1945) is a Nicaraguans, Nicaraguan revolutionary and politician serving as President of Nicaragua since 2007. Previously he was leader of Nicaragua from 1979 to 1990, first as coordinator of the ...
attended the inauguration of Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto. In 2021, the Mexican government expressed its concerns of detentions of political activists and protestors by the Nicaraguan government. In February 2023, Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador stated that Mexico would grant asylum to any Nicaraguan person who requested it. As a result, more than 50,000 humanitarian visas have been issued to Nicaraguan citizens each year in Mexico. In January 2024, Nicaragua closed its consulate in Tapachula,
Chiapas Chiapas (; Tzotzil language, Tzotzil and Tzeltal language, Tzeltal: ''Chyapas'' ), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Chiapas ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Chiapas), is one of the states that make up the Political divisions of Mexico, ...
in order to deny consular services for Nicaraguan migrants leaving the country.


High-level visits

Presidential visits from Nicaragua to Mexico * President
Daniel Ortega José Daniel Ortega Saavedra (; born 11 November 1945) is a Nicaraguans, Nicaraguan revolutionary and politician serving as President of Nicaragua since 2007. Previously he was leader of Nicaragua from 1979 to 1990, first as coordinator of the ...
(1985, 1988, 2007, 2010, 2012) * President Violeta Chamorro (1990, 1991, 1993) * President
Arnoldo Alemán José Arnoldo Alemán Lacayo (born 23 January 1946) is a Nicaraguan politician who served as the 81st president of Nicaragua from 10 January 1997 to 10 January 2002. In 2003, he was convicted of corruption and sentenced to a 20-year prison term; ...
(1997, 2000) * President Enrique Bolaños (March & June 2002) Presidential visits from Mexico to Nicaragua * President Gustavo Díaz Ordaz (1966) * President Carlos Salinas de Gortari (1993) * President Ernesto Zedillo (1997) * President Vicente Fox (2004) * President Felipe Calderón (2007, 2009)


Bilateral agreements

Both nations have signed several bilateral agreements such as an Agreement on the Exchange of Diplomatic Communications (1919); Agreement of Governmental Cooperation (1983); Agreement of Touristic Cooperation (1990); Agreement of Cooperation to Combat Drug Trafficking and Drug Dependency (1992); Extradition Treaty (1993); Agreement of Technical and Scientific Cooperation (1995); Treaty of Cooperation on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters (1997); Treaty on the Execution of Criminal Judgments (2000) and an Agreement on Educational and Cultural Cooperation (2000).


Transportation

There are direct flights between Mexico and Managua with Aeroméxico Connect.


Trade relations

In 1997, Mexico and Nicaragua signed a free trade agreement. Since its establishment (and with the implementation of a New Mexico-Central America free trade agreement in 2013), trade between the two nations has grown substantially. In 2023, two-way trade between both nations amounted to US$1.5 billion.Data México: Nicaragua
/ref> Mexico's main exports to Nicaragua include: electronic appliances, copper wire, medicines and vehicles while Nicaragua's main exports to Mexico include: vehicle parts, peanuts, vegetable oil, sugar and textiles. Several Mexican multinational companies such as América Móvil, Cemex, Grupo Bimbo and Grupo Lala (among others) operate in Nicaragua.


Resident diplomatic missions

* Mexico has an embassy in Managua. * Nicaragua has an embassy in Mexico City.Embassy of Nicaragua in Mexico City (in Spanish)
/ref>


See also

* Nicaraguan diaspora * Nicaraguan Revolution


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mexico-Nicaragua relations Nicaragua Bilateral relations of Nicaragua