Max Klinger (18 February 1857 – 5 July 1920) was a German artist who produced significant work in painting, sculpture, prints and graphics, as well as writing a treatise articulating his ideas on art and the role of graphic arts and printmaking in relation to painting. He is associated with

symbolism Symbolism or symbolist may refer to: Arts * Symbolism (arts), a 19th-century movement rejecting Realism ** Symbolist movement in Romania, symbolist literature and visual arts in Romania during the late 19th and early 20th centuries ** Russian sym ...

, the

Vienna Secession The Vienna Secession (german: Wiener Secession; also known as ''the Union of Austrian Artists'', or ''Vereinigung Bildender Künstler Österreichs'') is an art movement, closely related to Art Nouveau, that was formed in 1897 by a group of Austr ...

, and

Jugendstil ''Jugendstil'' ("Youth Style") was an artistic movement, particularly in the decorative arts, that was influential primarily in Germany and elsewhere in Europe to a lesser extent from about 1895 until about 1910. It was the German counterpart of ...

(Youth Style) the German manifestation of Art Nouveau. He is best known today for his many prints, particularly a series entitled '' Paraphrase on the Finding of a Glove'' and his monumental sculptural installation in homage to Beethoven at the Vienna Secession in 1902.Delevoy, Robert L. (1978) ''Symbolists and Symbolism''. Skira/Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., New York, 247 pp. Cassou, Jean (1979) ''The Concise Encyclopedia of Symbolism''. Chartwell Books, Inc., Secaucus, New Jersey, 292 pp

Life

Klinger was born in

Leipzig Leipzig ( , ; Upper Saxon: ) is the most populous city in the German state of Saxony. Leipzig's population of 605,407 inhabitants (1.1 million in the larger urban zone) as of 2021 places the city as Germany's eighth most populous, as wel ...

, Germany to a wealthy and prominent family. He enrolled in the Academy of Fine Arts in

Karlsruhe Karlsruhe ( , , ; South Franconian: ''Kallsruh'') is the third-largest city of the German state (''Land'') of Baden-Württemberg after its capital of Stuttgart and Mannheim, and the 22nd-largest city in the nation, with 308,436 inhabitants. ...

in 1874 where he was a pupil of Karl (or Carl) Gussow. When Gussow left Karlsruhe to become the Director of the Academy of Fine Arts in Berlin, Klinger moved to Berlin as well to complete his studies there. Klinger shared a studio with Christian Krohg and the two had a mutual admiration for French naturalist authors like

Émile Zola Émile Édouard Charles Antoine Zola (, also , ; 2 April 184029 September 1902) was a French novelist, journalist, playwright, the best-known practitioner of the literary school of naturalism, and an important contributor to the development of ...

and

Gustave Flaubert Gustave Flaubert ( , , ; 12 December 1821 – 8 May 1880) was a French novelist. Highly influential, he has been considered the leading exponent of literary realism in his country. According to the literary theorist Kornelije Kvas, "in Flauber ...

, who explored the shadowy aspects of urban life and the hypocrisy of society and the bourgeoisie in their novels.Salsbury, Britany. (2000)
“''The Graphic Art of Max Klinger''.”
In ''Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History''. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. (accessed December 8, 2020). At that time

realism Realism, Realistic, or Realists may refer to: In the arts *Realism (arts), the general attempt to depict subjects truthfully in different forms of the arts Arts movements related to realism include: *Classical Realism *Literary realism, a move ...

was the prevailing style in Germany and

Arnold Böcklin Arnold Böcklin (16 October 182716 January 1901) was a Swiss symbolist painter. Biography He was born in Basel. His father, Christian Frederick Böcklin (b. 1802), was descended from an old family of Schaffhausen, and engaged in the silk tra ...

was one of the few artist active there that Klinger felt a close affinity to. Klinger graduated from the Academy in 1877. He was drawn to and studied the etchings and prints of many masters that were more aligned with his sensibilities including Dürer,

Rembrandt Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (, ; 15 July 1606 – 4 October 1669), usually simply known as Rembrandt, was a Dutch Golden Age painter, printmaker and draughtsman. An innovative and prolific master in three media, he is generally consid ...

Goya Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes (; ; 30 March 174616 April 1828) was a Spanish romantic painter and printmaker. He is considered the most important Spanish artist of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. His paintings, drawings, and ...

Runge Runge may refer to: Locations *Runge, Texas, a town, United States *Runge (crater), a lunar crater Mare Smythii Other uses *Runge Newspapers, a newspaper chain in Ontario, Canada *Inspector Heinrich Runge (though it is more often spelled a ...

, Menzel, and

Rops Rops may refer to: People * Daniel-Rops (1901–1965), French writer and historian * Félicien Rops (1833–1898), Belgian artist Places * Rops (peak), a mountain in Kosovo Sports * Rovaniemen Palloseura (RoPS), a Finnish football club T ...

.Schrenk, Klaus, Holger Jacob-Friesen, Anja Wenn, and Sonja Mißfeldt. (2007), Max Klinger: Die druckgraphischen Folgen. Edition Braus. Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe. Heidelberg, Germany. 184 pp. He began an apprenticeship studying engraving under Hermann Sagert and soon became a skilled and imaginative engraver in his own right. Klinger visited Brussels for a time in 1879, and the following year he spent time in Munich. He was achieving some notoriety with his pen and ink drawings and prints when in 1881 he published two sets of etchings, including ''Paraphrase on the Finding of a Glove'', which was an immediate success and established his reputation. Bildnis Elsa Asenijeff im Freien

With a receptive audience developing in Paris, where the Franco-Uruguayan poet and art critic

Jules Laforgue Jules Laforgue (; 16 August 1860 – 20 August 1887) was a Franco-Uruguayan poet, often referred to as a Symbolist poet. Critics and commentators have also pointed to Impressionism as a direct influence and his poetry has been called "part-symbol ...

had been celebrating and advocating his prints, Klinger moved to Paris in 1883 where he lived until 1886 or 1887. Klinger first began sculpting about 1883, and sculpture slowly came to dominate his output in his later years. He conceived and started work on his ''Beethoven'' sculpture while in Paris but, it was not completed and fully realized until 1902. In 1889

Les XX ''Les XX'' ( French; "''Les Vingt''"; ; ) was a group of twenty Belgian painters, designers and sculptors, formed in 1883 by the Brussels lawyer, publisher, and entrepreneur Octave Maus. For ten years, they held an annual exhibition of their ar ...

(The Twenty) invited Klinger to exhibit his work in their annual winter exhibition that year in Brussels. He moved to Rome in 1889, staying until 1893, studying the Italian masters, where the 15th century artists and works from antiquity are said to have been something of a revelation to him. He also intensified his studies of anatomy, the nude, and the representation of mass and volume during this period of his life. It was a productive time in his career. In the 1890s, Klinger continued his gradual shift away from printmaking in favor of sculpting. Klinger was an accomplished pianist and counted the composer Max Reger among his friends.Nebehay, Christian M. (1992), ''Gustav Klimt: from Drawing to Painting''. Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers. 288 pp. ee pages 93-108 A friendship with the composer Johannes Brahms developed over a period of 20 years, culminating with Klinger's publication of his print series ''Brahms Fantasies'' (1894) and Brahms's dedication of ''

Vier ernste Gesänge ''Vier ernste Gesänge'' (''Four Serious Songs''), Op. 121, is a cycle of four songs for bass and piano by Johannes Brahms. As in his ''Ein deutsches Requiem'', the texts are compiled from the Luther Bible. Three songs deal with death and the t ...

'' (''Four Serious Songs''), Opus 121, to Klinger in 1896, a year before the composer's death. In 1906 he founded the

Villa Romana Prize The Villa Romana Prize, german: Villa-Romana-Preis, italic=no, is an art prize awarded by the Deutscher Künstlerbund. It was established in 1905 and is the oldest German art award. The prize consists of a one-year artistic residence in the ...

. After buying a villa in

Florence Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico an ...

, complete with 15,000 square meter park, recipients of the prize were given the opportunity to stay for a few months and adsorbed the culture of the city. The first beneficiary of the prize was Gustav Klimt, however Klimt waived his honor and passed it on to Maximilian Kurzweil. Later recipients included

Käthe Kollwitz Käthe Kollwitz ( born as Schmidt; 8 July 1867 – 22 April 1945) was a German artist who worked with painting, printmaking (including etching, lithography and woodcuts) and sculpture. Her most famous art cycles, including ''The Weavers'' and ' ...

Max Beckmann Max Carl Friedrich Beckmann (February 12, 1884 – December 27, 1950) was a German painter, draftsman, printmaker, sculptor, and writer. Although he is classified as an Expressionist artist, he rejected both the term and the movement. In the 1920s ...

Ernst Barlach Ernst Heinrich Barlach (2 January 1870 – 24 October 1938) was a German expressionist sculptor, medallist, printmaker and writer. Although he was a supporter of the war in the years leading to World War I, his participation in the war made hi ...

and

Georg Kolbe Georg Kolbe (15 April 1877 – 20 November 1947) was a German sculptor. He was the leading German figure sculptor of his generation, in a vigorous, modern, simplified classical style similar to Aristide Maillol of France. Early life and educa ...

. Elsa Asenijeff (1867-1941) was a writer and poet, as well as a model, muse, and girlfriend of Klinger for about 15 years. They had a daughter Desirée Klinger (1900–1973) but were never married. In 1903 he moved away from

and bought a vineyard in Großjena

ross Jena, Ross or ROSS may refer to: People * Clan Ross, a Highland Scottish clan * Ross (name), including a list of people with the surname or given name Ross, as well as the meaning * Earl of Ross, a peerage of Scotland Places * RoSS, the Republic of Sout ...

near

Naumburg Naumburg () is a town in (and the administrative capital of) the district Burgenlandkreis, in the state of Saxony-Anhalt, Central Germany. It has a population of around 33,000. The Naumburg Cathedral became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2018. ...

, Germany, where he settled in his later years. In 1911 Klinger left Asenijeff, when her mental health begin to show signs of deteriorating, for an 18-year-old model, Gertrud Bock (1893–1932), who he ultimately married a few months before his death in 1920. Klinger left his estate to Gertrud. The sculptor

Johannes Hartmann Johannes Hartmann ( Amberg, 14 January 1568 – Kassel, 7 December 1631) was a German chemist. In 1609, he became the first Professor of Chemistry at the University of Marburg. His teaching dealt mainly with pharmaceutical A medica ...

, a friend of Klinger's, served as caretaker of the Klinger estate and designed Klinger's tomb with portraits of Klinger and Gertrud. Johannes Hartmann married Gertrud Klinger in 1922, however, much of the remainder of their lives was spent in litigation with Klinger's daughter, Desirée Klinger over the estate. Documentary photographs File:Max Klinger Villa 1900.jpg, Villa Klinger in Leipzig, Germany, on the river Weisse Elster (c. 1900) File:Max Klinger und Elsa Asanjieff, Villa Romana 1905.jpg, Max Klinger and Elsa Asanijeff in the garden of Villa Romana, Florence (1905) File:Unstruth 01.JPG, House on the vineyard of Max Klinger at Großjena, near Naumburg, Germany File:MarmorhermenMaxundGertrudKlinger.JPG, Memorial with portraits at the tomb of Max Klinger and Gertrud Klinger by Johannes Hartmann, Großjena, Germany File:JohannesHartmannGertrudKlinger.JPG, ''Portrait of Gertrud Klinger'' (1921), marble, by Johannes Hartmann File:JohannesHartmannMaxKlinger.JPG, ''Portrait of Max Klinger'' (1921), marble, by Johannes Hartmann

Art

A significant portion of Klinger’s reputation is associated with his many cycles and series of intaglio prints, which influenced numerous printmakers and artist of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Klinger would adeptly integrate several intaglio media like aquatint, drypoint, and etching in a single plate, producing remarkable formal and tonal qualities. The subjects range from esoteric symbolism to darker aspects of realism. In the cycle ''A Life'' (1884), Klinger is often regarded as the first German artist to deal with prostitution as a social problem and the hypocrisy and injustices regarding societies attitude to the subject. The series follow a middle-class woman's descent into prostitution: impregnated, deserted, then rejected by society, she descends into the depths of urban life, and ridiculed by an apathetic and indifferent genteel society. The series ''A Love'' (1887) was dedicated to

another symbolist artist Klinger greatly admired. In the series, '' Paraphrase on the Finding of a Glove'' (printed 1881), the pictures were based on images which came to Klinger in dreams after finding a glove at an ice-skating rink. In the leitmotivic device of a glove—belonging to a woman whose face we never see—Klinger anticipated the research of Freud and

Krafft-Ebing Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing (full name Richard Fridolin Joseph Freiherr Krafft von Festenberg auf Frohnberg, genannt von Ebing; 14 August 1840 – 22 December 1902) was a German psychiatrist and author of the foundational work '' Psychopath ...

on fetish objects. In this case, the glove becomes a symbol for the artist's romantic yearnings, finding itself, in each plate, in different dramatic situations, and performing the role that we might expect the figure of the beloved herself to fulfill.

Semioticians Semiotics (also called semiotic studies) is the systematic study of sign processes (semiosis) and meaning making. Semiosis is any activity, conduct, or process that involves signs, where a sign is defined as anything that communicates something, ...

have also seen in the symbol of the glove an example of a sliding signifier, or signifier without signified—in this case, the identity of the woman which Klinger is careful to conceal. The plates suggest various psychological states or existential crises faced by the artist protagonist (who bears a striking resemblance to the young Klinger). In Paris he started to draft his polemical text for ''Painting and Drawing'',Klinger, Max (1891)
Malerei und Zeichnung
'Painting and Drawing'' Leipzig, Reusche, 46 pp. which was eventually published in 1891, and subsequently reissued a number of times. The manuscript was well circulated and well read, with a number of later artist and historians referencing it, including

Giorgio de Chirico Giuseppe Maria Alberto Giorgio de Chirico ( , ; 10 July 1888 – 20 November 1978) was an Italian artist and writer born in Greece. In the years before World War I, he founded the '' scuola metafisica'' art movement, which profoundly influ ...

who called Klinger the "modern artist par excellence".Mazzaferro, Francesco (2015),
German Artists' Writings in the XX Century - Max Klinger, 'Painting and Drawing'. Part One: The Overall Context
'. Art Literature (accessed December 17, 2020) In it Klinger asserted the idea that prints and the graphic arts should have a new and significant role in the arts, distinct from painting, and were best suited for stylistic and conceptual experimentation. Also that the differences between naturalism (

) and neo-idealism, as well as form and content, were reconcilable, and both were possible. Concepts of the

Gesamtkunstwerk A ''Gesamtkunstwerk'' (, literally 'total artwork', translated as 'total work of art', 'ideal work of art', 'universal artwork', 'synthesis of the arts', 'comprehensive artwork', or 'all-embracing art form') is a work of art that makes use of al ...

, an all-embracing art form, with unity among the arts (e.g. painting, sculpture, literature, poetry, music, etc.), were also discussed. Klinger had a lifelong passion for music and musical elements are often reflected and expressed in his art. His print cycles were given

opus numbers In musicology, the opus number is the "work number" that is assigned to a musical composition, or to a set of compositions, to indicate the chronological order of the composer's production. Opus numbers are used to distinguish among compositions ...

, typically associated with musical publications. His series ''Brahms Fantasies'' (1894) was intended to be an amalgamation of music, poetry, and the visual arts: to be viewed with a performance of the composer’s music, creating

or "all-embracing art form". Klinger produced sculptures of

Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classic ...

Brahms Johannes Brahms (; 7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897) was a German composer, pianist, and conductor of the mid-Romantic period. Born in Hamburg into a Lutheran family, he spent much of his professional life in Vienna. He is sometimes grouped with ...

, and

Liszt Franz Liszt, in modern usage ''Liszt Ferenc'' . Liszt's Hungarian passport spelled his given name as "Ferencz". An orthographic reform of the Hungarian language in 1922 (which was 36 years after Liszt's death) changed the letter "cz" to simpl ...

as well. Inspired by recent accounts of archaeological discoveries of antique sculptural remains made from various colored stones, Klinger utilized a variety of materials in many of his sculptures. A mixture of bronze, ivory,

alabaster Alabaster is a mineral or rock that is soft, often used for carving, and is processed for plaster powder. Archaeologists and the stone processing industry use the word differently from geologists. The former use it in a wider sense that include ...

, and several different marbles were used in ''Beethoven''. He studied and took measurements of Beethoven's death mask in

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

and traveled to Laas in southwestern France to personally select the alabaster, and the

Pyrenees The Pyrenees (; es, Pirineos ; french: Pyrénées ; ca, Pirineu ; eu, Pirinioak ; oc, Pirenèus ; an, Pirineus) is a mountain range straddling the border of France and Spain. It extends nearly from its union with the Cantabrian Mountains to C ...

and Syra (or

Syros Syros ( el, Σύρος ), also known as Siros or Syra, is a Greek island in the Cyclades, in the Aegean Sea. It is south-east of Athens. The area of the island is and it has 21,507 inhabitants (2011 census). The largest towns are Ermoupoli, An ...

), Greece to select marbles. Elsa Asenijeff wrote of the unusually complex and difficult process involved with casting the large bronze throne from wax in her book ''Max Klinges Beethoven: Eine kunst-technische Studie'' (''Max Klinge's Beethoven: A Practical Artistic Study'') published in 1902. The sculpture was exhibited in an earlier stage of development in Paris in 1885 and later rejected from major exhibitions in Berlin 1887 and 1888. It developed something of a cult-like reputation over the years. Beethoven was the theme of the 14th exhibition of the

in 1902, and Max Klinger's sculpture was brought to Vienna as the centerpiece. The Vienna Secession had hoped to purchase the sculpture but this was not to come to fruition. Headed by

Alfred Roller Alfred Roller (2 October 1864 – 21 June 1935) was an Austrian painter, graphic designer, and set designer. His wife was Mileva Roller and they were members of the Viennese Secession movement. Life and work Roller was born in Brünn (Br ...

, the artist of the Secession created works on the theme for the galleries and Roller and the architect

Josef Hoffmann Josef Hoffmann (15 December 1870 – 7 May 1956) was an Austrian- Moravian architect and designer. He was among the founders of Vienna Secession and co-establisher of the Wiener Werkstätte. His most famous architectural work is the Stoclet Pa ...

oversaw the overall installation. Klinger's ''Beethoven'' was installed in the central hall with Alfred Roller's mural ''Night Descending'' on the wall behind it. Gustav Klimt's seminal '' Beethoven Frieze'' was visible in an adjoining room. Even the normally shy and retiring Gustav Mahler was persuaded to transcribed music from Beethoven's Ninth Symphony for trumpets and rehearse the musicians for the opening. The exhibition, presented within the specific architecture, with the sculpture, paintings, and music was in part, offered in the context of the

, comparative to a contemporary

installation Installation may refer to: * Installation (computer programs) * Installation, work of installation art * Installation, military base * Installation, into an office, especially a religious (Installation (Christianity) Installation is a Christian li ...

. The exhibition received extensive press, and generated a scandal. Most of the hostile and negative reviews were directed at Gustav Klimt and his murals. However, Klinger's sculpture received its criticism as well, some dismissing it as kitsch, while others were offended by seeing Beethoven represented nude.

Auguste Rodin François Auguste René Rodin (12 November 184017 November 1917) was a French sculptor, generally considered the founder of modern sculpture. He was schooled traditionally and took a craftsman-like approach to his work. Rodin possessed a uniqu ...

attended the exhibition and was reported to have walked past Klinger's sculpture without comment, although at a later time he said it had nothing to do with sculpture. Klinger was cited by many artists (notably

) as being a major link between the symbolist movement of the 19th century and the start of the

metaphysical Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that studies the fundamental nature of reality, the first principles of being, identity and change, space and time, causality, necessity, and possibility. It includes questions about the nature of conscio ...

movement. His work was also admired and a formative influence on later artist such as

Max Ernst Max Ernst (2 April 1891 – 1 April 1976) was a German (naturalised American in 1948 and French in 1958) painter, sculptor, printmaker, graphic artist, and poet. A prolific artist, Ernst was a primary pioneer of the Dada movement and Surrealis ...

and other

surrealist Surrealism is a cultural movement that developed in Europe in the aftermath of World War I in which artists depicted unnerving, illogical scenes and developed techniques to allow the unconscious mind to express itself. Its aim was, according to ...

artist.Rubin, William S. (1968), Dada and Surrealist Art. Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, New York. 525 pp. The historian Holger Jacob-Friesen illustrates and discusses in detail the influence of Klinger's prints on artist such as

Franz von Stuck Franz von Stuck (February 23, 1863 – August 30, 1928), born Franz Stuck, was a German painter, sculptor, printmaker, and architect. Stuck was best known for his paintings of ancient mythology, receiving substantial critical acclaim with '' The ...

, Edvard Munch,

Lovis Corinth Lovis Corinth (21 July 1858 – 17 July 1925) was a German artist and writer whose mature work as a painter and printmaker realized a synthesis of impressionism and expressionism. Corinth studied in Paris and Munich, joined the Berlin Sec ...

, Otto Greiner,

Alfred Kubin Alfred Leopold Isidor Kubin (10 April 1877 – 20 August 1959) was an Austrian printmaker, illustrator, and occasional writer. Kubin is considered an important representative of Symbolism and Expressionism. Biography Kubin was born in Bohemia ...

Max Slevogt Max Slevogt (8 October 1868 – 20 September 1932) was a German Impressionist painter and illustrator, best known for his landscapes. He was, together with Lovis Corinth and Max Liebermann, one of the foremost representatives in Germany of t ...

Paul Klee Paul Klee (; 18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940) was a Swiss-born German artist. His highly individual style was influenced by movements in art that included expressionism, cubism, and surrealism. Klee was a natural draftsman who experimented ...

, Richard Müller,

Oskar Kokoschka Oskar Kokoschka (1 March 1886 – 22 February 1980) was an Austrian artist, poet, playwright, and teacher best known for his intense expressionistic portraits and landscapes, as well as his theories on vision that influenced the Viennese Expres ...

Horst Janssen Horst Janssen (14 November 192931 August 1995) was a German draftsman, printmaker, poster artist and illustrator. He had a prolific output of drawings, etchings, woodcuts, lithographs and wood engravings. Janssen was a student of Alfred Mahla ...

, as well as De Chirico and Ernst. Print series published by Max Klinger * 1879. ''Radierte Skizzen'' (''Etched Sketches''), Opus I, nos. 1-8. * 1879. ''Rettungen Ovidischer Opper'' (''Deliverances of Ovidian Victims'') Opus II, nos. 1-13. * 1880. ''Eva und die Zukunft'' (''Eva and the Future''), Opus III, nos. 1-6. * 1880, ''Amor und Psyche'' (''Cupid and Psyche''), Opus V, book with 46 etchings * 1881. ''Intermezzi'' (''Intermezzi''), Opus IV, nos. 1-12. * 1881. ''Paraphrase über den Fund eines Handschuhs'' (''Paraphrase on the Finding of a Glove''), Opus VI, nos. 1-10. * 1883. ''Vier Landschaften'' (''Four Landscapes''), Opus VII, nos. 1-4. * 1883. ''Dramen'' (''Dramas''), Opus IX, nos. 1-10. * 1884. ''Ein Leben'' (''A Life'') Opus VIII, nos. 1-15. * 1887. ''Eine Liebe'' (''A Love''), Opus X, nos. 1-10. * 1889. ''Vom Tode, Erster Theil'' (''On Death, Part One'') Opus XI, nos. 1-10. * 1894. ''Brahmsphantasie'' (''Brahms Fantasy''), Opus XII, nos. 1-41. * 1898-1910. ''Vom Tode, Zweiter Theil'' (''On Death, Part Two''), Opus XIII, nos. 1-12.

In contemporary culture

In Elsa Bernstein's naturalist play ''Dämmerung'', Klinger is mentioned in the third act when Carl talks of being able to afford "etchings by Klinger" for 80 francs.

Inspection Medical Hermeneutics Inspection Medical Hermeneutics ( Инспекция Медицинская Герменевтика) was a pioneering artists’ collective formed in December 1987 in a squat in Furman Lane in Moscow. History The founding members of the group ...

, an infamous Moscow art collective, based their 1991 installation ''Klinger’s Boxes'', on an idea inspired by Klinger's ''Paraphrase on the Finding of a Glove.''

Asteroid An asteroid is a minor planet of the inner Solar System. Sizes and shapes of asteroids vary significantly, ranging from 1-meter rocks to a dwarf planet almost 1000 km in diameter; they are rocky, metallic or icy bodies with no atmosphere. ...

22369 Klinger is named in his honor.

Gallery

Paintings > File:Max Klinger - Herrenbildnis - 3862 - Österreichische Galerie Belvedere.jpg, ''Portrait of a Gentleman'' (undated), oil on cardboard, 37.5 x 32.2 cm. (14.7 x 12.6 in.), Österreichische Galerie Belvedere, Vienna, Austria. File:Max Klinger-Der pinkelnde Tod.jpg, ''Pissing Death'' (1880), oil on canvas, 95 x 45 cm. Museum der bildenden Künste, Leipzig, Germany. File:Leipzig, Museum der bildenden Künste, Max Klinger, eine Gesandtschaft.JPG, ''A Legation'' (1882), oil on panel, 37 x 63 cm. (14.5 x 24.8 in), Museum der bildenden Künste, Leipzig, Germany. File:Max Klinger - Das Urteil des Paris - 433i - Österreichische Galerie Belvedere.jpg, ''The Judgment of Paris'' (1885–87), oil on canvas, wood and plaster, overall dimensions: 370 × 752 × 65 cm., Österreichische Galerie Belvedere, Vienna, Austria. File:Max Klinger (1857-1920) l' Heure bleue,1890,huile sur toile 191,5 x 176 cm, Musée des Beaux-Arts de Leipzig.jpg, ''The Blue Hour'' (1890), oil on canvas, 191.5 × 176 cm. (75.3 × 69.2 in.), Museum der bildenden Künste, Leipzig, Germany. File:Max Klinger - Christus im Olymp - 433h - Österreichische Galerie Belvedere.jpg, ''Christ in Olympus'' (1897), oil on canvas with mixed media, overall dimensions: 549 × 965 × 65 cm, (3800 kg.), Österreichische Galerie Belvedere, Vienna, Austria. File:Max Klinger 003.jpg, ''Landscape on the Unstrut'' (1912), oil on canvas, 192 x 126 cm. (75.5 x 49.6 in.), Lindenau-Museum, Altenburg, Germany. Sculptures File:Max Klinger - Das Drama (1).jpg, ''The Drama'' (before 1904), demotions and collection unknown Image:Max Klinger, Elsa Asenijeff.jpg, up''Elsa Asenijeff'', ca. 1900. File:Max Klinger - Athlete.jpg, ''Athlete'', (1901), demotions and collection unknown File:Kinger Beethoven.png, ''Beethoven'' (c. 1883-1902), height :3.10 m., Leipzig, Museum of Fine Arts Image:Klinger Beethoven2.jpg, ''Beethoven Torso'' (1902), bronze File:Max Klinger - Galathée.jpg, ''Galatea'' (1906), cast silver and marble, 111.1 × 31.8 × 47.6 cm. Drawings, prints and graphics > File:Cupid, Death, and the Beyond, from the series Intermezzi, Opus IV, no. 12 (1881), etching and aquatint, 15.7 × 40.7 cm., Philadelphia Museum of Art.jpg, ''Cupid, Death, and the Beyond'', from the series ''Intermezzi'', Opus IV, no. 12 (1881), etching and aquatint, 15.7 × 40.7 cm., Philadelphia Museum of Art File:Klinger - Ängste - 1893.jpeg, ''Anxieties'' from the series ''Paraphrase on the Finding of a Glove'' Opus VI, no. 7 (1881), etching, 7, 13,5 x 25,7 cm., Albertina, Vienna File:Klinger - Entführung.jpeg, ''Abduction'' from the series ''Paraphrase on the Finding of a Glove'' Opus VI, no. 9 (1881), etching, 9, 11,4 x 26,1 cm., Albertina, Vienna File:Intermezzo, from the series A Love, Opus X, no. (1880–1887), etching with engraving and aquatint, 19.1 x 42 cm., Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.jpg, ''Intermezzo'', from the series ''A Love'', Opus X, no. 6 (1887), etching with engraving and aquatint, 19.1 x 42 cm., Museum of Fine Arts, Houston File:First Future, from the series Eva the Future, Opus III, no, 2 (1879–80), etching with aquatint, image size; 36 x 23.5 cm., Saint Louis Art Museum, Missouri.jpg, ''First Future'', from the series ''Eva and the Future'', Opus III, no, 2 (1879–80), etching with aquatint, 36 x 23.5 cm., Saint Louis Art Museum File:Third Future, from the series Eve and the Future, Opus III, no, 6 (1880), etching, 290 × 201 mm., Art Institute of Chicago.jpg, ''Third Future'', from the series ''Eve and the Future'', Opus III, no, 6 (1880), etching, 290 × 201 mm., Art Institute of Chicago, Gift of

Jack Daulton James (Jack) Daulton (born October 30, 1956) is an American art collector, trial lawyer, music entrepreneur, exploration philanthropist, and expert and lecturer on the history of art and architecture. Daulton rose to fame representing the natio ...

File:Klinger Max - Nackte Frau mit tanzendem Phallus.jpg, ''Sitting Naked Woman with Dancing Phallus'' (1882), ink pen and brush on paper, 30.6 x 18.7 cm. File:Temptation, from the series A Life, Opus VIII, no. 4 (1884), aquatint and etching, with roulette, 47.3 × 22.5 cm. Art Institute of Chicago.jpg, ''Temptation'', from the series ''A Life'', Opus VIII, no. 4 (1884), aquatint and etching, with roulette, 47.3 × 22.5 cm. Art Institute of Chicago File:Downfall, from the series A Life, Opus VIII, no. 12 (1884), etching and drypoint, 27.6 × 22.8 cm. Art Institute of Chicago.jpg, ''Downfall'', from the series ''A Life'', Opus VIII, no. 12 (1884), etching and drypoint, 27.6 × 22.8 cm. Art Institute of Chicago, Gift of

File:Max Klinger - Aus dem Zyklus "Ein Leben" Ins Nichts zurück (Opus VIII, Blatt 15-15).jpeg, ''Back into Nothingness'' from the series ''A Life'', Opus VIII, no. 15 (1884), etching and aquatint, 29.9 x 24.8 cm. File:Max Klinger - Kuss.jpg, ''Kiss in the Park'', from the series ''A Love'', Opus X, no. 4 (1887), etching and engraving, 45.4 x 27.4 cm. File:Max Klinger, Evocation (Evocation), NGA 85999.jpg, ''Evocation'', from the series ''Brahmsphantasie'', Opus XII, no, 2 (1894), 21.8 x 34 cm., National Gallery of Art, Washington D. C. File:Sisifus the faculties.jpg, ''Sisifus (The Faculties)'' (1914)

References

External links

Plate 1 of 'Paraphrase on the Finding of a Glove – all ten plates can be viewed in order

www.max-klinger.com

Max Klinger's Beethoven Monument

"This Kiss to the Whole World" ''Klimt and the Vienna Secession''. (NYARC)
Klinger Vienna Secession exhibition catalog; Short bio; Beethoven Statue. {{DEFAULTSORT:Klinger, Max 1857 births 1920 deaths Artists from Leipzig People from the Kingdom of Saxony 19th-century German painters 19th-century German male artists German male painters 20th-century German painters German Symbolist painters Symbolist sculptors 20th-century German sculptors 20th-century German male artists 19th-century German sculptors German male sculptors Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)

Life

Art

In contemporary culture

Gallery

References

Further reading

External links