Max Judd (born Maximilian Judkiewicz; 27 December 1851 – 7 May 1906) was an American

chess Chess is a board game for two players, called White and Black, each controlling an army of chess pieces in their color, with the objective to checkmate the opponent's king. It is sometimes called international chess or Western chess to dist ...

player. Born in Tenczynek, southern Poland (then Galicia, Austro–Hungary), he emigrated to America in 1862. He was an American cloak manufacturer. He was founder and president of the

St. Louis St. Louis () is the second-largest city in Missouri, United States. It sits near the confluence of the Mississippi and the Missouri Rivers. In 2020, the city proper had a population of 301,578, while the bi-state metropolitan area, which e ...

Chess Club. Judd was appointed by

President Cleveland Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837June 24, 1908) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 22nd and 24th president of the United States from 1885 to 1889 and from 1893 to 1897. Cleveland is the only president in America ...

as the U.S.

Consul General A consul is an official representative of the government of one state in the territory of another, normally acting to assist and protect the citizens of the consul's own country, as well as to facilitate trade and friendship between the people ...

to Austria. In 1881, he lost a chess match with

George Henry Mackenzie George Henry Mackenzie (24 March 1837, North Kessock, Scotland – 14 April 1891, New York City) was a Scottish-born American chess master. Biography Mackenzie was educated mainly in Aberdeen, at the Aberdeen Grammar School and the Marischal ...

for the U.S. Chess Championship (+5 -7 =3), held in St. Louis. In 1887 Judd defeated

Albert Hodges Albert Beauregard Hodges (July 21, 1861 – February 3, 1944) was an American chess master who was born in Nashville, Tennessee. Chess career Hodges was one of the better-known American chess masters of the late 19th century. In 1894 he los ...

(+5 −2 =2) in a non-title match, held in St. Louis. In 1888, Judd took last place in the 1st United States Chess Association tournament, held in Cincinnati (won by Jackson W. Showalter). In 1890, Judd defeated US chess champion

Jackson Showalter Jackson Whipps Showalter (February 5, 1859 in Minerva, Kentucky – February 5, 1935 in Lexington, Kentucky) was a five-time U.S. Chess Champion: 1890, 1892, 1892–1894, 1895–96 and 1906–1909. Chess career U.S. Championship matches Showalt ...

in a match in St. Louis (+7 −3 =0), but did not claim the title. In 1892, Judd lost to Jackson Showalter in a match in St, Louis (+4 −7 =3). In 1899, he lost a match against

Harry Nelson Pillsbury Harry Nelson Pillsbury (December 5, 1872 – June 17, 1906) was an American chess player. At the age of 22, he won one of the strongest tournaments of the time (winning the Hastings 1895 chess tournament), but his illness and early death prevent ...

in St. Louis (+1 −4 =0). In 1903 he won the Western Chess Association Championship (

U.S. Open Chess Championship The U.S. Open Championship is an open national chess championship that has been held in the United States annually since . History The tournament was originally the championship of the Western Chess Association, and was called the Western Open. ...

) in Chicago. At one time he was offered to play in

Ajeeb Ajeeb was a chess-playing "automaton", created by Charles Hooper (a cabinet maker), first presented at the Royal Polytechnical Institute in 1868. A particularly intriguing piece of faux mechanical technology (while presented as entirely automat ...

, the Automaton in New York, but he did not want to leave St. Louis. The job was then offered to Albert Hodges. He played in six

American Chess Congress The American Chess Congress was a series of chess tournaments held in the United States, a predecessor to the current U.S. Chess Championship. It had nine editions, the first played in October 1857 and the last in August 1923. First American Ches ...

tournaments. He took 4th place in the 2nd American Chess Congress in Cleveland in 1871 (Mackenzie won). He took 3rd place in the 3rd American Chess Congress in Chicago in 1874 (Mackenzie won). He took 2nd place in the 4th American Chess Congress in Philadelphia in 1876 ( James Mason won). He took 5th place in the 5th American Chess Congress in New York in 1880 (Mackenzie won). He took 8th place in the 6th American Chess Congress in New York in 1889 (

Max Weiss Miksa (Max) Weisz (21 July 1857 – 14 March 1927) was an Austrian chess player born in the Kingdom of Hungary. Weiss was born in Sereď. Moving to Vienna, he studied mathematics and physics at the university, and later taught those subjects. We ...

and

Mikhail Chigorin Mikhail Ivanovich Chigorin (also ''Tchigorin''; russian: Михаи́л Ива́нович Чиго́рин; – ) was a Russian chess player. He played two World Championship matches against Wilhelm Steinitz, losing both times. The last great ...

won). He took 2nd place in the 7th American Chess Congress in St, Louis in 1904. In 1904, Judd tried to arrange the Seventh American Chess Congress in St. Louis, with the stipulation that the US title be awarded to the winner. Harry Nelson Pillsbury objected to Judd's plans, so the stipulation was not accepted. Frank James Marshall won the 7th American Congress at St. Louis 1904.Extra, Extra, Read all About it. Judd tries to Intercept US Title (1904)
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References

External links

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Annotated game of Judd

Lasker’s Chess Magazine, November 1904

Part one of an article discussing the early life of Max Judd

Part two of the article

{{DEFAULTSORT:Judd, Max 1851 births 1906 deaths 19th-century chess players 20th-century chess players Jews from Galicia (Eastern Europe) American people of Polish-Jewish descent Polish chess players American chess players Jewish chess players Sportspeople from Kraków

See also

References

External links