Mato Queimado
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Mato Queimado is a Brazilian
municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...
located in the northwestern part of the state of the Rio Grande do Sul. The population is about 1,629 (2020 est.) in an area of 114.64 km². It is located 489  km in the west of the state capital of
Porto Alegre Porto Alegre (, , Brazilian ; ) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Its population of 1,488,252 inhabitants (2020) makes it the List of largest cities in Brazil, twelfth most populous city in the country ...
and northeast of
Alegrete Alegrete is a municipality in Rio Grande do Sul located in southern Brazil. Its medium altitude is . Its estimated population in 2020 was 73,028 inhabitants and the total area is (the largest municipality of the State and of Southern Brazil). It ...
.


Regional language

As is the case in many of its surrounding municipalities, listed below, the
Riograndenser Hunsrückisch Hunsrik (natively and Portuguese ''Hunsrik'' or ''Hunsrückisch''), also called ''Riograndenser Hunsrückisch'' or ''Katharinensisch'', is a Moselle Franconian language derived primarily from the Hunsrückisch dialect of West Central German. T ...
language is spoken in Mato Queimado since pioneer days and has been intrinsic to its history. Although technically a language, it is commonly referred to as a dialect of the German language. In recent years the Portuguese translation of its name is gaining wider use throughout Brazil: ''hunsriqueano riograndense'' (no caps in Port.). However, the majority of estimated three million native speakers of Riograndenser Hunsrückisch in Rio Grande do Sul mostly often refer to their language simply as ''Deitsch'' or ''Hunsrückisch'', and the majority of them probably do not recognize the term ''hunsriqueano'', as used in academia and presently more and more in the larger cultural context (i.e. internet, social media, etc.). The establishment of this community dates back to 1919, and its original settlers were all German Brazilian, as well documented, most originating from the neighboring municipality of Cerro Largo (then called ''Serro Azul'') and some from the eastern ''Altkolonie'' (trans.: Old Colony; in Port.: Colônia Velha) region of the state. Therefore, all the founders of the community were native speakers of the variety of Hunsrückisch spoken in the state of
Rio Grande do Sul Rio Grande do Sul (, , ; "Great River of the South") is a Federative units of Brazil, state in the South Region, Brazil, southern region of Brazil. It is the Federative_units_of_Brazil#List, fifth-most-populous state and the List of Brazilian st ...
, a Germanic language which is in fact uniquely Brazilian (there are two much smaller pockets of Hunsrückisch speakers in Brazil, located on the Atlantic coast of
Santa Catarina state Santa Catarina (, ) is a state in the South Region of Brazil. It is the 7th smallest state in total area and the 11th most populous. Additionally, it is the 9th largest settlement, with 295 municipalities. The state, with 3.4% of the Brazili ...
and in the mountains of the state of Espírito Santo).


Endangered status

Although Riograndenser Hunsrückisch has a relatively large number of native speakers, the vast majority are also being fluent in the national language, many if not the majority of their children are not learning their parents mother tongue. This situation can be observed in Mato Queimado as well as in many localities with a similar profile found throughout the state of Rio Grande do Sul and also in neighboring regions outside the state where the language is spoken. However, there a few notable exceptions, as well documented by published research (See Altenhofen, cited above), affording some stability to this regional language. Nonetheless, given the overall language shift towards the dominant Brazilian language, Hunsrückisch has been officially classified as endangered for quite some time by world languages' monitoring organizations such as Ethnologue.''Ethnologue, Languages of the World: Hunsrik, Hunsriker, Rio Grand Hunsriker'' (ISO 639-3 hrx). Population: 3,000,000. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West High German, German. Website accessed on October 27, 2017.
/ref> There are many complex factors and interwoven dynamics that help explain the status quo of this language and its very pronounced lack of social prestige, centrally among them are the specific public policies enacted by Brazil's dictator
Getúlio Vargas Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (; 19 April 1882 – 24 August 1954) was a Brazilian lawyer and politician who served as the 14th and 17th president of Brazil, from 1930 to 1945 and from 1951 to 1954. Due to his long and controversial tenure as Brazi ...
during
II World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
with his ''Nationalization Campaign'', the ''Campanha de Nacionalização'', which aimed aggressively at the eradication non-autochthonous minority languages both from public as well as privet life. Long after Vargas' linguistic legislation was officially suspended, its effect can still be observed among members of communities such as Mato Queimado (See Stigma management).


Neighbouring municipalities

* Cerro Largo * Guarani das Missões *
Caibaté Caibaté is a municipality of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The population is 4,823 (2020 est.) in an area of 259.66 km2. The name comes from the Tupi language. It is located 524 km west of the state capital of Porto Alegre, n ...
*
Rolador Rolador is a municipality of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The population is 2,296 (2020 est.) in an area of 295.01 km2. It is located 524 km west of the state capital of Porto Alegre, northeast of Alegrete. Bounding municipalities ...


References


External links

*http://www.citybrazil.com.br/rs/matoqueimado/ {{in lang, pt Municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul Languages of Brazil German diaspora in Brazil