''Maytenus''
[''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607] is a genus of
flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants t ...
s in the family
Celastraceae
The Celastraceae (staff-vine or bittersweet) are a family of 97 genera and 1,350 species of herbs, vines, shrubs and small trees, belonging to the order Celastrales. The great majority of the genera are tropical, with only ''Celastrus'' (the sta ...
. Members of the genus are distributed throughout
Central
Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center of some place or (mathematical) object.
Central may also refer to:
Directions and generalised locations
* Central Africa, a region in the centre of Africa continent, also known a ...
and
South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the sou ...
,
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical south-eastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of mainland ...
,
Micronesia
Micronesia (, ) is a subregion of Oceania, consisting of about 2,000 small islands in the western Pacific Ocean. It has a close shared cultural history with three other island regions: the Philippines to the west, Polynesia to the east, ...
and
Australasia
Australasia is a region that comprises Australia, New Zealand and some neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. The term is used in a number of different contexts, including geopolitically, physiogeographically, philologically, and ecologic ...
, the
Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or ~19.8% of the water on Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia to the east. To the south it is bounded by ...
and
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...
. They grow in a very wide variety of climates, from tropical to subpolar. The traditional circumscription of ''Maytenus'' is
paraphyletic
In taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be paraphyletic ''with respect to'' the excluded subgroups. In ...
, so many species have been transferred to ''
Denhamia'', ''
Gymnosporia
''Gymnosporia'' is an Old World genus of plants, that comprise suffrutices, shrubs and trees. It was formerly considered congeneric with ''Maytenus'', but more recent investigations separated it based on the presence of achyblasts (truncated bra ...
'', ''
Monteverdia'', and ''Tricerma''.
Selected species
* ''
Maytenus abbottii''
A.E.van Wyk
* ''
Maytenus acuminata
''Maytenus acuminata'' (also called the silky bark, umNama or Sybas) is a variable, medium-sized, evergreen tree indigenous to Africa, including South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmos ...
''
(L.f.) Loes.
* ''
Maytenus boaria''
Molina (
type species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specim ...
)
* ''
Maytenus buxifolia''
(A.Rich.) Griseb. (
West Indies
The West Indies is a subregion of North America, surrounded by the North Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea that includes 13 independent island countries and 18 dependencies and other territories in three major archipelagos: the Greate ...
)
* ''
Maytenus canariensis''
(Loes.) G. Kunkel & Sunding
* ''
Maytenus curtissii''
(King
King is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts. The female equivalent is queen regnant, queen, which title is also given to the queen consort, consort of a king.
*In the context of prehistory, antiquity and contempora ...
) Ding Hou
* ''
Maytenus hookeri''
Loes.
* ''
Maytenus jamesonii''
Briq.
* ''
Maytenus lucidus''
* ''
Maytenus magellanica''
( Lam.) Hook.f.
Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (30 June 1817 – 10 December 1911) was a British botanist and explorer in the 19th century. He was a founder of geographical botany and Charles Darwin's closest friend. For twenty years he served as director of t ...
* ''
Maytenus obtusifolia''
* ''
Maytenus octogona''
* ''
Maytenus oleoides''
Loes.
* ''
Maytenus oleosa''
A.E.van Wyk & R.H.Archer
* ''
Maytenus phyllanthoides''
Benth. – Florida mayten, guttapercha mayten
* ''
Maytenus procumbens'' (L.f.)
Loes.
* ''
Maytenus reynosioides''
Urb.
* ''
Maytenus undata''
(Thunb.) Blakelock
* ''
Maytenus vitis-idaea'' – Indian's salt
* ''
Maytenus williamsii''
A.Molina
Undescribed species:
*
''Maytenus'' sp. nov. A Miller (Yemen)
Formerly placed here
* ''
Denhamia bilocularis''
(F.Muell.) M.P. Simmons[ – Orangebark][ – Koonkara][
* '' Denhamia disperma'' (F.Muell.) M.P. Simmons][
* '' Denhamia fasciculiflora'' (Jessup) M.P. Simmons][
* '' Denhamia ferdinandi'' (Jessup) M.P. Simmons][
* '' Denhamia silvestris'' (Lander & L.A.S.Johnson) M.P. Simmons][ – Narrow-leaved orangebark, orange bark, orange bush][
* '' Gymnosporia addat'' Loes.
* '' Gymnosporia austroyunnanensis'' (S.J. Pei & Y.H. Li) M.P. Simmons
* '' Gymnosporia dhofarensis'' ( Sebsebe) Jordaan
* '' Gymnosporia diversifolia'' Maxim. (as ''M. diversifolia'' (Maxim.) Ding Hou)
* '' Gymnosporia harenensis'' (Sebsebe) Jordaan
* '' Gymnosporia heterophylla'' (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Loes. (as ''M. heterophylla'' (Eckl. & Zeyh.) N. Robson)
* '' Gymnosporia nemorosa'' (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Szyszyl. (as ''M. nemorosa'' (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Marais)
* '' Gymnosporia rothiana'' (Walp.) Wight & Arn. ex M.A.Lawson (as ''M. rothiana'' (Walp.) Lobr.-Callen)
* '' Gymnosporia royleana'' Wall. ex M.A.Lawson (as ''M. royleana'' (Wall. ex M. A. Lawson) Cufod.)
* '' Gymnosporia senegalensis'' (Lam.) Loes. (as ''M. senegalensis'' (Lam.) Exell)
* '' Gymnosporia thomsonii'' Kurz (as ''M. thomsonii'' (Kurz) V.S.Raju & Babu)][
* '' Monteverdia clarendonensis'' ( Britton) Biral][
* '' Monteverdia crassipes'' (]Urb.
Ignatz Urban (7 January 1848 – 7 January 1931) was a German botanist. He is known for his contributions to the flora of the Caribbean and Brazil, and for his work as curator of the Berlin Botanical Garden. Born the son of a brewer, Urban sho ...
) Biral[
* '' Monteverdia cymosa'' (Krug & Urban) Biral][ – Caribbean mayten
* '' Monteverdia eggersii'' (Loes.) Biral][
* '' Monteverdia elongata'' (Urban) Biral][ – Puerto Rico mayten
* '' Monteverdia harrisii'' (Krug & Urb.) Biral][
* '' Monteverdia ilicifolia'' (]Mart.
Carl Friedrich Philipp (Karl Friedrich Philipp) von Martius (17 April 1794 – 13 December 1868) was a German botanist and explorer.
Life
Martius was born at Erlangen, the son of Prof Ernst Wilhelm Martius, court apothecary.
He graduated PhD f ...
ex Reissek) Biral[
* '' Monteverdia jefeana'' ( Lundell) Biral][
* '' Monteverdia krukovii'' (A.C. Sm.) Biral][
* '' Monteverdia laevigata'' (Vahl) Biral][ – White cinnamon
* '' Monteverdia laevis'' (Reissek) Biral][
* '' Monteverdia macrocarpa'' (Ruiz & Pav.) Biral][
* '' Monteverdia manabiensis'' (Loes.) Biral][
* '' Monteverdia matudae'' (Lundell) Biral][
* '' Monteverdia microcarpa'' ( Fawc. & Rendle) Biral][
* '' Monteverdia ponceana'' ( Britt.) Biral][
* '' Monteverdia quadrangulata'' (Schrad.) Biral][
* '' Monteverdia robusta'' (Reissek) Biral][
* '' Monteverdia stipitata'' (Lundell) Biral][
]
Cultivation and uses
'' Maytenus boaria'' and '' Maytenus magellanica'' are the most known species in Europe and the United States because these are the most cold-tolerant trees of this mostly tropical
The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in
the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ...
genus. The bark of '' Maytenus krukovii'' has a variety of documented medicinal properties; it is also sometimes admixed into decoctions of ayahuasca
AyahuascaPronounced as in the UK and in the US. Also occasionally known in English as ''ayaguasca'' ( Spanish-derived), ''aioasca'' (Brazilian Portuguese-derived), or as ''yagé'', pronounced or . Etymologically, all forms but ''yagé'' desce ...
.
References
Flora of Pakistan
Celastrales genera
Ayahuasca
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
{{Celastraceae-stub