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''Merkhav Mugan'' ( he, מרחב מוגן) (lit. protected space), also known as a "miklat" and popularly known as a ''mammad'', is a reinforced security room required in all new buildings by
Security rooms are based on a 1951 civil defense law that has undergone several revisions. After Israel was attacked by
''Merkhav Mugan'' ( he, מרחב מוגן) (lit. protected space), also known as a "miklat" and popularly known as a ''mammad'', is a reinforced security room required in all new buildings by Israel
Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
i law. A ''Merkhav Mugan'' is deemed preferable to a bomb shelter
A bomb shelter is a structure designed to provide protection against the effects of a bomb.
Types of shelter
Different kinds of bomb shelters are configured to protect against different kinds of attack and strengths of hostile explosives.
Air ...
when the warning time is too short for residents to reach a shelter, which may be located some distance away. It also offers protection against high impact projectiles
A projectile is an object that is propelled by the application of an external force and then moves freely under the influence of gravity and air resistance. Although any objects in motion through space are projectiles, they are commonly found i ...
and chemical weapon
A chemical weapon (CW) is a specialized munition that uses chemicals formulated to inflict death or harm on humans. According to the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), this can be any chemical compound intended as a ...
s.
History
Security rooms are based on a 1951 civil defense law that has undergone several revisions. After Israel was attacked by Scud missiles
A Scud missile is one of a series of tactical ballistic missiles developed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. It was exported widely to both Second and Third World countries. The term comes from the NATO reporting name attached to the mis ...
in the Gulf War
The Gulf War was a 1990–1991 armed campaign waged by a Coalition of the Gulf War, 35-country military coalition in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Spearheaded by the United States, the coalition's efforts against Ba'athist Iraq, ...
, the Israeli Home Front Command
The Home Front Command ( he, פיקוד העורף, ''Pikud HaOref'') is an Israel Defense Forces regional command, created in February 1992 in response to the lessons of the Gulf War,civil defense. In 1992, technical specifications were drawn up for designated protected spaces in family homes. The Merkhav Mugan can withstand blast and shrapnel from conventional weapons, and offers protection against chemical and
Responsibility for Miklat Zibury and Miklat in a Condominium
* ''Miklat BeBayit Meshutaf'' (מקלט בבית משותף) – lit. shelter in a condominium, a facility built into a building which has been declared as a condominium (commonly in a 
* ''Merkhav Mugan Komati'' (מרחב מוגן קומתי or ממ"ק) – common floor space in apartment buildings in which there is no ''Merkhav Mugan Dirati'' in every apartment and in other multi-storey buildings (mostly offices and industry).
* 
''Merkhav Mugan Mosadi'' (מרחב מוגן מוסדי or ממ"מ) – installed in every public structure.
biological weapons
A biological agent (also called bio-agent, biological threat agent, biological warfare agent, biological weapon, or bioweapon) is a bacterium, virus, protozoan, parasite, fungus, or toxin that can be used purposefully as a weapon in bioterrorism ...
. It has reinforced concrete walls and ceilings, 20–30 cm thick floors, and airtight steel doors and windows.
Types
* ''Miklat Tzibury'' (מקלט ציבורי) – lit. public shelter, a partly underground facility, installed in residential areas. They are commonly used for community needs (clubs, education etc). Maintained by the local governance and Home Front. They are located in streets and near public facilities.
* ''Miklat BeBayit Meshutaf'' (מקלט בבית משותף) – lit. shelter in a condominium, a facility built into a building which has been declared as a condominium (commonly in a low-rise building
A low-rise is a building that is only a few stories tall or any building that is shorter than a high-rise, though others include the classification of mid-rise.
Definition
Emporis defines a low-rise as "an enclosed structure below 35 metres 15 ...
) it includes all the facilities that a public shelter has, but is maintained by the building residents.
* ''Merkhav Mugan Dirati'' (מרחב מוגן דירתי or ממ"ד) – installed in residential apartments and private houses.
* ''Merkhav Mugan Komati'' (מרחב מוגן קומתי or ממ"ק) – common floor space in apartment buildings in which there is no ''Merkhav Mugan Dirati'' in every apartment and in other multi-storey buildings (mostly offices and industry).
* ''Merkhav Mugan Mosadi'' (מרחב מוגן מוסדי or ממ"מ) – installed in every public structure.
See also
*Architecture of Israel
The architecture of Israel has been influenced by the different architectural styles of those who have inhabited the country over time, sometimes modified to suit the local climate and landscape. Byzantine churches, Crusader castles, Isl ...
References
{{reflist Civil defense Emergency management in Israel