Metropolitan Manila[1][7] (Filipino: Kalakhang Maynila, Kamaynilaan)
is the seat of government and one of the three defined metropolitan
areas of the Philippines. It is officially known as the National
Capital Region (NCR), and was commonly known as Metro
Manila
Manila or simply
Manila. It is made up of the City of Manila, the Philippine capital
city,
Quezon
Quezon City, the country's most populous city and former
capital, and the cities of Caloocan, Las Piñas, Makati, Malabon,
Mandaluyong, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Parañaque, Pasay, Pasig,
San Juan, Taguig, Valenzuela and the municipality of Pateros.
NCR encompasses an area of 619.57 km2 (239.22 sq mi)
and has a population of 7007128772530000000♠12,877,253,[2] making it
the most densely populated region of the country. It is exceptional in
having both a high population density and large population at the same
time. In fact, there are no administrative regions on earth with both
a greater population than the NCR and higher population
density[citation needed]. The NCR is the second most populous region
in the Philippines, as well as the 9th most populous metropolitan area
in Asia. The total urbanized area, referring to its continuous urban
expansion into the provinces of Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna,
Rizal
Rizal and
Batangas, was listed as having a population of
7007241000000000000♠24,100,000 by citypopulation.de,[3] making it
the 5th most populous urban area in the world.[clarification needed]
The region is the center of culture, economy, education and government
of the Philippines. Designated as a global power city, NCR exerts a
significant impact on commerce, finance, media, art, fashion,
research, technology, education, and entertainment, both locally and
internationally. It is the home to all the consulates and embassies in
the Philippines, thereby making it an important center for
international diplomacy in the country. Its economic power makes the
region the country's premier center for finance and commerce. NCR
accounts for 37.2% of the gross domestic product of the
Philippines.[8]
The region was established in 1975 through Presidential Decree No. 824
in response to the needs to sustain the growing population and for the
creation for the center of political power and the seat of the
Government of the Philippines.[9] The Province of Manila, the
predecessor entity of the region, is one of the first eight provinces
that revolted against the Spanish colonial rule in the
Philippines
Philippines at
the end of the 19th century. Manila's role in the Revolution is
honoured in the Flag of the Philippines, where the sun's eight rays
symbolise the eight revolutionary provinces.
Contents
1 History
2 Geography
2.1 Natural hazards
2.2 Climate
2.3 Cityscape
2.4 Parks
3 Government and politics
3.1 Local Government Units
3.2 Districts
3.3 Future expansion
4 Demographics
4.1 Poverty, housing and urban slums
5 Economy
5.1 Central Business Districts
5.2 Shopping
5.3 Tourism
6 Culture and contemporary life
6.1 Arts
6.2 Sports
7 Human resources
7.1 Education
7.2 Public health
7.3 Public safety
8 Infrastructure
8.1 Transportation
8.1.1 Roads and highways
8.1.2 Railway systems
8.1.3 Air
8.1.4 Buses
8.1.5 Ferry
8.2 Utilities
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
History[edit]
See also: History of Manila
Further information: Capital of the Philippines
Map of
Manila
Manila province (1898)
A historical province known as
Manila
Manila encompassed territories once
held by various pre-Hispanic polities. This included the well-known
Pasig
Pasig River delta settlements of Maynila and Tondo, but smaller
settlements such as those at Tambobong, Taguig, Pateros, and the
fortified polity of Cainta. It became the capital of the colonial
Philippines,[clarification needed] with
Manila
Manila (Intramuros) serving as
the center of colonial power. In 1898, it included the City of Manila
and 23 other municipalities. Mariquina also served as the capital from
1898–1899, just as when the sovereignty of the
Philippines
Philippines was
transferred to the United States. The province was dissolved and most
of it was incorporated to the newly created province of
Rizal
Rizal in 1901.
Since the Spanish colonial period,
Manila
Manila was considered as one of the
original global cities. The
Manila
Manila galleon was the first known
commercially traveled trade route that sailed the Pacific for 250
years, bringing to
Spain
Spain their cargoes of luxury goods, economic
benefits, and cultural exchange.
During the American period, at the time of the Philippine
Commonwealth, American architect and urban designer
Daniel Burnham
Daniel Burnham was
commissioned to create the grand Plan of
Manila
Manila to be approved by the
Philippine Government. The creation of
Manila
Manila in 1901 is composed of
the places and parishes of Binondo, Ermita, Intramuros, Malate,
Manila, Pandacan, Quiapo, Sampaloc, San Andrés Bukid, San Fernando de
Dilao, San Miguel, San Nicolas, Santa Ana de Sapa, Santa Cruz, Santa
Mesa and Tondo. Meanwhile, the towns and parishes of Caloocan, Las
Piñas, Mariquina, Pasig, Parañaque, Malabon, Navotas, San Juan del
Monte, San Pedro de Macati, San Felipe Neri,
Muntinlupa
Muntinlupa and the
Taguig-Pateros area were incorporated into the province of Rizal.
Pasig
Pasig serves as its provincial capital.
In 1939, President
Quezon
Quezon established
Quezon City
Quezon City with a goal to
replace
Manila
Manila as the capital city of the country. A masterplan for
Quezon City
Quezon City was completed. The establishment of
Quezon City
Quezon City meant the
demise of the grand Burnham Plan of Manila, with funds being diverted
for the establishment of the new capital.
World War II
World War II further
resulted in the loss most of the developments in the Burnham Plan, but
more importantly, the loss of more than 100,000 lives at the Battle of
Manila
Manila in 1945. Later on,
Quezon City
Quezon City was eventually declared as the
national capital on 1948. The tile was re-designated back to
Manila
Manila in
1976 through Presidential Decree No. 940 owing to its historical
significance as the almost uninterrupted seat of government of the
Philippines
Philippines since the Spanish colonial period. Presidential Decree No.
940 states that
Manila
Manila has always been to the Filipino people and in
the eyes of the world, the premier city of the
Philippines
Philippines being the
center of trade, commerce, education and culture.[10]
During the war, President
Manuel L. Quezon
.jpg/440px-Manuel_L._Quezon_(November_1942).jpg)
Manuel L. Quezon created the City of Greater
Manila
Manila as an emergency measure, merging the cities of
Manila
Manila and
Quezon
Quezon City, along with the municipalities of Caloocan, Las Piñas,
Mariquina, Pasig, Parañaque, Malabon, Navotas, San Juan del Monte,
San Pedro de Macati, San Felipe Neri,
Muntinlupa
Muntinlupa and the
Taguig-Pateros area. Jorge Vargas was appointed as its mayor. Mayors
in the cities and municipalities included in the City of Greater
Manila
Manila served as vice mayors in their town. This was in order to
ensure Vargas, who was Quezon's principal lieutenant for
administrative matters, would have a position of authority recognized
under international military law. The City of Greater
Manila
Manila was
abolished by the Japanese with the formation of the Philippine
Executive Commission to govern the occupied regions of the country.
The City of Greater
Manila
Manila served as a model for the present-day Metro
Manila
Manila and the administrative functions of the Governor of Metro
Manila
Manila that was established during the Marcos administration.
On November 7, 1975, Metro
Manila
Manila was formally established through
Presidential Decree No. 824. The Metropolitan
Manila
Manila Commission was
also created to manage the region.[9] On June 2, 1978, through
Presidential Decree No. 1396, the metropolitan area was declared the
National Capital Region of the Philippines.[11] When Metro
Manila
Manila was
established, there were four cities, Manila,
Quezon
Quezon City, Caloocan,
Pasay
Pasay and the thirteen municipalities of Las Piñas, Makati, Malabon,
Mandaluyong, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Parañaque, Pasig, San
Juan, Taguig, Valenzuela and Pateros. At present, all of these
municipalities except for one have become an independent charted city,
only Pateros remains as a municipality.
The flood brought by
Typhoon Ketsana
Typhoon Ketsana (Tropical Storm Ondoy) in 2009
caused 484 deaths in Metro
Manila
Manila alone.
President
Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Marcos appointed his wife, First Lady Imelda
Marcos as the first governor of Metro Manila. She launched the City of
Man campaign. The Cultural Center of the
Philippines
Philippines Complex,
Metropolitan Folk Arts Theater, Philippine International Convention
Center,
Coconut Palace
Coconut Palace and healthcare facilities such as the Lung
Center of the Philippines, Philippine Heart Center, and the Kidney
Center of the
Philippines
Philippines are all constructed precisely for this
purpose. President Marcos was overthrown in a non-violent revolution
along EDSA, which lasted three days in late February 1986. The popular
uprising, now known as the People Power Revolution, made international
headlines as "the revolution that surprised the world".[12]
In 1986, President
Corazon Aquino
Corazon Aquino issued Executive Order No. 392,
reorganizing and changing the structure of the Metropolitan Manila
Commission and renamed it to the Metropolitan
Manila
Manila Authority. Mayors
in the metropolis chose from among themselves the chair of the agency.
Later on, it was again reorganized in 1995 through Republic Act 7924,
creating the present-day Metropolitan
Manila
Manila Development Authority.
The chairperson of the agency will be appointed by the President and
should not have a concurrent elected position such as mayor. Former
Laguna province governor
Joey Lina was the last to serve as the
Officer-In-Charge governor of Metro Manila.[13]
By late 2014, then-MMDA Chairman Francis Tolentino proposed that San
Pedro, Laguna be included in Metro
Manila
Manila as its 18th member city.[14]
Geography[edit]
See also: Geography of Manila
Drainage map of the Pasig-
Marikina
(2017-08-20).jpg/500px-Marikina_Cityhood_Park_(Sumulong_Highway_corner_Shoe_ave.,_Marikina)(2017-08-20).jpg)
Marikina River system
Metro
Manila
Manila is located in the southwestern portion of Luzon. The
region lies along the flat alluvial lands extending from the mouth of
the
Pasig
Pasig River in the west to the higher rugged lands of Marikina
Valley in the east. The region is geographically divided into 4 zones:
the Coastal Margin, Guadalupe Plateau,
Marikina
Marikina Valley, and the Laguna
Lowlands. The Coastal Margin that faces the
Manila
Manila Bay possesses
resources for offshore fisheries and fishpond development. The various
reclamation projects in the area are meant for mixed-use urban
development. The Guadalupe Plateau is the most adaptable to urban
development activities not only because of its solid geographical
foundations but also because of its existing infrastructure links with
the rest of Luzon. The
Marikina
Marikina Valley has fertile land suitable for
crop cultivation while the
Marikina
Marikina River provides water for
industrial uses and discharge. The Laguna Lowlands is not only
suitable for agriculture and aquaculture but also for industrial
activity.[15]
Natural hazards[edit]
Metro
Manila
Manila is exposed to multiple natural hazards such as
earthquakes, floods, and typhoons. It is surrounded by active faults
including the
Marikina
Marikina Valley Fault System. Other distant faults such
as the Philippine Faults, Lubang Faults,
Manila
Manila Trench and Casiguran
Faults, are a threat as well.[16] Flooding is recurrent every year
especially in low-lying areas. Around five to seven typhoons hit
Manila
Manila yearly.
Manila
Manila was ranked as the second riskiest capital city
after
Tokyo
Tokyo to live in according to Swiss Re.[17]
Climate[edit]
Metro Manila, Philippines
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
27
28
19
4
28
18
10
29
19
60
32
21
109
34
22
215
33
23
346
32
24
398
32
24
323
32
24
272
31
22
163
30
21
96
29
19
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation
Precipitation totals in mm
Imperial conversion
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
1.1
82
66
0.2
82
64
0.4
84
66
2.4
90
70
4.3
93
72
8.5
91
73
14
90
75
16
90
75
13
90
75
11
88
72
6.4
86
70
3.8
84
66
Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
Precipitation
Precipitation totals in inches
According to the Köppen climate classification, there are two
climates in Metro Manila. Most of the region has a tropical wet and
dry climate (
Köppen climate classification
.svg/1100px-World_Köppen_Classification_(with_authors).svg.png)
Köppen climate classification Aw) while the northeastern
part of the region that lies on the foothills of Sierra Madre has a
tropical monsoon climate. Together with the rest of the Philippines,
Manila
Manila lies entirely within the tropics. Its proximity to the equator
means that temperatures are hot year-round, rarely going below 21°C
or above 39°C. Temperature extremes have ranged from 17.5°C on
January 11, 1914,[18] to 39.6°C on May 7, 1915.[19]
Humidity levels are usually very high all year round.
Manila
Manila has a
distinct dry season from December through May, and a relatively
lengthy wet season that covers the remaining period with slightly
cooler temperatures. In the wet season, it rarely rains all day, but
rainfall is very heavy during short periods. Typhoons usually occur
from June to September.[20]
Climate data for Metro Manila
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
33
(91)
33
(91)
35
(95)
37
(99)
38
(100)
38
(100)
38
(100)
37
(99)
37
(99)
37
(99)
36
(97)
34
(93)
38
(100)
Average high °C (°F)
28
(82)
28
(82)
29
(84)
32
(90)
34
(93)
33
(91)
32
(90)
32
(90)
32
(90)
31
(88)
30
(86)
29
(84)
30.8
(87.5)
Average low °C (°F)
19
(66)
18
(64)
19
(66)
21
(70)
22
(72)
23
(73)
24
(75)
24
(75)
24
(75)
22
(72)
21
(70)
19
(66)
21.3
(70.3)
Record low °C (°F)
14
(57)
14
(57)
14
(57)
15
(59)
17
(63)
18
(64)
19
(66)
19
(66)
19
(66)
18
(64)
17
(63)
15
(59)
18
(64)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
27
(1.06)
4
(0.16)
10
(0.39)
60
(2.36)
109
(4.29)
215
(8.46)
346
(13.62)
398
(15.67)
323
(12.72)
272
(10.71)
163
(6.42)
96
(3.78)
2,023
(79.64)
Source: WeatherSpark
Cityscape[edit]
The skyline of the
Makati
Makati Central Business District (2013)
The skyline of
Ortigas Center
Ortigas Center (2016)
The skyline of
Bonifacio Global City
Bonifacio Global City (2016)
The skyline of the City of
Manila
Manila from the
Manila
Manila Bay (2008)
Parks[edit]
See also: List of parks in Metro Manila
Commemoration of 119th Philippine Independence Day at
Rizal
Rizal Park
Quezon Memorial Circle
Quezon Memorial Circle (2015)
There are two national parks in Metro
Manila
Manila which is managed by the
National Parks and Development Committee (NPDC), the
Rizal
Rizal Park and
Paco Park
Paco Park in the City of Manila. NPDC used to manage
Fort Santiago
Fort Santiago in
Intramuros
Intramuros and the
Quezon
Quezon Memorial National Park in
Quezon
Quezon City. A
tripartite agreement between the
Quezon City
Quezon City Government, the National
Historical Institute and the NPDC transferred the management of Quezon
Memorial National Park to the
Quezon City
Quezon City Government while the
maintenance of
Fort Santiago
Fort Santiago was transferred to Intramuros
Administration.[21] The region has three protected areas, namely the
Rizal
Rizal Park, Ninoy Aquino Parks & Wildlife Center and the Manila
Bay Beach Resort.[22]
Rizal
Rizal Park, also known as Luneta Park, is considered as the largest
urban park in
Asia
Asia with an area of 58 hectares (140 acres).[23] The
park along with the historic walled area of
Intramuros
Intramuros are designated
as flagship destination to become a tourism enterprise zone according
to the Tourism Act of 2009.[24]
Paco Park
Paco Park is a recreational garden
which was once the city's municipal cemetery built by the Dominicans
during the Spanish colonial period.[25] Filipino Landscape Architect
IP Santos, the "Father of Philippine Landscape Architecture", was
commissioned to do the design of converting the former cemetery into a
park.
Manila
Manila Zoo is the oldest zoo in Asia, which was founded on 1959. It is
the home to more than a thousand animals from different 90 species
including the 40-year-old elephant, Mali. The zoo has an average of
4,000 visitors weekly. An estimated 40,000 tourists visits the zoo
each month.[26]
La Mesa Ecopark
La Mesa Ecopark is a 33-hectare well-developed sanctuary around the La
Mesa Watershed. It was established through a joint partnership between
the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System, ABS-CBN, and the
Quezon City
Quezon City Government. La Mesa Ecopark, along with the Ninoy Aquino
Parks & Wildlife Center, are important nature reserves in the
Philippines.
The Las Piñas-
Parañaque
Parañaque Critical Habitat and Ecotourism Area
(LPPCHEA) was declared as a critical habitat by the Government of the
Philippines
Philippines in 2007[27] and was listed by the
Ramsar Convention
Ramsar Convention as a
Wetland of International Importance in 2013.[28] LPPCHEA is composed
of the
Freedom Island
Freedom Island in
Parañaque
Parañaque and the Long Island in Las Piñas
that covers 175 hectares and features a mangrove forest of eight
species, tidal mudflats, secluded ponds with fringing salt-tolerant
vegetation, a coastal lagoon, and a beach.[29]
Government and politics[edit]
Further information: Administrative divisions of Metro Manila
See also: Metropolitan
Manila
Manila Development Authority
MMDA Headquarters (2012)
Malacañan Palace
Malacañan Palace is the official residence and principal workplace of
the President of the Philippines.
The
Batasang Pambansa Complex
Batasang Pambansa Complex is the seat of the House of
Representatives.
The Metropolitan
Manila
Manila Development Authority (MMDA) is the agency
responsible for the delivery of public services in Metro Manila. Its
services are limited to traffic management and garbage collection.
A bill was introduced in 2014 proposing the creation of a new
governing body in Metro
Manila
Manila to be known as the Metropolitan Manila
Regional Administration (MMRA). Unlike the MMDA which is limited to
being an administrative coordinating body, the proposed MMRA will have
police and other typical municipal powers and is more akin to the
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.[30][31]
Metro Manila, the National Capital Region, is the seat of the
Government of the Philippines. All the main offices of the executive
departments of the country are in Metro Manila. The Department of
Agrarian Reform, Department of Agriculture, Department of Environment
and Natural Resources,
National Housing Authority
.svg/440px-National_Housing_Authority_(NHA).svg.png)
National Housing Authority and Philippine
Coconut Authority has their main offices based around
Quezon
Quezon Memorial
Circle in
Quezon
Quezon City.
Manila, the capital city of the country, is the home to the Malacañan
Palace, the official office and residence of the President of the
Philippines. The city is also the home of the Supreme Court of the
Philippines. Important national institutions based in
Manila
Manila are the
Court of Appeals, the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, and the Departments
of Budget and Management, Finance, Health, Justice, Labor and
Employment and Public Works and Highways. Meanwhile, the Department of
Science and Technology is based in
Taguig
Taguig while the Department of
Tourism has its headquarters in Makati. Important economic and
financial institutions headquartered in the region are the Asian
Development Bank, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, Development Bank of the
Philippines, Land Bank of the
Philippines
Philippines and the National Economic
and Development Authority.
The main office of the
Government Service Insurance System
_(logo).svg/360px-Government_Service_Insurance_System_(Philippines)_(logo).svg.png)
Government Service Insurance System in Pasay
serves as home to the Senate of the Philippines. Meanwhile, the House
of Representatives of the Philippines, is based in the Batasang
Pambansa Complex,
Quezon City
Quezon City along with the Sandiganbayan. The
Coconut Palace
Coconut Palace once served as the official office and residence of the
Vice President of the
Philippines
Philippines in 2010 - 2016. The
Quezon
Quezon City
Reception House now serves this purpose since 2016.
Local Government Units[edit]
The political and administrative boundaries of the National Capital
Region has not changed since its formation in 1975 as a public
corporation under Presidential Decree No. 824. They are composed of
sixteen independent cities, classified as highly urbanized cities, and
one independent municipality: Pateros.
Primary local government units of Metro Manila, 2012
City or
municipality
Population (2015)[2]
Area[a]
Density
Incorporated (city)
km2
sq mi
/km2
/sq mi
Caloocan
7001123000000000000♠12.3%
1,583,978
53.33
20.59
30,000
78,000
1962
Las Piñas
7000460000000099999♠4.6%
588,894
32.02
12.36
18,000
47,000
1997
Makati
7000450000000000000♠4.5%
582,602
27.36
10.56
27,000
70,000
1995
Malabon
7000280000000099999♠2.8%
365,525
15.96
6.16
23,000
60,000
2001
Mandaluyong
7000300000000000000♠3.0%
386,276
11.06
4.27
35,000
91,000
1994
City of Manila
7001138000000000000♠13.8%
1,780,148
42.88
16.56
42,000
110,000
1571
Marikina
7000350000000000000♠3.5%
450,741
22.64
8.74
20,000
52,000
1996
Muntinlupa
7000390000000000000♠3.9%
504,509
41.67
16.09
12,000
31,000
1995
Navotas
7000190000000000000♠1.9%
249,463
11.51
4.44
22,000
57,000
2007
Parañaque
7000520000000000000♠5.2%
664,822
47.28
18.25
14,000
36,000
1998
Pasay
7000320000000000000♠3.2%
416,522
18.64
7.20
23,000
60,000
1947
Pasig
7000590000000000000♠5.9%
755,300
31.46
12.15
24,000
62,000
1995
Pateros
6999500000000000000♠0.5%
63,840
1.76
0.68[b]
36,000
93,000
Not a city
Quezon
Quezon City
7001228000000000000♠22.8%
2,936,116
165.33
63.83
18,000
47,000
1939
San Juan
6999900000000000000♠0.9%
122,180
5.87
2.27
21,000
54,000
2007
Taguig
7000630000000000000♠6.3%
804,915
45.18
17.44
18,000
47,000
2004
Valenzuela
7000480000000000000♠4.8%
620,422
45.75
17.66
14,000
36,000
1998
Total
12,877,253
619.57
239.22
21,000
54,000
^ Land area figures are from the Philippine Institute of Volcanology
and Seismology and Geoscience Australia.[32][33]
^ Land area of Pateros from the Municipality of Pateros official
government website.[34]
Districts[edit]
Unlike other administrative regions in the Philippines, Metro Manila
is not composed of provinces. Instead, the region is divided into four
geographic areas called "districts."[35] The districts have their
district centers at the four original cities in the region: the
city-district of
Manila
Manila (Capital District),
Quezon City
Quezon City (Eastern
Manila),
Caloocan
Caloocan (Northern Manila, also informally known as
CAMANAVA), and
Pasay
Pasay (Southern Manila).[36] The districts serve mainly
to organize the region's local government units for fiscal and
statistical purposes.
Districts of Metro Manila
Districts of Metro Manila
District
Cities/Municipality
Population (2015)
Area
Capital District
(1st District)
Manila
1,780,148
42.88 km2
(16.56 sq mi)
Eastern
Manila
Manila District
(2nd District)
Mandaluyong
Marikina
Pasig
Quezon
Quezon City
San Juan
4,650,613
236.36 km2
(91.26 sq mi)
Northern
Manila
Manila District (CAMANAVA)
(3rd District)
Caloocan
Malabon
Navotas
Valenzuela
2,819,388
126.42 km2
(48.81 sq mi)
Southern
Manila
Manila District
(4th District)
Las Piñas
Makati
Muntinlupa
Parañaque
Pasay
Pateros
Taguig
3,626,104
208.28 km2
(80.42 sq mi)
Metro Manila
12,876,253
619.57 km2
(239.22 sq mi)
Sources:
Population[2]
Land area[37][38]
Pateros area[39]
Future expansion[edit]
There is a high clamor for the inclusion of
San Pedro, Laguna
San Pedro, Laguna in Metro
Manila. Support groups from the local government and non-government
organizations are striving to incorporate San Pedro into Metro Manila.
No government agency has yet to take action on the proposal.[40][41]
Demographics[edit]
Population of the
National Capital Region
Year
Pop.
±% p.a.
1980
5,925,884
—
1990
7,948,392
+2.98%
1995
9,454,040
+3.30%
2000
9,932,560
+1.06%
2007
11,553,427
+2.11%
2010
11,855,975
+0.95%
2015
12,877,253
+1.59%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[42][43][2]
Metro
Manila
Manila has a population of 7007128772530000000♠12,877,253
according to the 2015 national census. Its total urban area, composing
of the urban agglomeration which refers to the continuous urban
expansion of Metro
Manila
Manila into the provinces of Bulacan, Cavite,
Laguna and
Batangas
Batangas has an estimated population of
7007241000000000000♠24,100,000 as of 2015.[3] It is the most
populous and densely populated region in the Philippines, the 7th most
populous metropolitan area in Asia, and the 3rd most populous urban
area in the world.
The most populous cities in Metro
Manila
Manila are
Quezon City
Quezon City (2,936,116),
Manila
Manila (1,780,148),
Caloocan
Caloocan (1,583,978),
Taguig
Taguig (804,915), Pasig
(755,300),
Parañaque
Parañaque (665,822), Valenzuela (620,422), Las Piñas
(588,894),
Makati
Makati (582,602) and
Muntinlupa
Muntinlupa (504,509).
Poverty, housing and urban slums[edit]
See also: Slums in Manila
The
Smokey Mountain
Smokey Mountain Development and Reclamation Project is an example
of in-city relocation housing for informal settler families in Tondo,
City of Manila.
In 2014, there are an estimated four million slum dwellers living in
Metro Manila. Homelessness is also a major problem in Metro
Manila.[44] However, these are being addressed by creating in-city
relocation housing, and by relocating informal settler families in
low-density housing built in the nearby provinces of Batangas,
Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna and Rizal.
During the American occupation, housing policies in
Manila
Manila dealt with
the problem of sanitation and concentration of settlers around
business areas. Among those implemented were business codes and
sanitation laws in slum areas in the 1930s. During this period and
until the 1950s, new communities were opened for relocation. Among
these were Projects 1 − 8 in Diliman,
Quezon City
Quezon City and the Vitas
tenement houses in Tondo. The government implemented the Public
Housing Policy in 1947 that established the People’s Homesite and
Housing Corporation (PHHC). A few years later, it put up the Slum
Clearance Committee which, with the help of the PHHC, relocated
thousands of families from Tondo and
Quezon City
Quezon City to Sapang Palay in
San Jose del Monte,
Bulacan
Bulacan in the 1960s.
During the time of President Ferdinand Marcos, the
World Bank
World Bank and the
Asian Development Bank
Asian Development Bank supported the programs for the "development of
relocation" and "on-site development." Carmona and
Dasmariñas
Dasmariñas in
Cavite
.jpg/500px-Cavite_Capitol_(Trece_Martires,_Cavite;_2017-03-16).jpg)
Cavite and San Pedro in Laguna opened as relocation sites. Along with
the establishment of the National Housing Authority, Presidential
Decree 772 made squatting a crime, making the
Philippines
Philippines one of only
two countries (the other is South Africa) where squatting is a crime.
The government formulated the National Shelter Program which became
the over-all framework for dealing with housing needs of all income
classes.
Imelda Marcos
.jpg)
Imelda Marcos held both the position as Governor of Metro
Manila
Manila and
as Minister of Human Settlements and Ecology or MHSE until the
downfall of the dictatorship in 1986. The MHSE, through loans from the
World Bank, initiated the Bagong Lipunan Improvement of Sites and
Services (BLISS) housing projects not only in Metro
Manila
Manila but also in
other provinces.
From 1960 to 1992, the government transferred some 328,000 families to
resettlement sites 25−40 km from Metro Manila. According to the
Asian Coalition on Housing Rights, during Corazon C. Aquino’s time,
the government would bring some 100,000 persons to relocation sites
yearly. During the said period, Sapang Palay and Carmona had a 60%
abandonment rate. Congress enacted RA 7279 or the Urban Development
and Housing Act (UDHA) in 1992. The law gave a new name for the
squatters: informal settlers. Essentially, UDHA gives protection for
big private ownership of land in the urban areas, ensuring that these
are protected from illegal occupants. The law also widened the scope
of private sector participation in the National Shelter Program (NSP).
In the middle of the Arroyo administration’s term, infrastructure
projects of the government led to the demolition of hundreds of
thousands of families (from along railways, C4 road, C5 road, and from
Fort Bonifacio). During the same period, new relocation sites in
Bulacan, Valenzuela and
Caloocan
Caloocan opened. Under the PNoy
administration, 556,526 families in Metro
Manila
Manila have to be brought to
relocation sites not only to solve the problem of flooding but also to
give way to infrastructure projects and private real estate
developments.
Economy[edit]
Makati
Makati CBD is the principal central business district of the
Philippines.
The National Capital Region accounts for 37.2% of the gross domestic
product of the
Philippines
Philippines in 2013.[8] Furthermore, it has the highest
per capita GDP of the country at ₱183,747.[45] The employment rate
of NCR is at 89.6% as of 2012[update].[46] According to Brookings
Institution, the 2014 share of output by industry in Metro
Manila
Manila is
as follows: trade and tourism: 31.4%, business/finance: 28.6%,
local/non-market: 15.6%, manufacturing: 12.5%, transportation: 4.9%,
construction: 4%, utilities: 2.8%, and commodities: 0.3%.[47]
Metro
Manila
Manila will add 1.85 million square meters of office spaces
between 2015 and 2017 in the central business districts in Makati,
Taguig, and
Quezon City
Quezon City as more global firms such as
Google
Google and HSBC
seeks to outsource business process in the Philippines.[48] The
vacancy rate for office spaces remains low, at less 3% in the year-end
of 2014.[49]
Manila
Manila remains as the least expensive capital city in the
Asia-Pacific
Asia-Pacific to occupy prime office space at an average rent of $22
per square meter per month.[50]
Metro
Manila
Manila makes it to the "Global Top 30" cities according to
property consultancy firm Jones Lang Lasalle, citing its economic
scale, vast population, large gross domestic product and BPO
specialization as its competitive edge.[51] Furthermore, the region
ranks 3rd for the top business process outsourcing global
destinations, next to
Bangalore
Bangalore and Mumbai.[52] The region's retail
sector remains strong, bolstered by remittances abroad, BPOs, and its
tourism sector.[53]
Historically, the main business district of the metropolis was
Binondo, where commercial trading flourished since the 15th century.
By the 1960s, economic activities shifted from
Binondo
Binondo to Makati. It
transformed
Makati
Makati it into one of the leading financial centers in
Asia. Still,
Binondo
Binondo remained as a cultural and financial center
because of the vast Chinese population residing and doing business in
the area.
The minimum wage of Metro
Manila
Manila is at ₱481 ($10.77) for
non-agricultural workers and at ₱444 ($9.94) for those working in
the agricultural sector,[54][55] the highest minimum wage among all
the 17 regions of the country.[56]
Central Business Districts[edit]
Ortigas Center
Ortigas Center is regarded as one of the three most important central
business districts in Metro Manila, the other two are the
Makati
Makati CBD
and the
Bonifacio Global City
Bonifacio Global City in Taguig.
Ayala Avenue, looking westward, in the
Makati
Makati Central Business
District.
The Makati,
Entertainment City
Entertainment City and Bay City Skylines from The Manila
Bay.
Metro
Manila
Manila has many central business districts (CBD), which
categorizes it under the multiple nuclei model in human geography
terms. The most prominent CBDs are the
Makati
Makati Central Business
District, Bonifacio Global City, Ortigas Center, Binondo, and Alabang.
The region also has plenty of mixed-use developments owned and
developed by private corporations such as the Ayala Corporation, Eton
Properties,
Megaworld Corporation
Megaworld Corporation and SM Prime Holdings.
Makati, the sixteenth most populous city in the Philippines, is the
premier business and commercial center of the Philippines. The Central
Business District is the headquarters to most of the multinational
corporations residing in the
Philippines
Philippines as well as the country's
biggest commercial firms and BPO companies.[57] The Central Business
District has an office stock of 1.1 million square meters of Grade A
and premium office space.[58] It is the home to the tallest
skyscrapers in the region as well as in the country.
Bonifacio Global City
Bonifacio Global City is the newest business district of
Manila
Manila and is
the premier financial and lifestyle center of the metropolis. It is
located in the north-western part of
Taguig
Taguig City. It used to be a
military base known as Fort Bonifacio. The Bases and Conversion
Development Authority (BCDA) privatized the property and its income
from the sale was intended to be used for the modernization of the
Armed Forces of the Philippines. Upon its privatization, the place was
transformed it into a business hub featuring numerous tourist
attractions such as The Mind Museum, high-end shops, towering office
skyscrapers, and luxurious lofts and condominiums. Bonifacio Global
City will soon overtake the
Makati
Makati Central Business District as the
premier financial center of the country in the future. One of the
reasons for it is that the
Philippine Stock Exchange
.png)
Philippine Stock Exchange will relocate its
headquarters in BGC. Also, it has more spaces and land for future
developments. It is also the most active business district, generating
over 50 percent of the growth in property market and has more
available space for rent or lease and sale than Makati.[58]
Ortigas Center
Ortigas Center is the central business district located in Mandaluyong
and Pasig, with a small portion of it located in
Quezon
Quezon City.
Landmarks in Ortigas include the EDSA Shrine, Shangri-La Plaza and the
SM Megamall. Furthermore,
The Medical City
The Medical City has its main campus in
Ortigas Center. Important financial and national institutions
headquartered in Ortigas are the Asian Development Bank, Union Bank of
The
Philippines
Philippines and the National Economic and Development Authority.
Ortigas is also the home to the headquarters of San Miguel
Corporation,
Jollibee
Jollibee Foods Corporation,
Lopez Group of Companies
Lopez Group of Companies and
The
Manila
Manila Electric Company.
Main Central Business Districts
Central Business District
Image
City/Municipality
Area
Makati
Makati Central Business District
Makati
Around 100 hectares (250 acres)
Ortigas Center
Shared between Pasig,
Mandaluyong
Mandaluyong and
Quezon
Quezon City
100 hectares (250 acres)
Bonifacio Global City
Taguig
240 hectares (590 acres)
Binondo
City of Manila
66 hectares (160 acres)
Alabang
Muntinlupa
806 hectares (1,990 acres)
Mixed-use
Mixed-use Developments
Name
Image
City/Municipality
Area
Developer
Cost
Reference(s)
Araneta Center
Quezon
Quezon City
35 hectares (86 acres)
The Araneta Group
Arca South
Taguig
74 hectares (180 acres)
Ayala Land
₱80 billion
Aseana City
Parañaque
204 hectares (500 acres)
Aseana Holdings Inc.
Ayala Center
Makati
Ayala Land
Bay City Reclamation Project (Boulevard 2000)
Shared between
Pasay
Pasay and Parañaque
200 hectares + 210 hectares + 73 hectares + 173 hectares[59]
626 hectares (1,550 acres)
Philippine Reclamation Authority
Capitol Commons
Pasig
10 hectares (25 acres)
Ortigas & Company
₱25-60 billion
Century City
Makati
3.4 hectares (8.4 acres)
Century Properties
Circuit Makati
Makati
21 hectares (52 acres)
Ayala Land
The Cloverleaf
Quezon
Quezon City
Ayala Land
Eastwood City
Quezon
Quezon City
17 hectares (42 acres)
Megaworld Corporation
Entertainment City
Parañaque
40 hectares (99 acres)
PAGCOR
Eton Centris
Quezon
Quezon City
12 hectares (30 acres)
Eton Properties
Greenfield District
Mandaluyong
15 hectares (37 acres)
Greenfield Development Corporation
Newport City
Pasay
25 hectares (62 acres)
Megaworld Corporation
Neopolitan Business Park
Quezon
Quezon City
22.29 hectares (55.1 acres)
Asia
Asia Pacific Group of Companies
Riverbanks Center
Marikina
23 hectares (57 acres)
Riverbanks Development Corporation
Robinsons Cybergate
Mandaluyong
25 hectares (62 acres)
Robinsons Land Corporation
Rockwell Center
Makati
15.5 hectares (38 acres)
Rockwell Land
San Lazaro Tourism and Business Park
City of Manila
16 hectares (40 acres)
Manila
Manila Jockey Club Investments Corp.
Triangle Park
(
Quezon City
Quezon City Central Business District)
Quezon
Quezon City
250 hectares (620 acres)
Quezon City
Quezon City Government
U.P.-
Ayala Land
Ayala Land TechnoHub
Quezon
Quezon City
38 hectares (94 acres)
Ayala Land
₱6 billion
Upcoming
Mixed-use
Mixed-use Developments
Name
City/Municipality
Area
Developer
Cost
Status
Arcovia City
Pasig
12.3 hectares (30 acres)
Megaworld Corporation
₱35 billion
Pre-construction
Circulo Verde
Pasig
10-12 hectares (30 acres)
Ortigas & Company
₱30 billion
Pre-construction
New
Manila
Manila Bay–City of Pearl
City of Manila
407.43 hectares (1,006.8 acres)
UAA Kinming
Planning stage
Ninoy Aquino Business Park
Las Piñas
15.922.5 hectares (56 acres)
Anchor Land Holdings
₱45 billion
Pre-construction
Northwoods City
Caloocan
Caloocan City
7.510.8 hectares (27 acres)
Vista Land Inc.
₱25 billion
Pre-construction
Ortigas East
Pasig
16 hectares (40 acres)
Ortigas & Company
₱50 billion
Pre-construction
South Park District
Muntinlupa
6.6 hectares (16 acres)
Ayala Land
₱12 billion
Under construction
Vertis North
Quezon
Quezon City
29 hectares (72 acres)
Ayala Land
₱65 billion
Under construction
Shopping[edit]
See also: List of shopping malls in Metro Manila
Aerial view of the SM Mall of
Asia
Asia Complex (2016)
Global Blue
Global Blue ranked
Manila
Manila as one of the "Best Shopping Destinations"
in Asia.[60][61] Metro
Manila
Manila is home to some of the largest shopping
malls in the world, three of which are in the top 10.
SM Megamall
SM Megamall in
Mandaluyong
Mandaluyong ranks as the 3rd largest shopping mall in the world,
followed by
SM City North EDSA
SM City North EDSA in
Quezon City
Quezon City bagging the 4th place.
Meanwhile, SM Mall of
Asia
Asia in
Pasay
Pasay ranks as the 9th largest shopping
mall in world. Other shopping malls in Metro
Manila
Manila in the list of the
largest shopping malls in Metro
Manila
Manila are the Ever Gotesco
Commonwealth Center, Festival Supermall, Greenbelt, Market! Market!,
SM Aura Premier,
SM Southmall
SM Southmall and TriNoma.
Tourism[edit]
Main article: Tourism in Manila
Gate of
Fort Santiago
Fort Santiago at the historic walled area of Intramuros, City
of Manila. (2013)
San Agustin Church, which was built in 1604 is a UNESCO World Heritage
Site.
Tourism is a vital industry of the region. Metro
Manila
Manila is the main
gateway to the Philippines. Trade and tourism represents 31.4% of
share of NCR's output by industry according to Brookings
Institution.[47] Metro
Manila
Manila welcomed 974,379 overnight visitors in
2012, making it the top overnight tourist destination of the
country.[62]
Manila
Manila is visited by the majority of international
tourists coming to the country registering a total of 3,139,756
arrivals in 2012.[63]
Metro
Manila
Manila has opened 4,612 hotel rooms in 2015. It is also expected
to exceed the 3,500 annual addition of hotel rooms in the next two
years.[64][65][66] Gambling in Metro
Manila
Manila has also become a popular
tourist attraction in the region. Metro
Manila
Manila is a popular gaming
destination in Asia,[67] rivaling other major gaming destinations such
as
Macau
Macau and Singapore.[68][69] There are around 20 casinos in the
metropolis,[70] featuring luxurious casino hotels and integrated
resorts. Its thriving local gambling market makes
Manila
Manila attractive to
casino operators.[71] Popular gaming destinations are Entertainment
City in Bay City,
Parañaque
Parañaque which contains the City of Dreams Manila
and Solaire Resort & Casino, and Newport City in Pasay.[72]
Okada
Manila
Manila is one of Metro Manila's integrated casino resort and
hotel complex.
Intramuros
Intramuros is the historic walled area within the modern City of
Manila. Originally, it was considered to be
Manila
Manila itself at the time
when the
Philippines
Philippines was under the
Spanish Empire
Spanish Empire colonial rule. Owing
to its history and cultural value,
Intramuros
Intramuros and
Rizal
Rizal Park were
designated as flagship destination to become a tourism enterprise zone
in the Tourism Act of 2009.[24]
Intramuros
Intramuros is managed by the
Intramuros
Intramuros Administration.
The architecture of
Intramuros
Intramuros reflects the Spanish colonial style and
the American neoclassical architectural style, since the Philippines
was a colony of
Spain
Spain and the
United States
United States before it was granted its
independence in 1946.
Kalesa
Kalesa is a popular mode of transportation in
Intramuros
Intramuros and nearby places[73] such as Binondo,
Ermita
Ermita and the Rizal
Park.
Popular tourist destinations in
Intramuros
Intramuros include the Baluarte de San
Diego, Club
Intramuros
Intramuros Golf Course, Cuartel de Santa Lucia, Fort
Santiago,
Manila
Manila Cathedral, Palacio Arzobispal, Palacio de Santa
Potenciana, Palacio del Gobernador, Plaza Mexico, Plaza de Roma, San
Agustin Church and its newest tourist attraction, the Ayuntamiento de
Manila.[74]
Some of the country's oldest schools are founded in Intramuros, these
are the
University of Santo Tomas
University of Santo Tomas (1611), Colegio de San Juan de
Letran (1620), and Ateneo de
Manila
Manila University (1859). Only Colegio de
San Juan de Letran (1620) remains at Intramuros; the University of
Santo Tomas transferred to a new campus at Sampaloc in 1927, and
Ateneo left
Intramuros
Intramuros for Loyola Heights,
Quezon City
Quezon City (while still
retaining "de Manila" in its name) in 1952. Other prominent
educational institutions include the
Manila
Manila High School and the
University of the City of Manila.
Culture and contemporary life[edit]
See also: List of Cultural Properties of the
Philippines
Philippines in Metro
Manila
Manila and Annual events in Metro Manila
Metro
Manila
Manila is widely celebrated in popular lore, frequently the
setting for mostly Filipino books, movies, and television programs.
Flores de Mayo
Flores de Mayo is widely celebrated throughout all the places in Metro
Manila. The yearly Metro
Manila
Manila Film Festival, inaugurated in 1966, is
the forerunner of all Philippine film festivals.
Arts[edit]
Main article: List of museums in Metro Manila
The
Tanghalang Pambansa
Tanghalang Pambansa at the Cultural Center of the Philippines
Complex (2007)
"Spoliarium", displayed at the National Museum of the Philippines
Metro
Manila
Manila is the home to the National Museum of the Philippines,
the national museum of the country. It operates a chain of museums
located in the grounds of
Rizal
Rizal Park just outside Intramuros, such as
the National Museum of Fine Arts, the National Museum of Anthropology
and the National Museum of Natural History. The National Museum
complex occupies the place and buildings that were a part of a new
capital center proposed by
Daniel Burnham
Daniel Burnham in 1901.
Prominent museums in Metro
Manila
Manila include the Ayala Museum, Bahay
Tsinoy, Casa Manila, Lopez Museum, Metropolitan Museum of Manila, The
Mind Museum, Museo Pambata, Museo Valenzuela, Museum of Philippine
Political History,
Pasig
Pasig City Museum and the
Rizal
Rizal Shrine. Museums
established by educational institutions are the Ateneo Art Gallery,
Jorge B. Vargas
Jorge B. Vargas Museum and Filipiniana Research Center, Museum of
Contemporary Art and Design,[75] UP Museum of a History of Ideas, and
the UST Museum of Arts and Sciences.
The national theater of the Philippines, known as the "Tanghalang
Pambansa", is situated on a 62-hectare (150-acre) cultural center
called the Cultural Center of the
Philippines
Philippines Complex. The complex is
located between the cities of
Manila
Manila and Pasay. Aside from the CCP,
other popular performing arts venue include Cuneta Astrodome, Mall of
Asia
Asia Arena,
Rizal
Rizal Park,
Quezon Memorial Circle
Quezon Memorial Circle and Smart Araneta
Coliseum. Other venues used are the UPFI Film Center and UP Theater in
the University of the
Philippines
Philippines Diliman. The famed Manila
Metropolitan Theater, also known as The Met, was constructed in 1931
and was known as the "Grand Dame" among all the Art Deco theaters of
Manila. Years of neglect forces its closure in 1996. The Met will be
restored through a tripartite agreement with the National Commission
for Culture and the Arts, the National Museum of the
Philippines
Philippines and
the Escuela Taller.
Sports[edit]
A
Philippine Basketball Association
Philippine Basketball Association game held at the Mall of Asia
Arena.
The National Capital Region is the home to the headquarters of the
ASEAN
Basketball
Basketball League,
Baseball
Baseball Philippines, Philippine Basketball
Association, Philippine Super Liga,
Shakey's V-League
Shakey's V-League and the
Philippines
Philippines
Football
Football League. Collegiate leagues based in the National
Capital Region are the Colleges and Universities Sports Association,
National Athletic Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities,
National Collegiate Athletic Association, National Capital Region
Athletic Association, State Colleges and Universities Athletic
Association, Universities and Colleges Athletic Association,
University Athletic Association of the Philippines, Women's National
Collegiate Athletic Association and the Men's National Collegiate
Athletic Association.
Two national sports complex is located in the region, the Rizal
Memorial Sports Complex and the PhilSports Complex. The Wack Wack Golf
and Country Club has hosted major tournaments such as the Philippine
Open and the World Cup. Prominent sporting venues in Metro Manila
include the Smart Araneta Coliseum, Mall of
Asia
Asia Arena, Filoil Flying
V Arena and the Cuneta Astrodome. The Greater
Manila
Manila Area is also home
to the Philippine Arena, the world's largest indoor arena.[76] It is
located in Bocaue,
Bulacan
Bulacan and it has a maximum capacity of 55,000
people.[77]
Metro Manila's, and in general the country's main sport is basketball.
Another popular sport in the city are cue sports, and billiard halls
are found in many places. Baseball, volleyball, football and swimming
are also widely played sports. NCR has been the champion of the
Palarong Pambansa
Palarong Pambansa for 13 straight years.[78]
Manila
Manila Storm are a rugby
league team training out of
Rizal
Rizal Park (Luneta Park) and playing home
matches at the Southern Plains Field, Calamba, Laguna. The Metro
Manila
Manila area is also home to a number of rugby union teams such as the
Alabang
Alabang Eagles,
Makati
Makati Mavericks,
Manila
Manila Nomads Sports Club and the
Manila
Manila Hapons.
Human resources[edit]
Education[edit]
See also: List of universities and colleges in Metro Manila
University of the
Philippines
Philippines Diliman is the flagship campus of the
University of the
Philippines
Philippines since 1949.
The University of Santo Tomas, established in 1611, has the oldest
extant university charter in Asia.
Since the Spanish colonial period,
Manila
Manila has been the center of
education. The
University of Santo Tomas
University of Santo Tomas (1611), Colegio de San Juan
de Letran (1620) and Ateneo de
Manila
Manila University (1859) are some of
the oldest educational institutions that was established during the
colonial period. The University of the Philippines, along with seven
other State Universities and Colleges (SUC), namely the Eulogio
"Amang" Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology, Marikina
Polytechnic College, Philippine Normal University, Philippine State
College of Aeronautics, Polytechnic University of the Philippines,
Rizal
Rizal Technological University and the Technological University of the
Philippines, are based in Metro Manila. Manila's
University Belt
University Belt form
the largest concentration of higher education institutes in the
Philippines, making
Manila
Manila the center for higher learning in the
country.
Prominent secondary schools in Metro
Manila
Manila include the Philippine
Science High School in Diliman,
Quezon
Quezon City, the national science
school of the
Philippines
Philippines and the
Manila
Manila Science High School in
Ermita, the forerunner of all the science schools in the country.
Primary and secondary education is in the region is governed by the
Department of Education-National Capital Region (DepEd-NCR).
Meanwhile, the higher educational institutions are under the
CHED-National Capital Region.
NCR has the highest literacy rate among all the regions of the
Philippines, with 99.2% in 2008. Literacy rate for males is at 99.0%
while literacy rate for females is at 99.4%.[79] For the school year
of 2008–2009, Metro
Manila
Manila has 511 public elementary schools and 220
public secondary schools. There are 309 tertiary (public and private)
institutions as of the year-end of 2009. For the said school year,
enrollment in public elementary schools is at 1,219,333, public
secondary schools at 661,019 and 687,096 for tertiary (public and
private) institutions.[46]
Public health[edit]
See also: List of hospitals in Metro Manila
St. Luke's Medical Center
St. Luke's Medical Center – Global City in Taguig, named as one of
the best hospitals in the world.
Healthcare in NCR is mostly provided by private corporations. 72% of
Metro Manila's hospitals are privately owned. As of 2009[update], the
region has 179 hospitals.
Quezon City
Quezon City has the most number of hospitals
while Valenzuela and Pateros do not have any.[80] In 2008, government
health workers in NCR comprises 590 doctors, 498 dentists, 4,576
nurses, and 17,437 midwives. Furthermore, Metro
Manila
Manila has 27,779 beds
with a ratio of 2.47 per 1,000 population as of 2008[update].[81] NCR
has the lowest malnutrition rate among all the regions in the
country.[82]
The headquarters of the
World Health Organization
World Health Organization Regional Office for
the Western Pacific, and the
World Health Organization
World Health Organization Country Office
for the
Philippines
Philippines are in NCR. The main office of the Department of
Health, the national health department, is also in the region.
NCR is designated by the Department of Health as the pioneer of
medical tourism, expecting it to generate $1 billion in revenue
annually.[83] However, lack of progressive health system, inadequate
infrastructure and the unstable political environment are seen as
hindrances for its growth.[84] Under the Philippine Medical Tourism
Program, there are 16 participating hospitals (private and public) in
Metro
Manila
Manila with a total number of 6,748 beds as of 2013[update].[85]
Five out of six hospitals in the country accredited by the Joint
Commission International are in the region, these are the Asian
Hospital and Medical Center,
Makati
Makati Medical Center, St. Luke's Medical
Center – Global City,
St. Luke's Medical Center
St. Luke's Medical Center –
Quezon City
Quezon City and
The Medical City.[86]
East Avenue in
Quezon City
Quezon City is the location of prominent national
health centers: the Lung Center of the Philippines, National Kidney
and Transplant Institute, and the Philippine Heart Center. Other
national special hospital in Metro
Manila
Manila include the Philippine
Orthopedic Center in
Quezon
Quezon City, and the National Center for Mental
Health in Mandaluyong. The Philippine General Hospital, the country's
premier state-owned tertiary hospital is located at the City of
Manila. The
St. Luke's Medical Center
St. Luke's Medical Center which operates in
Quezon
Quezon City
and Taguig, is a private tertiary referral hospital cited as one of
the best hospitals in the world.[87][88]
Public safety[edit]
Camp Crame
Camp Crame is the headquarters of the Philippine National Police
The
Philippine National Police
Philippine National Police is responsible for law enforcement in
the country. Its headquarters is located at
Camp Crame
Camp Crame along Bonny
Serrano Avenue,
Quezon
Quezon City. The National Capital Region Police Office
(NCRPO) is the regional branch of PNP that operates in NCR. Its
headquarters is located at Camp Bagong Diwa in Bicutan, Taguig. Under
the supervision of NCRPO, Metro
Manila
Manila is divided into five police
districts. The five police districts are the Northern Police District
(Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela), Eastern Police District
(Mandaluyong, Marikina, Pasig, San Juan),
Manila
Manila Police District (City
of Manila), Southern Police District (Las Piñas, Makati, Muntinlupa,
Parañaque, Pasay, Taguig, and Pateros) and
Quezon City
Quezon City Police
District (
Quezon
Quezon City).[89]
Metro
Manila
Manila has the highest rate of crime in the country in 2014,
with 59,448 crimes reported (excluding crimes reported in barangay
level) with 25,353 of these crimes committed against persons.[90]
Following criticisms of high crime rate in Metro Manila, the
Philippine National Police
Philippine National Police launched a relentless anti-crime drive that
resulted in the decrease of crimes in the metropolis.[91][92] As of
March 2015 Metro Manila's crime rate is down by 50%. From an average
of 919 crimes reported weekly, it has gone down to 412. Recorded
robberies and theft also decreased by 63 in just a month.[93] All the
159 police community precincts of Metro
Manila
Manila will be using the
electronic blotter system in recording crimes starting June 2015.[94]
The Bureau of Fire Protection National Capital Region provides fire
protection and technical rescue as well as emergency medical services
to the metropolis. It is broadly organized into five firefighting
districts: Manila,
Quezon
Quezon City, District II, District III and District
IV.
The headquarters of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines
Philippines is located at
Camp Aguinaldo, along with the Department of National Defense, in
Murphy,
Quezon
Quezon City. Aside from Camp Aguinaldo, other military bases
situated in the region are
Camp Atienza
Camp Atienza and Fort Bonifacio. The
Philippine Army
Philippine Army has their headquarters at Fort Bonifacio, Taguig. The
Villamor Air Base
Villamor Air Base in
Ninoy Aquino International Airport
Ninoy Aquino International Airport is the home to
the headquarters of the
Philippine Air Force
Philippine Air Force while the headquarters of
the
Philippine Navy
Philippine Navy is located at Roxas Boulevard, Malate, Manila.
The
Philippine Coast Guard
.svg/440px-Philippine_Coast_Guard_(PCG).svg.png)
Philippine Coast Guard is headquartered at Port Area (
Manila
Manila South
Harbor), City of Manila.Its Coast Guard NCR District also has its
headquarters in the city and has another Coast Guard Station in Pasig.
It also has a base in
Taguig
Taguig and maintains several detachments located
in Navotas, Parañaque, Tangos, Vitas,
Manila
Manila North Harbor, Manila
South Harbor and the Cultural Center of the Philippines.[95]
In 2012, the
AFP Joint Task Force-National Capital Region
AFP Joint Task Force-National Capital Region was launched
to ensure peace and stability in Metro Manila, bearing the same
function of the deactivated National Capital Regional Command,
although it operates on a much smaller size than its predecessor.[96]
Infrastructure[edit]
Transportation[edit]
Main article: Transportation in Metro Manila
See also: Metro
Manila
Manila Dream Plan
According to the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board,
public ridership in Metro
Manila
Manila composes of the following: 46% of the
people go around by jeepneys, 32% by private vehicle, 14% by bus, and
8% use the railway system.[97] Transportation development in Metro
Manila
Manila follows the Metro
Manila
Manila Dream Plan, which consists of building
short-term to long-term infrastructure lasting up to 2030 and
addressing its issues on traffic, land use and environment.[98][99]
Roads and highways[edit]
Main article: List of roads in Metro Manila
A flyover at EDSA on its intersection with
Quezon
Quezon Avenue.
The roads of Metro
Manila
Manila is built around the City of Manila. Roads
are classified as local, national or subdivision roads. There are ten
radial roads branching out from the city. Also there are five
circumferential roads forming a series of concentric semi-circular
arcs around Manila. The circumferential and radial roads are systems
of interconnected roads, bridges and highways. A problem with the
circumferential roads are the missing road links. These are the roads
that are not constructed (yet) to give way for development due to
Metro Manila's rapid urbanization. The metropolis is resolving this
problem through the completion of missing road links or through the
construction of connector roads.
An important circumferential road is the Circumferential Road 4, the
Epifanio de los Santos Avenue
_sign.svg/400px-Epifanio_de_los_Santos_Avenue_(EDSA)_sign.svg.png)
Epifanio de los Santos Avenue or more popularly known as EDSA. It
traverses the cities of Pasay, Makati, Mandaluyong,
Quezon City
Quezon City and
Caloocan. MRT Line 3 follows the alignment of EDSA, from Taft Avenue
in
Pasay
Pasay up to TriNoma, terminating before it reaches Caloocan.
Circumferential Road 5
Circumferential Road 5 serves the people near the regional limits of
Metro
Manila
Manila and also serves as an alternate route for Circumferential
Road 4.
Prominent radial road include the Radial Road 1, composed of Roxas
Boulevard and the Manila-
Cavite
Cavite Expressway (Coastal Road) that
connects Metro
Manila
Manila to Cavite, Radial Road 3 or the South Luzon
Expressway that connects Metro
Manila
Manila to Laguna, Radial Road 6,
composed of Aurora Boulevard and Marcos Highway that runs up to Rizal
and Radial Road 8 or the North
Luzon
Luzon Expressway that serves as the
gateway to the north.
The radial and circumferential road system are being supplanted by a
new numbered highway system implemented by the Department of Public
Works and Highways, and new signage are being placed with its
implementation. Expressways are being signed with numbers with the E
prefix. National roads are assigned 1 to 3 digit numbers, except for
those classified as tertiary national roads.
The development of roads, highways and expressways are based on the
Metro
Manila
Manila Dream Plan. Ongoing projects in the dream plan include
the rehabilitation of EDSA, Skyway Stage 3 and the construction of the
missing road links for the circumferential roads (e.g. Taft Avenue
Flyover, Metro
Manila
Manila Interchange Project Phase IV).
Railway systems[edit]
Further information:
Manila
Manila Light Rail Transit System and
Manila
Manila Metro
Rail Transit System
The Santolan Station of the LRT Line 2.
Metro
Manila
Manila has three rapid transit lines. The
Manila
Manila Light Rail
Transit System (LRT) operates the LRT Line 1 (Green Line) and the LRT
Line 2 (Blue Line). On the other hand, the
Manila
Manila Metro Rail Transit
System operates the MRT Line 3 (Yellow Line) which traverses EDSA. The
Philippine National Railways
.svg/440px-Philippine_National_Railways_(PNR).svg.png)
Philippine National Railways operates a commuter rail service in Metro
Manila
Manila called the PNR Metro South Commuter. Its main terminal,
Tutuban, is located in Tondo. The most troublesome metro line is the
MRT Line 3 which has been plagued with frequent and severe
disruptions.
Line 1 has a weekly ridership of 560,000 people,[100] while Line 2 has
a weekly ridership of 200,000. While in MRT Line 3 serves roughly
650,000 weekly. In February 2014, a total of 14.06 million passengers
took Line 1 while 6.13 million took Line 2.[101]
To improve rail transport within the region, several railway projects
were undertaken by the national government. The Metro
Manila
Manila Subway
(MMS) is slated to start its construction in 2018 and was expected to
be partially completed by 2022. MMS Phase 1 is expected to be
completed by 2025. Currently, the MRT Line 7 (Red Line) is under
construction. When completed, it will connect Metro
Manila
Manila to the
province of Bulacan. Furthermore, a Common Station, connecting LRT
Line 1, MRT Line 3 , the future MRT 7 , and the Future subway is
planned, although bureaucracy in the Department of Transportation and
Communications, corporate feud and issues related to its proposed
location are hindrances of its construction.[102][103][104][105] LRT
Line 1 is planned to be extended up to
Bacoor
Bacoor in the province of
Cavite.[100] A second extension, the LRT Line 6, would link Bacoor
with
Dasmarinas
Dasmarinas further along Aguinaldo Highway. The LRT Line 2 East
Extension Project is on-going while the proposed West Extension
Project is in the planning stage. The east extension will connect
Metro
Manila
Manila to the province of Rizal. The westward extension will
increase connectivity to areas of
Divisoria
Divisoria and in Pier 4 at the Port
of Manila. The West Extension Project will have an interchange with
PNR Tutuban Station, which may become the busiest interchange station
in the region, adding another 400,000 people from the current 1
million people Tutuban Center attracts.[106]
Air[edit]
Ninoy Aquino International Airport
Ninoy Aquino International Airport Terminal 3
Ninoy Aquino International Airport
Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) is the only airport and the
premier gateway in Metro Manila. It is the busiest airport in the
Philippines.[107] NAIA has four terminals: Terminal 1, Terminal 2
(which is exclusively used by the Philippine Airlines), Terminal 3
(the newest and largest airport terminal in NAIA) and Terminal 4 (also
known as the
Manila
Manila Domestic Passenger Terminal). The other airport
that serves Metro
Manila
Manila is the
Clark International Airport
.svg/400px-Clark_International_Airport_(CRK).svg.png)
Clark International Airport in
Angeles, Pampanga
Angeles, Pampanga which is located 80 kilometers away.
Buses[edit]
Bus franchises in the region are regulated by the Land Transportation
Franchising and Regulatory Board. The Express Connect Bus is the
express bus system that runs from its dispatch terminal in Fairview up
to the central business districts along EDSA. It aims to cut travel
time substantially and provide a faster, safer and more convenient bus
service to commuters, who are usually caught at the heavy traffic
across the metropolis.[108][109] A second express bus link from SM
North EDSA,
Trinoma
Trinoma and
SM Megamall
SM Megamall to
Makati
Makati City opened in December
2015, and by January 2016 was the line on which, for the first time in
nearly three decades, a double-decker bus traveled on EDSA, to the
delight of motorists, followed by a 3rd link, this time from Robinsons
Galleria to the
Ayala Center
Ayala Center complex in February 2016 and a 4th in
March linking the
Ayala Center
Ayala Center to the
Alabang
Alabang Town Center in
Muntinlupa
Muntinlupa via the Metro
Manila
Manila Skyway. As of the present express
buses also link the Market Market mall and Circuit
Makati
Makati to both the
Nuvali residential township and the Pacita Village complex in San
Pedro, both in Laguna, in services launched in 2014 and 2017,
respectively (plus an additional service to the UP Town Mall), while
intercity express buses have been in operation since 2015 to alleviate
traffic on EDSA.
Metro
Manila
Manila will have its bus rapid transit system operational by
2018. The 27.7 kilometer proposed BRT system will traverse
Commonwealth Avenue up to the
Manila
Manila City Hall. The planned BRT system
costs ₱4.9 billion ($109.5 million) and will have a fleet of 300
buses and 32 stations.[110][111]
Ferry[edit]
Main article:
Pasig
Pasig River
Ferry
Ferry Service
The
Pasig
Pasig River
Ferry
Ferry Service run by the Metropolitan Manila
Development Authority is the principal ferry shuttle system of Metro
Manila. It traverses the
Pasig
Pasig River from
Barangay
Barangay Pinagbuhatan in
Pasig
Pasig to Plaza
Mexico
Mexico in Intramuros. Although it was referred to as a
ferry, it is more akin to a water bus. It has 17 stations, but only 14
are operational. Another ferry route called the Manila-
Bataan
Bataan Ferry
was launched on May 10, 2017 and traverses
Manila
Manila Bay from the Bay
Terminal at CCP Complex in
Manila
Manila to Orion, Bataan. A new ferry route
known as the Cavite-
Manila
Manila
Ferry
Ferry Service that runs between Noveleta,
Cavite
Cavite and
Intramuros
Intramuros was launched in January 2018.
Utilities[edit]
Further information: Water privatization in Metro Manila
Water zones for Metro
Manila
Manila and the surrounding areas. Maynilad Water
Services operates in the red areas while
Manila
Manila Water operates in the
blue areas.
Meralco
Meralco is the sole electric distributor of Metro Manila. It generates
its power from the
National Power Corporation
.svg/400px-National_Power_Corporation_(NAPOCOR).svg.png)
National Power Corporation and other independent
power producers in Luzon. The Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage
System (MWSS) was responsible for the supply and delivery of potable
water and the sewarage system in Metro Manila. It was privatized in
1997 and the region and its immediate surrounding areas was split into
the east and west concession. The winning corporations provides the
same function of MWSS.
The
Maynilad Water Services
Maynilad Water Services took over the west zone, which is composed
of
Manila
Manila (excluding the southeastern part of the city), Caloocan, Las
Piñas, Malabon, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Parañaque,
Pasay
Pasay and
Valenzuela. It also operates in some parts of
Makati
Makati and
Quezon
Quezon City.
Manila
Manila Water operates on the east zone, comprising the cities of
Mandaluyong, Marikina, Pasig, Pateros, San Juan and Taguig. It also
operates in large areas of
Makati
Makati and
Quezon City
Quezon City and the southeastern
part of Manila, which was excluded from the west zone.
For garbage hauling, the region spent ₱4.221 billion ($93.855
million) in 2013.
Quezon City
Quezon City spent the most at ₱994.59 million
($22.115 million) while Pateros, NCR's only municipality, spent the
least amount of money on garbage at ₱9.478 million ($210,747).[112]
See also[edit]
Outline of Metro Manila
List of metropolitan areas in Asia
Greater
Manila
Manila Area
Imperial Manila
Mega Manila
Geography portal
Asia
Asia portal
Philippines
Philippines portal
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